AP FR Review 4 Thermo Solutions

aldridge (ma34537) – AP FR Review 4: Thermo – jensen – (1111) 1
This print-out should have 12 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on 002 (part 2 of 6) 10.0 points
the next column or page – find all choices Determine the heat Qab added to the gas dur-
before answering. ing process AB.
001 (part 1 of 6) 10.0 points Correct answer: 9857.8 J.

One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is taken Explanation:
through the cycle ABCA shown schematically
in the diagram. State A has volume 0.0153 m3
and pressure 1.11 × 105 Pa, and state C has Let : Pa = 1.11 × 105 Pa ,
volume 0.0508 m3 . Process CA lies along the Va = 0.0153 m3 ,
204 ±1 K isotherm.
n = 1 mol , and
“P V ” diagram
16 cp = 20.8 J/mol · K .
14 For state a
Pa Va (1.11 × 105 Pa) (0.0153 m3 )
12 A B Ta = =
R 8.31447 J/mol · K
Pressure (×104 Pa)
10 = 204.258 K , so
8
Q = n cp ∆T
20
6 = (1 mol)(20.8 J/mol · K)
4
±
× (678.191 K − 204.258 K)
1
K
4 = 9857.8 J .
2
C
003 (part 3 of 6) 10.0 points
0 Determine the change ∆Uab = Ub − Ua in the
0 10
20 30 40 50 60 70
Volume (×10−3 m3 ) internal energy.
Find the temperature Tb of state B.
Correct answer: 5917.3 J.
The molar heat capacities for the gas are
20.8 J/mol · K and 12.5 J/mol · K. Explanation:
In an isobaric process the change in internal
Correct answer: 678.191 K. energy is given by
Explanation: ∆Uab = Qab − W = Qab − P ∆V
= Qab − P (Vb − Va )
Let : Pb = 1.11 × 105 Pa , = 9857.8 J
Vb = 0.0508 m3 , and − (1.11 × 105 Pa)
R = 8.31447 J/mol · K. ×(0.0508 m3 − 0.0153 m3 )
Using the ideal gas equation = 5917.3 J .
Pb Vb (1.11 × 105 Pa) (0.0508 m3 )

Tb = = 004 (part 4 of 6) 10.0 points
R 8.31447 J/mol · K
Determine the work Wbc done by the gas on
= 678.191 K . its surroundings during process BC.
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Correct answer: 0. Correct answer: 359 J.

Explanation: Explanation:
W = P ∆V and ∆V = 0, so W = 0 .
Let : ∆Q = 255 J ,
W1 = 138 J , and
The net heat added to the gas for the entire
cycle is 1900 J. W2 = 34 J .
Determine the net work done by the gas on The total work done by the gas is
its surroundings for the entire cycle.
∆W = W2 − W1 .
Correct answer: 1900 J.
Using the first law of thermodynamics,
Explanation:
∆U = ∆Q − ∆W = ∆Q − (W2 − W1 )
Let : Q = 1900 J .
= 255 J − (34 J − 138 J) = 359 J .
For a complete cycle the change in internal
energy ∆U is zero, so
W = Q = 1900 J . A piece of metal with a mass of 2.1 kg, specific
heat of 200 J/kg ◦ C, and initial temperature
The work is simply the net heat added to the of 100◦ C is dropped into an insulated jar that
gas. contains liquid with a mass of 3.3 kg, specific
heat of 1000 J/kg ◦ C, and initial temperature
006 (part 6 of 6) 10.0 points of 0 ◦ C. The piece of metal is removed after
Determine the efficiency of a Carnot engine 5 s, at which time its temperature is 20◦ C.
that operates between the maximum and min- Find the temperature of the liquid after the
imum temperatures in this cycle. metal is removed. Neglect any effects of heat
transfer to the air or to the insulated jar.
Correct answer: 0.698819.
Explanation: Correct answer: 10.1818◦ C.
The Carnot efficiency is Explanation:
Tc
η =1− . Let : mm = 2.1 kg ,
Th
cm = 200 J/kg ◦ C ,
The maximum temperature from part 1
and the minimum temperature is isotherm. Tm = 100◦ C ,
Therefore Tm2 = 20◦ C ,
Ta 204.258 K mℓ = 3.3 kg ,
η =1− =1− cℓ = 1000 J/kg ◦ C , and
Tb 678.191 K
Tℓ = 0◦ C .
= 0.698819 .
Heat can only transfer from the metal to
the liquid. The heat transferred from the
007 10.0 points metal is
If the gas in a container absorbs 255 J of heat,
∆Q = cm mm (Tm − Tm2 )
has 138 J of work done on it, then does 34 J
of work, what is the increase in the internal = (200 J/kg ◦ C) (2.1 kg) (100◦ C − 20◦ C)
energy of the gas? = 33600 J .
The heat absorbed by the liquid has the Tm2 = 18◦ C ,
same magnitude as the heat lost by the metal, ml = 4 kg ,
so
cl = 1000 J/kg/◦ C ,
∆Q = cℓ mℓ ∆Tℓ = cℓ mℓ (Tℓ2 − Tℓ ) Tl1 = 0◦ C , and
∆Q ∆t = 2.8 s .
Tℓ2 − Tℓ =
cℓ mℓ
Heat can only transfer from the metal to
∆Q
Tℓ2 = Tℓ + the liquid. The heat transferred from the
cℓ mℓ metal is
33600 J
= 0◦ C +
(1000 J/kg ◦ C) (3.3 kg) ∆Q = cm mm (Tm1 − Tm2 )
= 10.1818◦ C . = (179 J/kg/◦ C) (1.7 kg)
× (90◦ C − 18◦ C)
= 21909.6 J .
Find the average rate at which heat is trans- The heat absorbed by the liquid is then
ferred while the piece of metal is in the liquid.
Correct answer: 6720 J/s. ∆Q = cl ml ∆Tl1 = cl ml (Tl2 − Tl1 ) .

∆Q
Explanation: Tl2 − Tl1 =
cl ml
∆Q
Let : ∆t = 5 s . Tl2 = Tl1 +
cl ml
The average rate at which the heat is trans- 21909.6 J
ferred is = 0◦ C +
(1000 J/kg/◦ C) (4 kg)
∆Q 33600 J = 5.4774◦C .
= = 6720 J/s .
∆t 5s

Find the average rate at which heat is trans-
A piece of metal with a mass of 1.7 kg, specific
ferred while the piece of metal is in the liquid.
heat of 179 J/kg/◦ C, and initial temperature
of 90◦ C is dropped into an insulated jar that
Correct answer: 7824.86 J/s.
contains liquid with a mass of 4 kg, specific
heat of 1000 J/kg/◦ C, and initial temperature Explanation:
of 0 ◦ C. The piece of metal is removed after The average rate at which the heat is trans-
2.8 s, at which time its temperature is 18◦ C. ferred is
Find the temperature of the liquid after the ∆Q 21909.6 J
metal is removed. Neglect any effects of heat = = 7824.86 J/s .
∆t 2.8 s
transfer to the air or to the insulated jar.
Correct answer: 5.4774◦C. 012 10.0 points

In each cycle of a Carnot engine, 97 J of heat is
Explanation: absorbed from the high-temperature reservoir
and 50 J is exhausted to the low-temperature
reservoir.
Let : mm = 1.7 kg ,
What is the efficiency of the engine?
cm = 179 J/kg/◦ C ,
Tm1 = 90◦ C , Correct answer: 0.484536.
Explanation:
The work done by the engine (due to the
first law of thermodynamics) is
W = Qabsorbed − Qexhausted ,
so the efficiency is
W
η=
Qabsorbed
Qabsorbed − Qexhausted
=
Qabsorbed
97 J − 50 J
=
97 J
= 0.484536 .
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aldridge (ma34537) – AP FR Review 4: Thermo – jensen – (1111) 1

This print-out should have 12 questions.

001 (part 1 of 6) 10.0 points Correct answer: 9857.8 J.

Using the ideal gas equation = 5917.3 J .

Pb Vb (1.11 × 105 Pa) (0.0508 m3 )

Correct answer: 0. Correct answer: 359 J.

Correct answer: 6720 J/s. ∆Q = cl ml ∆Tl1 = cl ml (Tl2 − Tl1 ) .

011 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

Correct answer: 5.4774◦C. 012 10.0 points

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