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Question 1:
2 4
Evaluate the determinants in Exercise 1 and 2.
5 1
Solution 1:
2 4
2 1 4 5 2 20 18
5 1
Question 2:
Evaluate the determinants in Exercise 1 and 2.
cos sin x2 x 1 x 1
(i) (ii)
sin cos x 1 x 1
Solution 2:
cos sin
(i) cos cos sin sin cos 2 sin 2 1
sin cos
x2 x 1 x 1
(ii)
x 1 x 1
x 2 -x+1 x+1 - x-1 x+1
= x 3 - x 2 + x + x 2 - x +1- x 2 -1
= x 3 +1- x 2 +1
= x3 - x 2 + 2
Question 3:
1 2
If A , then show that 2 A 4 A
4 2
Solution 3:
1 2
The given matrix is A
4 2
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 2 2 4
2A 2
4 2 8 4
2 4
L.H.S. = 2A 2 x 4- 4 x 8=8-32 = - 24
8 4
1 2
Now, A 1x 2- 2 x 4 = 2-8= -6
4 2
R.H.S. = 4 A 4x -6 24
L.H .S . R.H.S.
Questions 4:
1 0 1
A 0 1 2 , then show that 3 A 27 A .
0 0 4
Solution 4:
1 0 1
The given matrix is A 0 1 2 .
0 0 4
It can be observed that in the first column, two entries are zero. Thus, we expand along the first column
C1 for easier calculation.
1 2 0 1 0 1
A 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 4
0 4 0 4 1 2
27 A 27 4 108 ……(i)
1 0 1 3 0 3
Now, 3 A 3 0 1 2 0 3 6
0 0 4 0 0 12
3 6 0 3 0 3
3A 3 0 0
0 12 0 12 3 6
3 36 0 3 36 108 ……(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we have:
3 A 27 A
Hence, the given result is proved.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 5:
Evaluate the determinants
3 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 2 1 2
(i) 0 0 1 (ii) 1 1 2 (iii) 1 0 3 iv) 0 2 1
3 5 0 2 3 1 2 3 0 3 5 0
Solution 5:
3 1 2
(i) let A 0 0 1
3 5 0
It can be observed that in the second row, two entries are zero. Thus, we expand along the second row
for easier calculation.
1 2 3 2 3 1
A 0 0 1 15 3 12
5 0 3 0 3 5
3 4 5
(ii) Let A 1 1 2
2 3 1
By expanding along the first row, we have:
1 2 1 2 1 1
A 3 4 5
3 1 2 1 2 3
3 1 6 4 1 4 5 3 2
3 7 4 5 5 1
21 20 5 46
0 1 2
(iii) Let A 1 0 3
2 3 0
By expanding along the first row, we have:
0 3 1 3 1 0
A 0 1 2
3 0 2 0 2 3
0 1 0 6 2 3 0
1 6 2 3
66 0
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
2 1 2
(iv) Let 0 2 1 .
3 5 0
By expanding along the first column, we have:
2 1 1 2 1 2
A 2 0 3
5 0 5 0 2 1
2 0 5 0 3 1 4
10 15 5
Question 6:
1 1 2
If A 2 1 3 , find A
5 4 9
Solution 6:
1 1 2
Let A 2 1 3 .
5 4 9
By expanding along the first row, we have:
1 1 2
A 2 1 3
5 4 9
1 3 2 3 2 1
A 1 1 2
4 9 5 9 5 4
1 9 12 1 18 15 2 8 5
1 3 1 3 2 3
336
66
0
Question 7:
Find values of X , if
2 4 2x 4 2 3 x 3
(i) (ii)
5 1 6 x 4 5 2x 5
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Solution 7:
2 4 2x 4
(i)
5 1 6 x
2 x1-5 x 4 = 2x x x 6 x 4
2 20 2 x 2 24
2 x2 6
x2 3
x 3
2 3 x 3
(ii)
4 5 2x 5
2 x 5-3 x 4 x x 5-3 x 2x
10 12 5 x 6 x
2 x
x2
Question 8:
x 2 6 2
If , then X is equal to
18 x 18 6
A. 6
B. 6
C. 6
D. 0
Solution 8:
x 2 6 2
18 x 18 6
x 2 36 36 36
x 2 36 0
x 2 36
x6
Hence, the correct answer is B.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Exercise 4.2
Question 1:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:
x a xa
y b y b 0
z c zc
Solution 1:
x a xa x a x x a a
y b y b y b y y b b 00 0
z c zc z c z z c c
Here, the two coloumns of the determinants are identical
Question 2:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:
a -b b -c c -a
b -c c -a a -b 0
c -a a -b b -c
Solution 2:
a -b b -c c-a
b-c c -a a -b
c -a a -b b -c
Applying R1 R1 R2 , we have:
ac ba c b
bc ca a b
a c b a c b
a c ba c b
bc c a a b
a c ba c b
Here, the two rows R1 and R3 are identical.
0.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 3:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:
2 7 65
3 8 75 0
5 9 86
Solution 3:
2 7 65 2 7 63 2
3 8 75 3 8 72 3
5 9 86 5 9 81 5
2 7 63 2 7 2
3 8 72 3 8 3
5 9 81 5 9 5
2 7 9 7
3 8 9 8 0 Two Coloumns are identical
5 9 9 9
2 7 7
9 3 8 8
5 9 9
0 Two Coloumns are identical
Question 4:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:
1 bc a b c
1 ca b c a 0
1 ab c a b
Solution 4:
1 bc a b c
1 ca b c a
1 ab c a b
By applying C3 C3 C2 . We have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 bc ab bc ca
1 ca ab bc ca
1 ab ab bc ca
Here. Two columns C1 and C3 are proportional.
0.
Question 5:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:
bc qr yz a p x
ca r p zx 2 b q y
ab pq x y c r z
Solution 5:
bc qr yz
ca r p zx
ab pq z y
bc qr yz bc qr yz
= ca r p zx ca r p zx
a p x b q y
1 2 say …….(1)
bc qr yz
Now, 1 c a r p zx
a p x
Applying R1 R1 R2 , we have:
b q y
1 c r z
a p x
Applying R1 R3 and R2 R3 , we have:
a p x a p x
1 1 b y b
2
q q y …… (2)
c r z c r z
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 6:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
0 a b
a 0 c 0
b c 0
Solution 6:
We have,
0 a b
a 0 c
b c 0
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
ab ac 0
1
a 0 c
c
b c 0
b c 0
a
a 0 c
c
b c 0
Here, the two rows R1 and R3 are identical.
0.
Question 7:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
a 2 ab ac
ba b 2
bc 4a 2b 2c 2
ca cb c 2
Solution 7:
a 2 ab ac
ba b 2
bc
ca cb c 2
a b c
abc a b c Taking out factors a, b ,c from R1 , R 2 and R 3
a b c
1 1 1
= a b c 1 1 1
2 2 2
Taking out factors a, b ,c from C1 , C2 and C3
1 1 1
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 8:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
1 a a2
(i) 1 b b 2 a b b c c a
1 c c2
1 1 1
(ii) a b c a b b c c a a b c
3 3
a b c3
Solution 8:
1 a a2
(i) Let 1 b b 2
1 c c2
Applying R1 R1 R3 and R2 R2 R3 , we have:
0 a c a2 c2
0 b c b2 c2
1 c c2
0 1 a c
c a b c 0 1 bc
1 c c2
Applying R1 R1 R2 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
0 0 a b
b c c a 0 1 bc
1 c c2
0 0 1
a b b c c a 0 1 b c
1 c c2
Expanding along C1 , we have:
0 1
a b b c c a a b b c c a
1 bc
Hence, the given result is proved.
1 1 1
(ii) Let a b c
a 3 b3 c3
Applying C1 C1 C3 and C2 C2 C3 ,we have:
0 0 1
ac bc c
a c
3 3
b c
3 3
c3
0 0 1
ac bc c
a c a 2 ac c 2 b c b2 bc 2 c3
0 0 1
c a b c 1 1 c
a 2 ac c 2 b 2
bc c 2 c3
Applying C1 C1 C2 , we have:
0 0 1
c a b c 0 1 c
b 2
a 2 bc ac b 2
bc c 2 c3
0 0 1
b c c a a b 0 0 c
a b c b 2
bc c 2 c3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
0 0 1
a b b c c a a b c 0 1 c
1 b 2
bc c 2 c3
Expanding along C1 , we have:
0 1
a b b c c a a b c 1
1 c
a b b c c a a b c
Hence, the given result is proved.
Question 9:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
x x2 yz
y y 2
zx x y y z z x xy yz zx
z z2 xy
Solution 9:
x x2 yz
Let y y 2
zx
2
z z xy
Applying R2 R2 R1 , and R3 R3 R1 , we have:
x x2 yz
yx y2 x2 zx yz
zx z x
2 2
xy yz
x x2 yz
x y x y x y z x y
z x z x z x y z x
x x2 yz
x y z x 1 x y z
1 zy zy
Applying R3 R3 R2 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
x x2 yz
x y z x 1 x y z
1 zy zy
x x2 yz
x y z x z y 1 x y z
0 1 1
Expanding along R3 , we have:
x yz x x2
x y z x z y 1 1
1 z 1 x y
x y z x z y xz yz x 2 xy x 2
x y z x z y xy yz zx
x y y z z x xy yz zx
Hence, the given result is proved.
Question 10:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
x 4 2x 2x
x4 2 x 5 x 4 4 x
2
(i) 2x
2x 2x x4
yk y y
(ii) y yk y k 2 3x k
y y yk
Solution 10:
x 4 2x 2x
(i) 2 x x 4 2 x
2x 2x x 4
Applying R1 R1 R2 R3 , we have:
5x 4 5x 4 5x 4
2x x4 2x
2x 2x x4
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 0 0
5x 4 2 x x4 0
2x 0 x4
Applying C2 C2 C1 , C3 C3 C1 , we have
1 0 0
5x 4 2 x x 4 0
2x 0 x 4
1 0 0
5 x 4 4 x 4 x 2 x 1 0
2x 0 1
Expanding along C3 , we have:
1 0
5 x 4 4 x
2
2x 1
5 x 4 4 x
2
y 0 1
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 11:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
a bc 2a 2a
bca a b c
3
(i) 2b 2b
2c 2c c a b
x y 2z x y
y z 2x 2 x y z
3
(ii) z y
z x z x 2y
Solution 11:
a bc 2a 2a
bca a b c
3
(i) 2b 2b
2c 2c c a b
Applying R1 R1 R2 R3 , we have:
abc abc abc
2b bca 2b
2c 2c c a b
1 1 1
a b c 2b b c a 2b
2c 2c c a b
Applying C2 C2 C1 , C3 C3 C1 ,we have:
1 0 0
a b c 2b a b c 0
2c 0 a b c
1 0 0
a b c 2b 1
3
0
2c 0 1
Expanding along C3 , we have:
a b c 1 1 a b c
3 3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 12:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
1 x x2
x 1 x 3
2
x2 1
x x2 1
Solution 12:
1 x x2
x2 1 x
2
x x 1
Applying R1 R1 R2 R3 ,we have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 x x2 1 x x2 1 x x2
x2 1 x
2
x x 1
Applying C2 C2 C1 and C3 C3 C1 , we have:
1 0 0
1 x x 2 x 2 1 x2 x x2
x x2 x 1 x
1 0 0
1 x x 2
1 x 1 x x 2
1 x x
x x 1
1 0 0
1 x 3
1 x x 2
1 x x
x x 1
Expanding along R1 , we have:
1 x x
1 x3 1 x 1
x 1
1 x 1 x 1 x x
3 2
1 x 1 x
3 3
1 x 3 2
Question 13:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
1 a 2 b2 2ab 2b
1 a 2 b 2
3
2ab 1 a b2 2
2a
2b 2a 1 a 2 b2
Solution 13:
1 a 2 b2 2ab 2b
2ab 1 a 2 b2 2a
2b 2a 1 a 2 b2
Applying R1 R1 bR3 and R2 R2 aR3 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 a 2 b2 0 b 1 a 2 b 2
0 1 a 2 b2 a 1 a 2 b 2
2b 2a 1 a 2 b2
1 0 b
1 a 2 b 2 0 1 a
2b 2a 1 a 2 b 2
Expanding along R1 , we have:
2 1
1 a 2 b 2 1
1 a 0
b
2a 1 a b 2b 2a
2 2
1 a 2 b 2 1 a 2 b 2 2a 2 b 2b
2
1 a 2 b 2 1 a 2 b 2
2
1 a 2 b 2
3
Question 14:
By using properties of determinants, show that:
a2 1 ab ac
ab b 1
2
bc 1 a 2 b 2 c 2
ca cb c2 1
Solution 14:
a2 1 ab ac
ab b 12
bc
ca cb c 12
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 15:
Choose the correct answer.
Let A be a square matrix of order 3 x 3 , then kA is equal to
k A
A. k 2 A
B. k 3 A
C. 3k A
Solution 15:
Answer: C
A is a square matrix of order 3 x 3 .
a1 b1 c1
Let A a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 16:
Which of the following is correct?
A. Determinant is a square matrix.
B. Determinant is a number associated to a matrix.
C. Determinant is a number associated to a square matrix.
D. None of these.
Solution 16:
Answer: C
We know that to every square matrix, A aij of order n . We can associate a number called the
determinant of square matrix A , where aij i, j element of A .
th
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Exercise 4.3
Question 1:
Find area of the triangle with vertices at the point given in each of the following:
(i) 1, 0 , 6, 0 , 4, 3 (ii) 2, 7 , 1,1 , 10,8
(iii) 2, 3 , 3, 2 , 1, 8
Solution 1:
(i) The area of the triangle with vertices 1, 0 , 6, 0 , 4, 3 is given by the relation,
1 0 1
1
6 0 1
2
4 3 1
1
1 0 3 0 6 4 118 0
2
1 15
3 18 square units
2 2
(ii) The area of the triangle with vertices 2, 7 , 1,1 , 10,8 is given by the relation,
2 7 1
1
1 1 1
2
10 8 1
1
2 1 8 7 1 10 1 8 10
2
1
2 7 7 9 1 2
2
1 1
14 63 2 16 63
2 2
47
square units
2
(iii) The area of the triangle with vertices 2, 3 , 3, 2 , 1, 8 is given by the relation,
2 3 1
1
3 2 1
2
1 8 1
1
2 2 8 3 3 1 1 24 2
2
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1
2 10 3 4 1 22
2
1
20 12 22
2
30
15
2
Hence, the area of the triangle is 15 15 square units
Question 2:
Show that points
A a, b c , B b, c a , C c, a b are collinear
Solution 2:
Area of ABC is given by the relation,
a bc 1
1
b ca 1
2
c ab 1
a bc 1
1
ba a b 0 (Applying R2 R2 R1 and R3 R3 R1 )
2
ca ac 0
a bc 1
1
a b c a 1 1 0
2
1 1 0
a bc 1
1
a b c a 1 1 0 (Applying R3 R3 R2 )
2
0 0 0
0 (All elements of R3 are 0)
Thus, the area of the triangle formed by points A, B and C is zero.
Hence, the points A, B and C are collinear.
Question 3:
Find values of k if area of triangle is 4 square units and vertices are
(i) k , 0 , 4, 0 , 0, 2 (ii) 2, 0 , 0, 4 , 0, k
Solution 3:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
We know that the area of a triangle whose vertices are x1 , y1 , x2 , y2 and x3 , y3 is the absolute
value of the determinant , where
x1 y1 1
1
x2 y2 1
2
x3 y3 1
It is given that the area of triangle is 4 square units.
4.
(i) The area of the triangle with vertices k , 0 , 4, 0 , 0, 2 is given by the relation,
k 0 1
1
4 0 1
2
0 2 1
1
k 0 2 0 4 0 1 8 0
2
1
2 k 8 k 4
2
k 4 4
When k 4 4, k 8.
When k 4 4, k 0.
Hence, k 0 , 8 .
(ii) The area of the triangle with vertices 2, 0 , 0, 4 , 0, k is given by the relation,
2 0 1
1
0 4 1
2
0 k 1
1
2 4 k
2
k 4
k 4 4
When k 4 4, k 0.
When k 4 4, k 8.
Hence, k 0 , 8 .
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 4:
(i) Find equation of line joining 1, 2 and 3, 6 using determinates
(ii) Find equation of line joining 3,1 and 9, 3 using determinants
Solution 4:
(i) Let P x, y be any point on the line joining points A 1, 2 and B 3, 6 . Then, the points A, B and
P are collinear. Therefore, the area of triangle ABP will be zero.
1 2 1
1
3 6 1 0
2
x y 1
1
1 6 y 2 3 x 1 3 y 6 x 0
2
6 y 6 2x 3y 6x 0
2 y 4x 0
y 2x
Hence, the equation of the line joining the given points is y 2 x .
(ii) Let P x, y be any point on the line joining points A 3,1 and
B 9,3 . Then, the points A, B and P are collinear. Therefore, the area of the triangle ABP will be zero.
3 1 1
1
9 3 1 0
2
x y 1
1
3 3 y 1 9 x 1 9 y 3 x 0
2
9 3 y 9 x 9 y 3x 0
6 y 2x 0
x 3y 0
Hence, the equation of the line joining the given points is x 3 y 0.
Question 5:
If the area of triangle is 35 square units with vertices 2, 6 , 5, 4 and k , 4 . Then k is
A. 12
B. -2
C. -12, -2
D. 12, -2
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Solution 5:
Answer: D
The area of the triangle with vertices 2, 6 , 5, 4 and k , 4 is given by the relation,
2 6 1
1
5 4 1
2
k 4 1
1
2 4 4 6 5 k 1 20 4k
2
1
30 6k 20 4k
2
1
50 10k
2
25 5k
It is given that the area of the triangle id 35 .
Therefore, we have:
25-5k= 35
5(5-k)= 35
5-k= 7
When 5 k 7, k 5 7 12.
When 5 k 7, k 5 7 2.
Hence, k 12, 2.
The correct answer is D.
Exercise 4.4
Question 1:
Write Minors and Cofactors of the elements of following determinants:
2 4 a c
(i) (ii)
0 3 b d
Solution 1:
2 4
(i) The given determinant is .
0 3
Minor of element aij is M ij .
M11 = minor of element a11 3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
a c
(ii) The given determinant is .
b d
Minor of element aij is M ij .
M11 = minor of element a11 d
M12 = minor of element a12 b
M21 = minor of element a21 c
M22 = minor of element a22 a
Cofactor of aij is Aij 1
i j
M ij .
A11 1 M11 1 d d
11 2
Question 2:
1 0 0 1 0 4
(i) 0 1 0 (ii) 3 5 1
0 0 1 0 1 2
Solution 2:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 0 0
(i) The given determinant is 0 1 0
0 0 1
By the definition of minors and cofactors, we have:
1 0
M11 minor of a11 1
0 1
0 0
M12 minor of a12 0
0 1
0 1
M13 minor of a13 0
0 0
0 0
M 21 minor of a21 0
0 1
1 0
M 22 minor of a22 1
0 1
1 0
M 23 minor of a23 0
0 0
0 0
M31 minor of a31 0
1 0
1 0
M32 minor of a32 0
0 0
1 0
M33 minor of a33 1
0 1
A11 cofactor of a11 1
11
M11 1
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 3:
5 3 8
Using Cofactors of elements of second row, evaluate 2 0 1
1 2 3
Solution 3:
5 3 8
The given determinant is 2 0 1
1 2 3
We have:
3 8
M 21 9 16 7
2 3
A 21 cofactor of a21 1
2 1
M 21 7
5 8
M 22 15 8 7
1 3
A22 cofactor of a22 1
2 2
M 22 7
5 3
M 23 10 3 7
1 2
A 23 cofactor of a23 1
23
M23 7
We know that is equal to the sum of the product of the elements of the second row with their
corresponding cofactors.
a21A 21 a22 A 22 a33 A 33 2 7 0 7 1 7 14 7 7
Question 4:
1 x yz
Using Cofactors of elements of third column, evaluate 1 y zx
1 z xy
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Solution 4:
1 x yz
The given determinant is 1 y zx
1 z xy
We have:
1 y
M13 zy
1 z
1 x
M 23 zx
1 z
1 x
M33 yx
1 y
A13 cofactor of a13 1 M13 z y
1 3
We know that is equal to the sum of the product of the elements of the second row with their
corresponding cofactors.
a13 A13 a23 A 23 a33 A 33
yz z y zx x z xy y x
yz 2 y 2 z x 2 z xz 2 xy 2 x 2 y
x 2 z y 2 z yz 2 xz 2 xy 2 x 2 y
z x 2 y 2 z 2 y x xy y x
z x y x y z 2 y x xy y x
x y zx zy z 2 xy
x y z x z y z x
x y z x z y
x y y z z x
Hence, = x - y y z z x .
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 5:
For the matrices A and B , verify that AB B' A' where
'
1 0
(i) A 4 , B 1 2 1 (ii) A 1 , B 1 5 7
3 2
Solution 5:
1 1 2 1
(i) AB 4 1 2 1 4 8 4
3 3 6 3
1 4 3
AB ' 2 8 6
1 4 3
1
'
Now, A 1 4 3 , B 2
'
1
1 1 4 3
'
B A 2 1 4 3 2 8 6
'
1 1 4 3
0 0 0 0
(ii) AB 1 1 5 7 1 5 7
2 2 10 14
0 1 2
AB 0 5 10
'
0 7 14
1
Now, A' 0 1 2 , B ' 5
7
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 0 1 2
'
B A 5 0 1 2 0 5 10
'
7 0 7 14
Exercise 4.5
Question 1:
1 2
Find adjoint of each of the matrices.
3 4
Solution 1:
1 2
Let A
3 4
We have,
A11 4, A12 3, A13 2, A22 1
A A21 4 2
adjA 11
A12 A22 3 1
Question 2:
1 1 2
Find adjoint of each of the matrices 2 3 5
2 0 1
Solution 2:
1 1 2
Let A 2 3 5 .
2 0 1
We have,
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
3 5
A11 30 3
0 1
2 5
A12 2 10 12
2 1
2 3
A13 06 6
2 0
1 2
A21 1 0 1
0 1
1 2
A22 1 4 5
2 1
1 1
A23 0 2 2
2 0
1 2
A31 5 6 11
2 5
1 2
A32 5 4 1
2 5
1 1
A33 3 2 5
2 3
A11 A21 A31 3 1 11
Hence, adjA A12 A22 A32 12 5 1
A13 A23 A33 6 2 5
Question 3:
2 3
Verify A adi A adj A A A I .
4 6
Solution 3:
2 3
A
4 6
We have,
A 12 12 12 12 0
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 0 0 0
A I 0
0 1 0 0
Now,
A11 6, A12 4, A21 3, A22 2,
6 3
adj A=
4 2
Now,
2 3 6 3
A adj A
4 6 4 2
12 12 6 6 0 0
24 24 12 12 0 0
6 3 2 3
Also, adj A A
4 2 4 6
12 12 18 18 0 0
88 12 12 0 0
Hence, A adj A adj A A A I .
Question 4:
1 1 2
Verify A adj A adj A A A I 3 0 2
1 0 3
Solution 4:
1 1 2
A 3 0 2
1 0 3
A 1 0 0 1 9 2 2 0 0 11
1 0 0 11 0 0
A I 11 0 1 0 0 11 0
0 0 1 0 0 11
Now,
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 6:
1 5
Find the inverse of each of the matrices (if it exists).
3 2
Solution 6:
1 5
Let A
3 2
We have,
A 2 15 13
Now,
A11 2, A12 3, A21 5, A22 1
2 5
adjA
3 1
1 1 2 5
A1 adjA
A 13 3 1
Question 7:
1 2 3
Find the inverse of each of the matrices (if it exists). 0 2 4
0 0 5
Solution 7:
1 2 3
Let A 0 2 4
0 0 5
We have,
A 110 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 10
Now,
A11 10 0, A12 0 0 0, A13 0 0 0
A21 10 0 10, A22 5 0 5, A23 0 0 0
A31 8 6 2, A32 4 0 4, A33 2 0 2
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
10 10 2
adjA 0 5 4
0 0 2
10 10 2
1
5 4
1 1
A adjA 0
A 10
0 0 2
Question 8:
1 0 0
Find the inverse of each of the matrices (if it exists). 3 3 0
5 2 1
Solution 8:
1 0 0
Let A= 3 3 0
5 2 1
We have,
A 1 3 0 0 0 3
Now,
A11 3 0 3, A12 3 0 3, A13 6 15 9
A22 0 0 0, A22 1 0 1, A22 2 0 2
A31 0 0 0, A32 0 0 0, A33 3 0 3
3 0 0
adjA 3 1 0
9 2 3
3 0 0
adjA 3 1 0
1 1 1
A
A 3
9 2 3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 9:
2 1 3
Find the inverse of each of the matrices (if it exists). 4 1 0
7 2 1
Solution 9:
2 1 3
Let A 4 1 0
7 2 1
We have,
A 2 1 0 1 4 0 3 8 7
2 1 1 4 3 1
2 4 3
3
Now,
A11 1 0 1, A12 4 0 4, A13 8 7 1
A22 1 6 5, A22 2 21 23, A23 4 7 11
A31 0 3 3, A22 0 12 12, A33 2 4 6
1 5 3
adjA 4 23 12
1 11 6
1 5 3
adjA 4 23 12
1 1 1
A
A 3
1 11 6
Question 10:
1 1 2
Find the inverse of each of the matrices (if it exists). 0 2 3
3 2 4
Solution 10:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 1 2
Let A 0 2 3
3 2 4
By expanding along C1, we have:
A 1 8 6 0 3 3 4 2 3 1
Now,
A11 8 6 2, A12 0 9 9, A13 0 6 6
A21 4 4 0, A22 4 6 2, A23 2 3 1
A31 3 4 1, A32 3 0 3, A33 2 0 2
2 0 1
adjA 9 2 3
6 1 2
2 0 1 2 0 1
adjA 1 9 2 3 9 2 3
1
A1
A
6 1 2 6 1 2
Question 11:
1 0 0
Find the inverse of each of the matrices (if it exists). 0 cos a sin a
0 sin a cos a
Solution 11:
1 0 0
Let A 0 cos a sin a a
0 sin a cos a
We have,
A 1 cos 2 a sin 2 a cos 2 a sin 2 a 1
Now,
A11 cos 2 a sin 2 a 1, A12 0, A13 0
A21 0, A22 cos a, A23 sin a
A31 0, A32 sin a, A33 cos a
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 0 0
adjA 0 cos a sin a
0 sin a cos a
1 0 0 1 0 0
adjA 1 0 cos a sin a 0 cos a sin a
1 1
A
A
0 sin a cos a 0 sin a cos a
Question 12:
3 7 6 8
.Verify that AB B 1 A1
1
Let A and B
2 5 7 9
Solution 12:
3 7
Let A
2 5
We have,
A 15 14 1
Now,
A11 5, A12 2, A21 7, A22 3
5 7
adjA
2 3
1 5 7
A1 adjA
A 2 3
6 8
Now, let B
7 9
We have,
B 54 56 2
9 8
adjB
7 6
9
4
1 1 1 9 8 2
B adjB
2 7 6 7
3
B
2
Now,
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
9
1 1
2 4
5 7
B A
2 3
7 3
2
45 63 61 87
2 8 2 12 2 2
……(1)
35 6 49 9 47 67
2 2 2 2
Then,
3 7 6 8
AB
2 5 7 9
18 49 24 63
12 35 16 45
67 87
47 61
Therefore, we have AB 67x61-87x47=4087-4089=-2.
Also,
61 87
adj AB
47 67
1 1 61 87
AB adj AB
1
AB 2 47 67
61 87
2 2
…….(2)
47 67
2 2
From (1) and (2), we have:
AB
1
B 1 A1
Hence, the given result is proved.
Question 13:
3 1 1
If A ,show that A 5 A 71 O . Hence find A
2
1 2
Solution 13:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
3 1
A
1 2
3 1 3 1 9 1 3 2 8 5
A2 A A
1 2 1 2 3 2 1 4 5 3
A2 5 A 71
8 5 3 1 1 0
5 7
5 3 1 2 0 1
8 5 15 5 7 0
5 3 5 10 0 7
7 0 7 0 0 0
0 7 0 7 0 0
Hence A2 5 A 71 O.
A A 5 A 71
A A A1 5 AA1 71A1 Post-multiplying by A1as A 0
A AA1 5 I 7 A1
AI 5 I 7 A1
1
A1 A 5I
7
1
A1 5I A
7
1 5 0 3 1 1 2 1
7 0 5 1 2 7 1 3
1 2 1
A1
7 1 3
Question 14:
3 2
For the matrix A .find the number a and b such that A2 aA bI 0 .
1 1
Solution 14:
3 2
A
1 1
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
3 2 3 2 9 2 6 2 11 8
A2
1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 3
Now,
A2 aA bI O
AA A1 aAA1 bIA1 O Post-multiplying by A1as A 0
A AA1 aI b IA1 O
AI aI bA1 O
A aI bA1
1
A1 A aI
b
Now,
1 1 1 2 1 2
A1 adjA
A 1 1 3 1 3
We have:
3 a 2
1 2
1 3 2 a 0 1 3 a 2 b b
1 3
b 1 1 0 a b 1 1 a 1 1 a
b b
Comparing the corresponding elements of the two matrices, we have:
1
1 b 1
b
3 a
1 3 a a 4
b
Hence, 4 and 1 are the required values of a and b respectively.
Question 15:
1 1 1
For the matrix A 1 2 3 show that A3 6 A2 5 A 11 I 0. Hence, A1.
2 1 3
Solution 15:
1 1 1
A 1 2 3
2 1 3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 1 1 1 1 1
A2 1 2 3 1 2 3
2 1 3 2 1 3
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 1
1 2 6 1 4 3 1 6 9 3 8 14
2 1 6 2 2 3 2 3 9 7 3 14
4 2 1 1 1 1
3 2
A A A 3 8 14 1 2 3
7 3 14 2 1 3
422 4 4 1 463
3 8 28 3 16 14 3 24 42
7 3 28 7 6 14 7 9 42
8 7 1
23 27 69
32 13 58
A3 6 A2 5 A 11I
8 7 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
23 27 69 6 3 8 14 5 1 2 3 11 0 1 0
32 13 58 7 3 14 2 1 3 0 0 1
8 7 1 24 12 6 5 5 5 11 0 0
23 27 69 18 48 84 5 10 15 0 11 0
32 13 58 42 18 84 2 5 15 0 0 11
24 12 6 24 12 6
18 48 84 18 48 84
42 18 84 42 18 84
0 0 0
0 0 0 O
0 0 0
Thus,A2 6 A2 5 A 11I O.
Now,
A3 6 A2 5 A 11I O.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
A1
1
11
A2 6 A 5 I …..(1)
Now,
A2 6 A 5 I
4 2 1 1 11 1 0 0
3 8 14 6 1 2
3 5 0 1 0
7 3 14 2 1 3 0 0 1
4 2 1 6 6 6 5 0 0
3 8 14 6 12 18 0 5 0
7 3 14 12 6 18 0 0 5
9 2 1 6 6 6
3 13 14 6 12 18
7 3 19 12 6 18
3 4 5
9 1 4
5 3 1
From equation (1), we have:
3 4 5 3 4 5
A 9 1 4 9 1 4
1 1 1
11 11
5 3 1 5 3 1
Question 16:
2 1 1
If A 1 2 1 verify that A3 6 A2 9 A 4 I O and hence find A1
1 1 2
Solution 16:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
2 1 1
A 1 2 1
1 1 2
2 1 1 2 1 1
A 1 2 1 1 2 1
2
1 1 2 1 1 2
4 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 1 1 4 1 1 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 4
6 5 5
5 6 5
5 5 6
6 5 5 2 1 1
A A A 5 6 5 1 2 1
3 2
5 5 6 1 1 2
12 5 5 6 10 5 6 5 10
10 6 5 5 12 5 5 6 10
10 5 6 5 10 6 5 5 12
22 21 21
21 22 21
21 21 22
Now,
A3 6 A2 9 A 4 I
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
22 21 21 6 5 5 2 1 1 1 0 0
21
22 21 6 5
6 5 9 1
2 1 4 0 1 0
21 21 22 5 5 6 1 1 2 0 0 1
22 21 21 36 30 30 18 9 9 4 0 0
21 22 21 30 36 30 9 18 9 0 4 0
21 21 22 30 30 36 9 9 18 0 0 4
40 30 30 40 30 30 0 0 0
30 40 30 30 40 30 0 0 0
30 30 40 30 30 40 0 0 0
A3 6 A2 9 A 4 I O
Now,
A3 6 A2 9 A 4 I 0
AAA A1 6 AA1 9 AA1 4 IA1 0 Post-multiplying by A1as A 0
4
1 1 3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 17:
Let A be nonsingular square matrix of order 3 x 3 . Then adjA is equal to
A. A
2
B. A
3
C. A
D. 3 A
Solution 17:
We know that,
A 0 0
adjA A A I 0 A 0
0 0 A
A 0 0
adjA A 0 A 0
0 0 A
1 0 0
adjA A A 0 1 0 A I
3 3
0 0 1
adjA A
2
Question 18:
If A is an invertible matrix of order 2, then det A1 is equal to
A. det A
1
B.
det A
C. 1
D. 0
Solution 18:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1
Since A is an invertible matrix, A1 exists and A1 adjA.
A
a b
As matrix A is of order 2, let A .
c d
d b
Then, A ad bc and adjA .
c a
Now,
d b
A A
1
A 1 adjA
A c a
A A
d b
A A
A1 1 d b 1 ad bc 1 A 1
c a A2 c a A2 A2 A
A A
det A1
1
det A
Hence, the correct answer is B.
Exercise 4.6
Question 1:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations.
x 2y 2
2x 3y 3
Solution 1:
The given system of equations is:
x 2y 2
2x 3y 3
The given system of equations can be written in the form of AX B, where
1 2 2 2
A , X and B .
2 3 3 3
Now,
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
A 1 3 2 2 3 4 1 0
A is non-singular.
Therefore, A1 exists.
Hence, the given system of equations is consistent.
Question 2:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations.
2x y 5
x y 4
Solution 2:
The given system of equations is:
2x y 5
x y 4
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
2 1 x 5
A , X and B .
1 1 z 4
A 2 1 11 2 1 3 0
A is non-singular.
Therefore, A1 exists.
Hence, the given system of equations is consistent.
Question 3:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations.
x 3y 5
2x 6 y 8
Solution 3:
The given system of equations is:
x 3y 5
2x 6 y 8
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B , where
1 3 x 5
A , X and B .
2 6 y 8
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Now,
A 1 6 3 2 6 6 0
A is a singular matrix.
6 3
adjA
2 1
6 3 5 30 24 6
adjA B 0
2 1 8 10 8 2
Thus, the solution of the given system of equations does not exists, Hence, the given system of equations
is inconsistent.
Question 4:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations.
x y z 1
2x 3y 2z 2
ax ay 2az 4
Solution 4:
The given system of equations is:
x y z 1
2x 3y 2z 2
ax ay 2az 4
The system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
1 1 1 x 1
A 2 3 2 , X y and B 2 .
a a 2a z 4
Now,
A 1 6a 2a 1 4a 2a 1 2a 3a
= 4a 2a a 4a 3a a 0
A is a non-singular matrix.
Therefore, A1 exists.
Hence, the given system of equation is consistent.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 5:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations.
3x y 2 z 2
2 y z 1
3x 5 y 3
Solution 5:
The given system of equation is:
3x y 2 z 2
2 y z 1
3x 5 y 3
This system of equations can be written in the form of Ax B , where
3 1 2 x 2
A 0 2 1 , X y and B 1
3 5 0 z 3
Now,
A 3 5 0 3 1 4 15 15 0
A is a singular matrix.
Now,
5 10 5
adjA 3 6 3
6 12 6
5 10 5 2 10 10 15 5
adjA B 3 6 3 1 6 6 9 3 O
6 12 6 3 12 12 18 6
Thus, the solution of the given system of equation does not exist. Hence, the system of equations
is inconsistent.
Question 6:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations.
5x y 4z 5
2 x 3 y 5z 2
5 x 2 y 6 z 1
Solution 6:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 7:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
5x 2 y 4
7x 3y 5
Solution 7:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B , where
5 2 x 4
A , X and B .
7 3 y 5
Now A =15-14=1 0
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
1
A1 adjA
A
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
3 2
A1
7 5
3 2 4
X A1 B
7 5 5
x 12 10 2
y 28 25 3
Hence, x 2 and y 3 .
Question 8:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
2 x y 2
3x 4 y 3
Solution 8:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
2 1 x 2
A , X and B .
3 4 y 3
Now,
Now A =8+3=11 0
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
1 1 4 1
A1 adjA
A 11 3 2
1 4 1 2
X A1B
11 3 2 3
5
x 1 8 3 1 5 11
y 11 6 6 11 12 12
11
5 12
Hence, x and y .
11 11
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 9:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
4x 3 y 3
3x 5 y 7
Solution 9:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
4 3 x 3
A , X and B
3 5 y 7
Now,
A 20 9 11 0
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
1 1 5 3 1 5 3
A1 adjA
A 11 3 4 11 3 4
1 5 3 3
X A1B
11 3 4 7
6
x 1 5 3 3 1 15 21 1 6 11
y 11 3 4 7 11 9 28 11 19 19
11
6 19
Hence, x and y
11 11
Question 10:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
5x 2 y 3
3x 2 y 5
Solution 10:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
5 2 x 3
A
, X and B 5 .
3 2 y
Now,
A 10 6 4 0
Thus A is non-singular, Therefore, its inverse exists.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 11:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
2x y z 1
3
x 2y z
2
3 y 5z 9
Solution 11:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
1
2 1 1 x 3
A 1 2 1 , X y and B .
2
0 3 5 z 9
Now,
A 2 10 3 1 5 3 0 2 13 1 8 26 8 34 0
Thus A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
A11 13, A12 5, A13 3
A21 8, A22 10, A23 6
A31 1, A32 3, A33 5
13 8 1
1
5 10 3
1
A adjA
1
A 34
3 16 5
1
13 8 1
X A1 B 5 10 3
1 3
34 2
3 6 5
9
x 13 12 9
y
1
5 15 27
34
z 3 9 45
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1
34
17
1 1
34 2
51
3
2
1 3
Hence, x 1 , y , and z .
2 2
Question 12:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
x yz 4
2 x y 3z 0
x yz 2
Solution 12:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
1 1 1 x 4
A 2 1 3 , X y and B 0 .
1 1 1 z 2
Now,
A 11 3 1 2 3 1 2 1 4 5 1 10 0
Thus A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
A11 4, A12 5, A13 1
A21 2, A22 0, A23 2
A31 2, A32 5, A33 3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
4 2 2
A1 adjA 5 0 5
1 1
A 10
1 2 3
4 2 2 4
1
1
X A B 5 0 5 0
10
1 2 3 2
x 16 0 4
y 20 0 10
1
10
z 4 0 6
20
10
1
10
10
2
1
1
Hence, x 2 , y 1 and z 1.
Question 13:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
2 x 3 y 3z 5
x 2 y z 4
3x y 2 z 3
Solution 13:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
A 2 4 1 3 2 3 3 1 6 2 5 3 5 3 5 10 15 15 40 0
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
A11 5, A12 5, A13 5
A21 3, A22 13, A23 11
A31 9, A32 1, A33 7
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
5 3 9
1 1
A adjA
1
5 13 1
A 40
5 11 7
5 3 9 5
1
X A B 1
5 13 1 4
40
5 11 7 3
x 25 12 27
y 1
25 52 3
40
z 25 44 21
40
1
80
40
40
1
2
1
Question 14:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
x y 2z 7
3x 4 y 5 z 5
2 x y 3z 12
Solution 14:
The given system of equation can be written in the form of AX B ,where
1 1 2 x 7
A 3 4 5 , X y and B 5 .
2 1 3 z 12
Now,
A 112 5 1 9 10 2 3 8 7 19 22 4 0
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 16 :
The cost of 4 Kg onion, 3kg wheat and 2kg rice is Rs 60. The cost of 2 kg oninon, 4 kg wheat
and 6kg rice is Rs 90. The cost of 6 kg onion 2 kg wheat and 3 kg rice is rs 70.
Find cost of each item per kg by matrix method
Solution 16:
Let the cost of onions, wheat and rice per kg be Rs X , Rs Y and Rs Z respectively.
Then, the given situation can be represented by a system of equations as:
4 x 3 y 2 z 60
2 x 4 y 6 z 90
6 x 2 y 3 z 70
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
4 3 2 x 60
A 2 4 6 , X y and B 90 .
6 2 3 z 70
A 4 12 12 3 6 36 2 4 24 0 90 40 50 0
Now,
A11 0, A12 30, A13 20
A21 5, A22 0, A23 10
A31 10, A32 20, A33 10
0 5 10
adjA 30 0 20
20 10 10
0 5 10
1
A1 adjA 30 0 20
1
A 50
20 10 10
Now,
X A1B
0 5 10 60
1
X 30 0 20 90
50
20 10 10 70
x 0 450 700
y 1800 0 1400
1
50
z 1200 900 700
250
1
400
50
400
5
8
8
x 5, y 8, and z 8
Hence, the cost of onions is Rs 5 per kg, the cost of wheat is Rs 8 per kg, and the cost of rice is Rs 8 per
kg.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Miscellaneous Solutions
Question 1:
x sin cos
Prove that the determinant sin x 1 is independent of .
cos 1 x
Solution 1:
x sin cos
sin x 1
cos 1 x
x x 2 1 sin x sin cos cos sin x cos
x3 x x sin 2 sin cos sin cos x cos 2
x3 x x sin 2 cos2
x3 x x
x 3 Independent of
Hence, is independent of .
Question 2:
Without expanding the determinant, prove that
a a 2 bc 1 a 2 a 3
b b 2 ca 1 b 2 b3
c c 2 ab 1 c 2 c3
Solution 2:
a a2 bc
L.H .S . b b 2
ca
2
c c ab
a2 a3 abc
1 2
b b 3
abc R1 aR1 , R2 bR2 , andR 3 cR3
abc 2
c c3 abc
a2 a3 1
1
abc b 2 b3 1 Taking out factor abc from C3
abc
c2 c 3
1
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
a2 a3 1
b2 b3 1
c2 c3 1
1 a2 a3
1 b2 b3 Applying C1 C3and C2 C3
1 c2 c3
=R.H.S.
Hence, the given result is proved.
Question 3:
cos cos cos c sin sin
Evaluate sin cos 0
sin cos sin sin cos
Solution 3:
cos cos cos c sin sin
sin cos 0
sin cos sin sin cos
Expanding along C3 , we have:
sin sin sin 2 cos 2 sin a cos cos cos 2 cos sin 2
sin 2 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2
sin 2 1 cos 2 1
1
Question 4:
bc ca ab
If a, b and c are real numbers, and c a a b b c 0
ab bc ca
Show that either a b c 0 or a b c.
Solution 4:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
a b b c c a 0
2 2
a b 2 , b c 2 , c a 2 are non-negative
a b b c c a 0
a bc
Hence, if 0 , then either a b c 0 or a b c.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 5:
xa x x
Solve the equations x xa x 0, a 0
x x xa
Solution 5:
xa x x
x xa x 0
x x xa
Applying R1 R1 R2 R3 , we get:
3x a 3x a 3x a
x xa x 0
x x xa
1 1 1
3x a x xa x 0
x x xa
Applying C2 C2 C1 and C3 C3 C1 , we have:
1 1 1
3x a x a x 0
x x a
Expanding along R1 , we have:
3x a 1xa 2 0
a 2 3x a 0
But a 0 .
Therefore, we have:
3x a 0
a
x
3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 6:
a2 bc ac c 2
Prove that a 2 ab b2 ac 4a 2 b 2 c 2
ab b 2 bc c2
Solution 6:
a2 bc ac c 2
a 2 ab b2 ac
ab b bc
2
c2
Taking out common factors a, b and c from C1 , C2 ,and C3 , we have:
a c ac
abc a b b a
b bc c
Applying R2 R2 R1 and R3 R3 R1 , we have:
a c ac
abc b bc c
ba b a
Applying R2 R2 R1 , we have:
a c ac
abc a b b a
ba b a
Applying R3 R3 R2 , we have:
a c ac
abc a b b a
2b 2b 0
a c ac
2ab c a b b
2
a
1 1 0
Applying C2 C2 C1 , we have:
a ca ac
2ab c a b
2
a a
1 0 0
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 7:
1 2 1
Let A 2 3 1 verify that
1 1 5
adjA adj A1
1
(i)
1
(ii) A1 A
Solution 7:
1 2 1
A 2 3 1
1 1 5
A 115 1 2 10 1 1 2 3 14 22 5 13
A11 14, A12 11, A13 5
Now, A21 11, A22 4, A23 3
A31 5, A32 3, A33 1
14 11 5
adjA 11 4 3
5 3 1
1
A1 adjA
A
14 11 5 14 11 5
11 4 3 11 4 3
1 1
13 13
5 3 1 5 3 1
(i)
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
adjA
1 1
adjA
adj adjA
13 26 13
1
26 39 13
169
13 13 65
1 2 1
2 3 1
1
13
1 1 5
14 11 5
13 13 13
14 11 5
1 1 11 4 3
Now, A 11 4 3
13 3 13 13
5 3 1
5 3 1
13 13 3
4 9 11 15 33 20
169 169
169 169
169 169
adj A1
11 15 14 25 42 55
169 169 169 169 169 169
33 20 42 55 56 121
169 169 169 169 169 169
13 26 13 1 2 1
1
26 39 13 2 3 1
1
169 13
13 13 65 1 1 5
Hence, adjA adj A1 .
1
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 2 1
And adjA 2 3 1
1 1
13
1 1 5
Now,
3 3
1 1 1
A 14 x -13 11x -26 5 x -13 x -169
1
13 13 13
1 2 1 1 2 1
adjA1
x 2 3 1 2 3 1 A
1
A
1 1
A1
1 13
1 1 5 1 1 5
13
A1 A
1
Question 8:
x y x y
Evaluate y x y x
x y x y
Solution 8:
x y x y
y x y x
x y x y
Applying R1 R1 R2 R3 , we have:
2 x y 2 x y 2 x y
y x y x
x y x y
1 1 1
2 x y y x y x
x y x y
Applying C2 C2 C1 and C3 C3 C1 , we have:
1 0 0
2 x y y x x y
x y y x
Expanding along R1 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
2 x y x 2 y x y
2 x y x 2 y 2 yx
2 x3 y 3
Question 9:
1 x y
Evaluate 1 x y y
1 x x y
Solution 9:
1 x y
1 x y y
1 x x y
Applying R2 R2 R1 and R3 R3 R1 , we have:
1 x y
0 y 0
0 0 x
Expanding along C1 , we have:
1 xy 0 xy
Question 10:
Using properties of determinants, prove that:
2
2
2
Solution 10:
2
2
2
Applying R2 R2 R1 and R3 R3 R1 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
2
2 2
2 2
2
1 1
1 1
Applying R3 R3 R2 , we have:
2
1 1
0 0
Expanding along R3 , we have:
Hence, the given result is proved.
Question 11:
Using properties of determinants, prove that:
x x 2 1 px3
y y 2 1 py 3 1 pxyz x y y z z x
z z2 1 pz 3
Solution 11:
x x 2 1 px 3
y y 2 1 py 3
z z2 1 pz 3
Applying R2 R2 R1 and R3 R3 R1 , we have:
x x2 1 px3
yx y 2 x2 p y 3 x3
zx z 2 x2 p z 3 x3
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
x x2 1 px3
y x z x 1 yx p y 2 x 2 xy
1 zx p z 2 x 2 xz
Applying R3 R3 R2 , we have:
x x2 1 px3
y x z x 1 yx p y 2 x 2 xy
0 zy p z y x y z
x x2 1 px3
y x z x z y 1 yx p y 2 x 2 xy
0 1 p x y z
Expanding along R3 , we have:
Question 12:
Using properties of determinants, prove that:
3a a b a c
b a 3b b c 3 a b c ab ba ca
c a c b 3c
Solution 12:
3a a b a c
b a 3b b c
c a c b 3c
Applying C1 C1 C2 C3 . We have:
a b c a b a c
abc 3b b c
abc c b 3c
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 a b a c
a b c 1 3b b c
1 c b 3c
Applying R2 R2 R1 and R3 R3 R1 ,we have:
1 a b a c
a b c 0 2b a a b
0 ac 2c a
Expanding along C1 , we have:
a b c 2b a 2c a a b a c
a b c 4bc 2ab 2ac a 2 a 2 ac ba bc
a b c 3ab 3bc 3ac
3 a b c ab bc ca
Hence, the given result is proved.
Question 13:
Using properties of determinants, prove this:
1 1 p 1 p q
2 3 2p 4 3 p 2q 1
3 6 3 p 10 6 p 3q
Solution 13:
1 1 p 1 p q
2 3 2p 4 3 p 2q
3 6 3 p 10 6 p 3q
Applying R2 R2 2R1 and R3 R3 3R1 , we have:
1 1 p 1 p q
0 1 2 p
0 3 7 3p
Applying R3 R3 3R2 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 1 p 1 p q
0 1 2 p
0 0 1
Expanding along C1 , we have:
1 2 p
1 11 0 1
0 1
Question 14:
Using properties of determinants, prove that:
sin cos cos
sin cos cos 0
sin cos cos
Solution 14:
sin cos cos
sin cos cos
sin cos cos
sin sin cos cos cos cos sin sin
1
sin sin cos cos cos cos sin sin
sin cos
sin sin cos cos cos cos sin sin
Applying C1 C1 C3 , we have:
cos cos cos cos cos cos sin sin
1
cos cos cos cos cos cos sin sin
sin cos
cos cos cos cos cos cos sin sin
Here, two columns C1 and C2 are identical.
0
Hence, the given result is proved.
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
Question 15:
Solve the system of the following equations
2 3 10
4
x y z
4 6 5
1
x y z
6 9 20
2
x y z
Solution 15:
1 1 1
Let p, q, r .
x y z
Then the given system of equations is as follows:
2 p 3q 10r 4
4 p 6 q 5r 1
6 p 9q 20r 2
This system can be written in the form of AX B , where
2 3 10 p 4
A 4 6 5 , X q and B 1 .
6 9 20 r 2
Now,
A 2 120 45 3 80 30 10 36 36
150 330 720
1200
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
A11 75, A12 110, A13 72
A21 150, A22 100, A23 0
A31 75, A32 30, A33 24
1
A1 adjA
A
75 150 75
1
110 100 30
1200
72 0 24
Now,
X A1B
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
p 75 150 75 4
q 1
110 100 30 1
1200
r 72 0 24 2
300 150 150
1
440 100 60
1200
288 0 48
1
600 2
1
400
1
1200 3
240
1
5
1 1 1
P , q , and r
2 3 5
Hence, x 2, y 3 and z 5 .
Question 16:
Choose the correct answer.
If a, b, c, are in A.P ., then the determinant
x2 x 3 x 2a
x3 x4 x 2b
x4 x5 x 2c
A.0 B.1 C.X D.2X
Solution 16:
Answer: A
x 2 x 3 x 2a
x3 x4 x 2b
x4 x5 x 2c
x2 x3 x 2a
x 3 x 4 x a c 2b a c as a, b, and c are in A. p
x4 x5 x 2c
Applying R1 R1 R2 and R3 R3 R2 , we have:
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 1 ac
x 3 x 4 x a c
1 1 ca
Applying R1 R1 R3 , we have:
0 0 0
x3 x4 xac
1 1 ca
Here, all the elements of the first row (R1) are zero.
Hence, we have ∆ = 0.
The correct answer is A.
Question 17:
Choose the correct answer.
x 0 0
If X , Y , Z are nonzero real numbers, then the inverse of matrix A 0 y 0
0 0 z
x 1 0 0 x 1 0 0 x 0 0 1 0 0
1
0 1 0
1 1 1
A. 0 y 0 B. xyz 0 y 0 C.
xyz 0 y 0 D.
xyz
0 0 z 1 0 0 z 1 0 0 z 0 0 1
Solution 17:
x 0 0
A 0 y 0
0 0 z
A x yz 0 xyz 0
Now,
A11 yz, A12 0, A13 0
A21 0, A22 xz, A23 0
A31 0, A32 0, A33 xy
yz 0 0
adjA 0 xz 0
0 0 xy
1
A1 adjA
A
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
yz 0 0
1
0 xz 0
xyz
0 0 xy
yz
xyz 0 0
xz
0 0
xyz
xy
0 0
xyz
1
x 0 0
x 0
1
0
0 0 0
1 1
y 0
y
0 0 z 1
0 1
0
z
The correct answer is A .
Question 18:
Choose the correct answer.
1 sin 1
Let A sin 1 sin , where 0 2n , then
1 sin 1
A. Det A 0
B. Det A 2,
C. Det A 2, 4
D. Det A 2, 4
Solution 18:
1 sin 1
A sin 1 sin
1 sin 1
A 11 sin 2 sin sin sin 1 sin 2 1
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Class XII Chapter 4 – Determinants Maths
1 sin 2 sin 2 1
2 2sin 2
2 1 sin 2
Now, 0 2
0 sin 1
0 sin 2 1
1 1 sin 2 2
2 2 1 sin 2 4
Det A 2, 4
The correct answer is D.
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