ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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LABORATORY ACTIVITY 9
POLAR and NONPOLAR SUBSTANCES
I. OVERVIEW:
There are weaker forces that hold molecules together and these are called intermolecular forces of
attraction. Intermolecular forces join molecules together. They are responsible for the changes that occur
in materials. These include phase change, mixing of substances, and organization of molecules into larger
structures.
There are four types of intermolecular forces (IMF): dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, ion-dipole
forces, and hydrogen bonds. Dipole-dipole force is the attraction between polar molecules. Ion-dipole
force is the attraction between polar molecules and charged ions. London dispersion force is the attraction
between nonpolar molecules. A hydrogen bond is formed when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly
electronegative atom.
II. OBJECTIVE:
To determine if a substance is polar or nonpolar
III. MATERIALS:
4 beakers
Water
Cooking Oil
Salt
Sugar
Mothballs (ground)
IV. PROCEDURE:
1. Label each beaker: water + oil, water + salt, water + sugar, water + mothball.
2. Half-fill each beaker with water.
3. Add oil, mothball, sugar, and salt in their respective labeled beakers.
4. Observe what happens.
V. DATA AND RESULTS:
SUBSTANCE Soluble /Insoluble Polar/Nonpolar
oil
salt
sugar
mothball

VI. QUESTIONS:
1. How will you differentiate polar compounds from nonpolar compounds?
VII. CONCLUSION: