CALAMBA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON

STUDENTS' ACADEMIC SUCCESS
AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS

A Qualitative Research Presented to

Calamba City Science Integrated School
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Practical Research 1

Aries N. Magnaye
Research Facilitator

Rachel C. De Dumo
Mia Elise B. Dela Cruz
Florence Chloe C. Sagaoinit
Researchers

APRIL 2024
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

In today’s age of technology, or what we call as “Digital Age”

or “Information Age” as per Linda Tucci, social media platforms

have profoundly impacted students' lives, influencing their daily

routines, interactions, and academic pursuits. Students frequently

turn to platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook for

socializing, entertainment, and accessing educational content.

However, excessive social media usage can lead to distractions,

time management challenges, and negative impacts on academic

performance, highlighting the need for balanced digital habits and

effective self-regulation strategies.

Although social media is a platform for people to engage with

others, it still depends on what one wants to do in it. Like what

was stated, there are various reasons why students habitually use

social media. Nevertheless, it is already a fact how the creation of

social media is an advancement to everyone, but a primary reason

why social media can be helpful to students is that they have

countless opportunities in learning and figuring out how the world

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works; given that social media is also a way to show that there is a

bigger world around them as it’s a space for people’s interaction.

(Students and Social Media, n.d.)

However, an influence of something does not automatically

mean that it is full of positivity; there will always be a drawback to

something that rises and that includes the use of social media.

There are already research saying how the use of social media more

than three times a day can lead to a poor mental health and well-

being in teenagers. (Teens and Social Media Use: What’s the

Impact?, 2024) Since social media is an open-access to everyone,

there are different types of contents that one can consume, may it

be accidental or not and this can include the types of contents that

can be harmful to one’s mentality like illegal acts, self-harms and

other contents that are usually needed to have a warning. The

contents present in the internet are out of one’s control since social

media was created to also share anything that someone wishes to

share.

Studies about the psychological effects of a student’s access

to social media are already existing. According to Chukwuere and

Chukwuere, social media platforms are also a prime source of an

individual’s sudden shift in their mood due to the passive use of it

without having any purpose. Aside from that, when one is affected
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by a post in social media, they tend to develop expectations that

they set for themself, and this can be the case to a lot because of

the fact that the reliance on its usage for expression is increasing.

(Iwamoto, and Chun, 2020).

Seeing how the influence of use of technology flows to

students, this research study aims to examine the perceived

benefits of social media usage on academic success, such as access

to educational resources, peer collaboration, and academic support

networks by investigating the ways how students perceive social

media platforms as beneficial or detrimental to their academic

performance. Furthermore, this study is also directed to identify

the strategies and coping mechanisms employed by students to

mitigate the negative effects of social media on academic

performance; learning how students balance their time spent on

social media with their academic responsibilities, and the

strategies they employ to manage this balance effectively. Lastly, it

also wishes to answer: What role does social media play in

facilitating or hindering students' focus, concentration, and

productivity during study sessions and academic tasks? This

includes the investigation of the recognized drawbacks of social

media usage on academic success, including distractions,

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procrastination, and negative impacts on concentration and

productivity.

Background of the Study

The integration of social media in the modern Digital Age has

piloted society towards a bigger world of interactions by having the

means of communication, information dissemination, and social-

ization in a larger space than what one is physically in. Even

though the main purpose of the social is to connect people from

around the world with one another, it has been more than just a

platform for socialization. (Rgupta, n.d.) In today’s contemporary

digital age, social media can be considered as a necessity for others

for several reasons and this includes the information exchange,

promotions, and publication of news. Aside from that, the content

sharing in the internet has also been a way for people to express

themselves and utilize social media as an online diary which makes

a numerous number of individuals to be reliant on it. (Iwamoto,

and Chun, 2020)

The rise of technology— especially social media platforms,

has become a trend which automatically influences a lot of people,

including students. According to Khaled (2024), 74% of students

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have access to social media and 85% of higher education institu-

tions utilize social media for the purpose of academics and profes-

sion. It is undeniable how social media can be seen as an advance-

ment towards education; it engages students to not just be con-

nected with the bigger world but also to have a better access to

academics such as a way of communication for group requirements

and inquiries about a professor’s lecture.

Since social media is a free platform for anyone to upload

whatever they want, there is a variety of content that a person can

see in social media each day. People upload different kinds of con-

tent on the internet, may it be personal or not. This has been quite

a trend nowadays to people, especially after the pandemic hap-

pened— uploading whatever they wish to, which can be considered

as something positive for personal purposes as it gives one a free-

dom to express themselves. However, for students, that just means

that they are prone to false information because of the fact that the

variety of contents includes those as well. (Sadiq & Mathew, 2022)

Regardless of its purpose, there are still inevitable conse-

quences and drawbacks to the extensive utilization of social media.

This is why the massive use and reliance of a student to social me-

dia platforms is a need to study; it is also in order to keep track of

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one’s habit that can lead to a better understanding of oneself to-

wards a better psychological health, especially in the academic set-

ting. With the means of weighing both the positive and negative im-

pacts of social media, students can be informed about limiting

their consumption of social media contents for a better mental

health.

Theoretical Framework

Understanding the impacts of social media on a student’s

academic life is an important and intricate process. This approach

is guided by studies that evolved to comprehend multifaceted ef-

fects of social media on academic success. The theoretical frame-

work draws upon the following:

Concept of Digital Distraction

The study of Rosen, Carrier, & Cheever (2013) explains how

digital distractions exist in classrooms. It mainly focuses on the ef-

fects of it towards students and the reasons behind them. The con-

cept shows how the digital age or access to the internet inside a

classroom leads to a sudden loss of focus of a student.

Social Cognitive Theory

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According to this Bandura (1986), individuals learn through

observation, imitation, and modeling. In the context of social media

and academic success, students may observe behaviors and atti-

tudes towards studying, time management, and academic perfor-

mance on social media platforms. Positive role models and influ-

encers can inspire students to adopt effective study habits, while

negative influences may encourage procrastination or distract from

academic responsibilities.

Uses and Gratifications Theory

The theory of Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch (1973) suggested

that individuals actively choose media that fulfill specific needs and

goals. Students may use social media for various purposes such as

seeking information, entertainment, socialization, or validation.

These gratifications can either enhance or hinder academic suc-

cess, depending on how students balance their social media use

with academic responsibilities.

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Conceptual Framework

Fig. 1. Research Paradigm

As further shown in the preceding paradigm, the INPUT box

contains the experiences of the students from both private and

public schools, the academic performance of each student based

on their grades in different subjects, and the factors that influence

the student's adaptability. This box will serve as variables in

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determining what is needed to find out. They’ll be inputted in the

questionnaires.

On the other hand, the PROCESS box contains the processes

applied by the researcher in the study. These include the making of

a survey questionnaire, distribution of the survey questionnaire to

the transferee students from private and public schools, and the

data analysis of the collected data. This section will mainly revolve

around the participation of the respondents.

Finally, for the OUTPUT box, the researcher included the

study outcomes, which are the description of the subject’s positive

and negative experiences on CCSIS’ learning system, the themes

that emerged from the experiences shared by the students from

private and public schools, and the type of school with better

adaptability of students. Once the questionnaire has been

answered by all participants, the researchers will collect the data

from it. They will then analyze the gathered data and interpret the

given.

Statement of the Problem

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This study aims to determine the various impacts of social

media usage in relation to students’ academic lives and what

strategies they have to cope up with its effects– especially the

negative influence of consuming social media content. The results

of studies will be able to keep track of what is the limit of social

media for a student to consume in order to preserve their mental

health, and this study will also be answering the following

questions:

1. In what ways do students perceive social media platforms as

beneficial or detrimental to their academic performance?

2. How do students balance their time spent on social media

with their academic responsibilities, and what strategies do

they employ to manage this balance effectively?

3. What role does social media play in facilitating or hindering

students' focus, concentration, and productivity during study

sessions and academic tasks?

Significance of the Study

The vital results of this research would be highly significant

and beneficial specifically to the following:

Students. This research is beneficiary to students as it

will provide insights that can inform educational practices,

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policies, and interventions aimed at supporting the students

in navigating the digital landscape effectively and achieving

their academic goals.

Department of Education. This study will shed light to

the Department of Education and encourage them to

implement rules and regulations regarding to the use of

gadgets within school premises.

Teachers. This study will lead teachers into identifying

students who show lack of knowledge regarding internet

usage and provide appropriate guidance.

Parents. Parents will also benefit from this study as they

can get a grasp of the advantages and disadvantages of the

effects of social media usage upon their children.

Future researchers. This research is beneficiary to

future researchers as this study is another step closer to our

society’s technical development. Netizens would be conscious

of their screen time.

Scope and Limitations

For a better comprehension of what this study focuses on,

the following scope and limitations serves as a guide for this study.
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This study primarily focuses on how social media usage

affects the students’ academic success that considers both

beneficial and detrimental effects. Therefore, this study will be

conducted in Calamba City Science Integrated School (CCSIS). For

a narrow scope, it is planned that Grade 11 students at the school

will be analyzed and evaluated by answering a survey about their

social media usage patterns, study habits, and experiences with

managing digital distractions for this study due to the similarities

of their subjects and schedules, also in terms of having the same

subject teachers. The research is planned to not extend the study

beyond the school year 2023-2024. As for the data, it will be

collected within the month of the survey’s release.

Definition of Terms

In order to provide clarity and a better understanding, the

following terms of this study are presented by the conceptual and

operational definitions.

Communication. The act of transferring or relaying

information from one person to another.

Concentration. The process of concentrating: the state of

being concentrated.
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Digital Age. The technology period that started in the 1970s

and is currently going on.

Distraction. This pertains to something that hinders one

from focusing on something.

Internet Age. Another term for the Digital Age.

Social Media. This is the platform and the mode of

communication

used in the study.

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Chapter 2

THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter will discuss related literature and studies that

are relevant to this research study. This research has included as-

pects and topics pertaining to the effects of social media on stu-

dents’ academic success. The researchers decided to conduct a

study in regard to students’ time management when it comes to

the usage of their gadgets due to its adverse effects and favorable

advantages.

Related Literature

Parental Influences: Reliance of Gadget Usage

In our generation, even some toddlers have access to gad-

gets. Parents nowadays adheres their firm of reliability to their

son’s/daughter’s usage of technology, due to its various advan-

tages to their children. In accordance with GMA Public Affairs,

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some do believe that technology and social media itself outweighs

its advantages. The network concludes “When do we really think

that our solution does not possess any adverse effects?” shedding

light to the adverse effects of overusing gadgets. The study high-

lighted the dark experience that some have already encountered;

viz. focal seizures, strokes. Furthermore, GMA Public Affairs have

presented other adverse effects such as change in behavior and

habits, and astigmatism.

Gadgets as teaching devices

The use of laptops, phones and other gadgets have already

been implemented to most schools here in our country as it acts as

an advanced medium of note-taking technology. It is also advanta-

geous; due to the fact that it is eco-friendly. Olson et al.’s study

sheds light on the advantages of gadgets. Their findings provided

information regarding the potential of e-Learning to impact learn-

ing, society and the economy in developing countries with a partic-

ular reference to secondary schools in Tanzania. Because, moti-

vated students to learn and get higher score in tests, helped stu-

dents develop higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills and

effect on teaching parallels and teachers gain confidence, improve-

ment in education positively affects economic growth, and a strong

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motivator for young people in many countries to learn English,

Their study claims that implementing gadgets as learning devices

could be advantageous in the mere future.

Behavioral Change among students

Joseph, Corbeil and Valdez-Corbeil’s study proclaims that

students can access the content anytime and anywhere and en-

hance interaction between and among students and instructors.

Additionally, support differentiation of student learning needs and

reduce cultural and communication barriers. Their study tackles

providing information about mobile devices and their potential in-

structional uses and what are the benefits and challenges of mobile

learning. Furthermore, with the accessibility of phones, students

are able to interact with anyone through voice calls, messages,

videos etc. Most students rely upon objectifying their coping mech-

anisms at school, where the environment can be inherently stress-

ful. With the help of gadgets, they are able to calm themselves with

the help of anyone close to them or simply by playing a relaxing

game on their phone.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology

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“Hatch” claims that technology enriches basic skills and

physical activity, keeping track of children using the GPS trackers

within the phone. On the contrary, loss of privacy lessened ability

to multitask. Health-related issues: obesity and children's sensory

skill development. Changing social norms: Children feel lonely and

depressed. The pros of technology adhere to its positive impacts on

both the parent and their child whereas the cons undermine the

ideology of technology itself. Hatch’s aim is to study the pros and

cons of the use of technology and how it will affect children. One

thing we could be able to consider, is the children of age as they

appear to be more mature regarding the use of the internet mean-

while elementary students are said to be easily persuaded by

spams and viruses in their gadgets without any realization from

the parent.

Related Studies

Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance

The impact of social media on academic performance has

been a topic of growing concern among researchers and educators.

Karpinski and Duberstein's (2016) study provides valuable insights

into this complex relationship, revealing a negative correlation be-

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tween time spent on social media and students' GPA. This finding

suggests that higher usage of social media platforms is associated

with lower academic achievement. The study highlights the need

for students to manage their social media use effectively to avoid

distractions and maintain focus on their academic responsibilities.

Furthermore, Karpinski and Duberstein's (2016) study underscores

the importance of promoting digital literacy skills among students.

Social Media Use and Study Habits

Junco's (2015) study sheds light on the relationship between

social media use and study habits among students. The findings

suggest that students who incorporate social media into their

study periods tend to exhibit less effective study habits, potentially

compromising their academic achievement. This highlights the

need for students to critically evaluate their study routines and

consider the role of social media in shaping their study habits. By

recognizing the impact of social media on their academic perfor-

mance, students can make informed decisions about their technol-

ogy use and develop strategies to enhance their study habits. Nev-

ertheless, Junco's (2015) study underscores the importance of pro-

moting mindful technology use among students.

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Social Media and Time Management

Woods and Scott's (2016) investigation into the relationship

between social media use, sleep patterns, and academic perfor-

mance among students reveals compelling insights into the impact

of digital engagement on students' lives. Their study underscores a

concerning trend: higher usage of social media is associated with

poorer time management skills, which in turn can lead to sleep de-

privation and compromised academic achievement. This finding

suggests that excessive engagement with social media platforms

may disrupt students' ability to effectively manage their time, re-

sulting in inadequate sleep and subsequent academic challenges.

By shedding light between social media use, time management,

and academic performance, Woods and Scott's study emphasizes

the importance of promoting healthy digital habits and time man-

agement skills among students to optimize their overall well-being

and academic success. Moreover, the implications of Woods and

Scott's (2016) research extend beyond individual students to en-

compass broader considerations for educational institutions and

policymakers by integrating digital literacy education and time

management workshops into academic curricula, institutions can

empower students to develop essential skills for effectively manag-

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ing their time, enhancing their sleep quality, and ultimately im-

proving their academic performance.

Social Media and Mental Health

Twenge et al.'s (2018) examination of the relationship be-

tween screen time, including social media use, and depression

among adolescents sheds light on a pressing concern in today's

digital age. Their findings reveal a significant increase in depressive

symptoms among adolescents who spend more time on screens,

underscoring the potential detrimental impact of excessive social

media engagement on mental health. This correlation suggests that

the pervasive use of social media platforms may contribute to feel-

ings of loneliness, inadequacy, and social comparison, all of which

are known risk factors for depression. Consequently, these findings

underscore the need for a balanced approach to technology use

among adolescents, emphasizing the importance of fostering

healthy digital habits to safeguard their mental well-being and aca-

demic success. Overall, the research highlights the interconnected-

ness of social media use, mental health, and academic outcomes.

Synthesis
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The review of literature and studies of this research focuses

on the the complex relationship between students' use of social

media and their academic achievement. It explores how the use of

gadgets and social media impacts their time-management and gen-

eral well-being.

Concerns over the negative consequences of excessive screen

time, such as focal seizures, strokes, behavioral changes, and habit

changes, can be found in the related literature, which emphasizes

the importance of parental interventions in influencing students'

dependency on technology. However, there is also recognition of the

potential advantages of employing gadgets as teaching equipment

in schools, encouraging eco-friendly habits and improving learning

outcomes. Aside from that, it shows how behavioral changes are

present due to the impact of gadget usage.

On the other hand, the related studies contain research

studies that have aspects to the variables presented. It highlights

the importance of effective time management and digital literacy

skills, as well as the integration of technology into study routines

that can lead to better time-management skills and optimization of

overall well-being and academic success.

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It can be inferred that the relationship between the variables

is significant as it emphasizes the importance of proper social me-

dia and gadget usage while balancing their academic performance

in the digital age. With the given related literature and studies, the

researchers will be able to properly comprehend the results of the

study.
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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter focuses on the methodology of this research

study. This highlights its parts that includes its research design,

participants of the study, research instrument, and data gathering

procedures. The use of such will be further applied to the data

gathered.

Research Design

In this study, the researchers aim to explore the impact of

social media on students' academic success through a combination

of surveys and interviews. Specifically, they seek to understand

how various patterns of social media usage influence academic per-

formance. This research study will utilize phenomenology as the

type of qualitative research. This will mainly focus on how the us-

age of social media varies from each student from the 10 th Grade of

CCSIS. The study will encompass a diverse sample of high school

students from CCSIS. Data collection methods will include admin-

istering surveys regarding social media habits and academic per-

formance, as well as conducting in-depth interviews with partici-

pants. Notably, insights from a prior study by Kirschner and

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Karpinski (2010) suggest a negative association between heavy so-

cial media use and academic performance, citing increased distrac-

tion and multitasking as contributing factors. These findings res-

onate with the objectives of the current study, which aims to pro-

vide a more nuanced exploration of the relationship between social

media engagement and students' academic success.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted at Calamba City Science Inte-

grated School, a prominent educational institution known for its

rigorous academic programs and diverse student body. Located in

Calamba City, Philippines, the school provides a conducive envi-

ronment for research, with a supportive educational community.

The school's willingness to participate in the study reflects its com-

mitment to understanding and addressing the challenges faced by

students in the digital age.

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Fig. 2. An image of the geographic location of Calamba City

Science Integrated School

The Participants

The research will primarily be focusing on the Grade 10 stu-

dents at CCSIS (Calamba City Science Integrated School) because

this study is anchored on the gadget usage of high school students.

A total of 15 subjects participated in the study with each of the

chosen subjects/students having access to gadget/s and social

media platforms. The subjects are selected from the 3 sections of

Grade 10 Students in CCSIS.

Sampling Procedure

The researchers will use inquiries wherein the chosen sub-

jects are those who are available to gadget usage. This is due to the
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fact that the said sampling technique is most advantageous upon

gathering information and obtaining knowledge about their experi-

ences with gadgets or social media itself. The researchers also will

use convenient sampling techniques wherein the chosen subjects

are those who are more accessible and available to the researcher.

This is because the said sampling technique is more advantageous

upon selecting the subjects, given that there is only a limited time

for conducting the study.

Research Instrument

The research instrument that will be used by the researchers

in conducting this study is an online survey that will consist of

open-ended and closed-ended questions. In this study, the ques-

tionnaires will be carefully constructed to ensure a better quality of

data. The survey will be composed of questions concerning the

variables of this study, specifically the number of hours of social

media usage and its effects on their academic performance.

Through their own performance, the participants are expected to

answer the following questions:

1. What is the approximate amount of time of your daily social

media usage?
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i
2. What social media platforms do you use?

3. Wha kind of content do you consume on a daily basis?

4. Do you use social media for academic purposes?

5. Do you get easily distracted with social media contents?

6. How do social media platforms improve your academic per-

formance?

Validity of Research Instrument

In this study’s context, the validity revolves around the re-

search instrument that will be used which is the online survey or

questionnaire that will focus on the participants’ social media us-

age. The researchers will use appropriate methods to ensure a bet-

ter quality of data gathered from the questionnaire. The questions

from the online survey will be properly selected as it will be based

off the reflection of the participants’ live experiences and perspec-

tives. Other than that, the researchers will include both open-

ended and closed-ended questions to include all possible effects

and to better analyze the data.

Data Gathering Procedure

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ii
First and foremost, the researchers will implement the uti-

lization of Google Forms to create a survey questionnaire for the

students to answer. The content of the survey will be based on how

social media platforms have impacted their academics positively or

negatively, how gadget usage affected their overall mental and

physical health, how social media platforms helped or perhaps en-

danger their academics due to various reasons.

The researchers define “Academic Success” not by honors or

awards but rather, as when students have possessed deliberate

learning proactively. They will also acquire participants through

the means of convenience sampling, wherein students who are ac-

cessible to the research study will be selected. The researchers has

chosen this method because it embodies prompt database and con-

venience. Using this method, by any means, ensures to not have

any bias to the results. The researchers will only select respon-

dents who are available for this study. However, their responses

will still vary from one another. The said survey contained ques-

tions that respondents ought to answer for the researchers to at-

tain proper and accurate data in the study will also be a basis of

which student is applicable in answering the questionnaire.

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Lastly, the researchers will compile all of the data as results

and organize them for the making of the conclusion. The emerging

themes will be later tabulated and analyzed.

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