Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PDF Suliet 3 1 Compress
PDF Suliet 3 1 Compress
Aleprjfjgsdlg>
H.]fj wleog wlucm prjijr tl stoy flej tfds jvjgdgk. H. Dt ds gdajr tfog tfj Flcdmoy Eltjc.
A.]fj eog fos afogkjm fds edgm ohlut tfj gjw rjstourogt. A. Dt ds vjry dgjxpjgsdvj.
M.]fj eog ds slrry fj aogglt nldg tfj wleog ilr mdggjr. M. Dt ds o cdttcj iortfjr tfog tfj Flcdmoy Eltjc.
H.]fj wleog gjjms tl kjt o aocjgmor. H. Fds prdvotj cjsslgs mdm glt fjcp fde.
A. ]fj oppldgtejgt eust hj afogkjm tl o mdiijrjgt moy. A. Fds Kjreog tutlr aforkjs o rjoslgohcj ijj.
M. ]fj aocjgmor sflws tfj wrlgk elgtf. M. Fj pcogs tl a lgtdguj to`dgk cjsslgs.
cjsslgs.
=. O. ]fj wleog sflucm algtdguj mrdvdgk. ?8. O. ]fj aleedttjj fos nust hjkug tl wrdtj tfj rjplrt.
H. ]fjy wdcc orrdvj cotj ilr mdggjr. H. ]fj rjplrt wdcc hj sflrt.
A. Fj ilrklt tl eo`j rjsjrvotdlgs. A. ]fj aleedttjj ejehjrs fovj nust hjalej oaquodgtjm.
M. Fj ds glt surj wfot ds wrlgk wdtf tfj aor. M. ]fj rjplrt ds idgdsfjm jxajpt ilr tfj dgtrlmuatdlg.
:. O. Qfj mdm glt rjocdzj tfot tfjdr tjoe fom wlg. ?1. O. ]fjy sflucm pcoy ogltfjr tdej.
H. ]fjdr tjoe gjorcy clst tfj koej. H. ]fjy wdcc prlhohcy fovj tl pcoy dg tfj kye.
A. Qfj aoccjm tl idgm lut tfj salrj li tfj koej. A. Fj prjijrs tl pcoy dg tfj kye
M. ]fjdr tjoe usuoccy wdgs dts koejs. M. Dt ds glt supplsjm tl rodg tlelrrlw.
9.O. Nldg fde ogm Eory ot tfj elvdj. ?=. O. ]ypj tfj cjttjr os dt ds.
H. Os` Eory wfot sfj ds mldgk tlgdkft. H. Afogkj slej wlrmdgk dg fds cjttjr.
A. Dgvdtj o krlup li irdjgms tl kl tl tfj elvdj. A. Qjgm tfj cjttjr wdtflut typdgk dt.
M. ]jcc Eory ohlut tfj elvdj. M. Afja` tl eo`j surj fds ioats orj alrrjat.
?:. O. ]fj wleog sflucm aocc tfj prlijsslr tfj gjxt moy.
;. O. Rrlijsslr Aoephjcc afogkjm tfj algijrjgaj tdej. H. Fj ds aogajcdgk tfj afldr rjfjorsoc hjaousj li dccgjss.
H. Fj ds pcoggdgk tl stoy ugtdc tfj algijrjgaj ds idgdsfjm. A. ]fj wleog wdcc ijjc hjttjr dg o moy lr twl.
A. Fj wdcc glt ottjgm tfj algajrt. M. Fj wdcc turg up tfj fjot dg tfj afldr rlle.
6. O. Qfj rjajgtcy purafosjm cougmry mjtjrkjgt. H. ]fjy turgjm lgtl tfj wrlgk rlom.
H. Qfj wdcc huy slej mjtjrkjgt ilr tfj eog. A. ]fj eog wdcc kjt tl tfj hog` hjilrj dt aclsjs.
A. ]fj Cougmrleot ds orlugm tfj alrgjr. M. ]fj hog` wdcc lpjg sllg.
?
?;. O. Kl lut tl jot wfjg tfj eusjue aclsjs. M. Rfdc wdcc sdt lg tfj cjmkj.
A. Cjovj tfj eusjue tjeplrordcy 89. O. Fj tfdg`s tfj wleog's aleputjr ds hrl`jg.
M. Ejjt joaf ltfjr cotjr dg tfj moy. H. Fj wlr`jm lg tfj wleog's aleputjr
aleputjr ilr tll clgk.
?6. O. ]fj wleog sflucm fovj tfrlwg lut tfj gjwspopjrs wlr`.
A. ]fj wleog's popjr ds dg tfj trosf. 8;. O. ]fj cdhrory aclsjm jorcdjr tfog sfj jxpjatjm.
M. Fj mljs glt fovj tdej tl fjcp fjr cll` ilr fjr popjr. H. Qfj alucm glt idgm o hdrtfmoy prjsjgt.
?4. O. ]fj wleog aog eo`j fjr aocc tlelrrlw. M. ]fj hll`stlrj mdm glt fovj wfot sfj wos cll`dgk ilr.
A. ]fj odrcdgj's liidajs orj a clsjm. 86. O. ]fj jqudpejgt fos ocrjomy hjjg cla`jm up.
M. Fj mljs glt `glw wfot tfj prlhcje alucm hj. H. ]fj wleog sflucm hj elrj aorjiuc wdtf tfj jqudpejgt.
A. Fj mdm glt cd`j wfot fj otj ilr cugaf. 84. O. ]fj eog mdm glt kdvj tfj wleog tfj gltjs sfj
8?. O. Qfj ds prlum li tfj eog. A. ]fj wleog wogts tl hlrrlw tfj eog's sladlclky gltjs.
H. Qfj mljs glt wogt tl sjj tfj eog's tjst. M. ]fj wleog fos tl lrkogdzj fjr psyaflclky gltjs.
M. Qfj fos glt to`jg tfj t jst yjt. 12. O. ]fj eog wdcc idgm o nlh di fj algtdgujs tl cll`.
88. O. Fj wdcc tjcc tfj wleog wfot tl ml. A. ]fj eog aog kjt o nlh wfjrj tfj wleog wlr`s.
H. ]fj ejjtdgk wdcc fovj tl hj plstplgjm. M. ]fj eog sflucm `jjp fds aurrjgt nlh.
M. Fj wdcc gjjm tl tfrlw owoy elst li tfj popjrs. 1?. O. Qfj wdcc hj ohcj tl nldg tfj jalgledas sjedgor.
81. O. Idgm ogltfjr sladlclky alursj. A. Qfj idgdsfjm poydgk hoa` fjr clog.
H. Cll` ilr o nlh dg tfj sladlclky mjportejgt. M. Qfj klt og O lg fjr tjre popjr.
M. Afogkj fjr wlr` safjmucj. 18. O. ]fj deplrtogaj li poydgk hoa` clogs prleptcy.
H. Qfj aogglt rjom tfj oppcdaotdlgs ugtdc oitjr fjr acoss. A. Zsdgk aleputjrs tl dgarjosj husdgjss jiidadjgay.
8:. O. Eory wdcc trde fjr fjmkj. H. Fj wlucm cd`j tl idgm o nlh tfjrj.
H. Rfdc fos o hjttjr afogaj li wdggdgk. A. Fds jalgledas prlijsslr mdm rjsjoraf wlr` tfjrj.
A. Eory wdcc wdg tfj jcjatdlg. M. Edarlarjmdt prlkroes fovj hjjg vjry suaajssiuc tfjrj.
8
1=. O. Aogajc fjr arjmdt aorm. =8. O. ]fj acjordgk li Gjw Jgkcogm ilrjsts.
H. Qdkg up ilr tfj jalgledas sjedgor. H. ]fj rlcj li Gjw Jgkcogm trjjs dg Hrdtdsf sfdphudcmdgk.
A. Fdstlry.
A. [fdtj pdgj.
H. O wjcc-`glwg eusjue.
A. Dts strodkftgjss.
A. @
H. ]fjy prlvdmj jvdmjgaj li dgoaaurotj sadjgtdida =;. O. Flw tfjy swde clgk mdstogajs.
A. ]fjdr mdsalvjry wos sdedcor tl tfot li tfj gjutrdgl. A. Flw tfjy fugt.
M. ]fjy wjrj suhnjats li ?44: jxpjrdejgts ot Cls Ocoels. M. Flw tfjy slcvj prlhcjes.
=2. O. Dts eoss fom prjvdluscy hjjg ejosurjm. =6. O. Hy afogkdgk dts oppjorogaj.
H. Dts jxdstjgaj fom hjjg rjplrtjm hy Cls Ocoels Gotdlgoc H. Hy dedtotdgk sdkgocs tfot tfj ltfjr spdmjrs sjgm.
A. Qadjgtdsts wjrj cll`dgk ilr o portdacj wdtf gl eoss. M. Hy dedtotdgk dgsjats aoukft dg o wjh.
=?. O. ]fot dt aorrdjs o corkj oelugt li jgjrky. A. Nuep tl tfj jmkj li tfj troy.
M. ]fot dt fos o tdgy oelugt li eoss. :2. O. Dt wlucm `jjp trydgk tl rjoaf tfj rla` tfj soej woy.
1
H. Dt wlucm try tl rjoaf tfj rla` o mdiijrjgt woy. M. ]fj sadjgtdsts wlucm pcoaj ogltfjr spdmjr dg tfj troy.
?.Dg tfj cotj ?4;2—s ogm jorcy ?462—s, tfj Zgdtjm Qtotjs H. dgicotdlg hjkog
mjvjclpjm tfj rjusohcj spoaj sfuttcj \\\\\\\\tl spoaj A. tfj hjkdggdgk li dgicotdlg
O. tl eo`j oaajss
H ogm eo`dgk oaajss ;.]fj hosds prjedsj hjfdgm occ okrdaucturoc prlmuatdlg ds
A. wfdaf eomj oaajssdhcj \\\\\ovodcohcj tfj rdafjs li tfj sldc ilr fueog
fueog algsueptdlg.
algsueptdlg.
H. tfj eo`dgk
\\\\\\\. M. tl eo`j
H. tfog ds ogy ltfjr ogdeoc 6.\\\tl tfj ugdtjm stotjs Flusj li Xjprjsjgtotdvjs dg ?;4?,
H. Ds tjoafdgk
O. possjm
M. possdgk O. hjdgk
H. tl hj
O. ilres
H. prlmuat sdgkcj li
li o sjccjr
9.]fj ovjrokj cjvjc li Zgdtjm Qtotjs prdajs krjw vjry cdttcj A. sjccjr li o prlmuat sdgkcj
=
?8.\\\\ irjsfwotjr spjadjs li idsf hudcm gjsts li stda`s,
stlgjs, lr sallpjm-lut sogm.. ?=. ]fj ilugmotdlg li occ ltfjr hrogafjs li eotfjeotdas ds
A. Eogy H. tfj
M. hjaousj tfj
\\\\\\\\\\\rjoms
\\\\\\\\\\\rjoms o gjwspopjr
gjwspopjr jvjry moy.
moy. ?:.Gyclg wos \\\tfj fueog-eomj idhjrs.
?9.]fj eocj adaomo slugm ds eomj hy spjadocdzjm struaturjs lg tfj ohmlejg ogm wfdaf opporjgtcy sjvjrs tl ottroat ijeocjs.
?;.]jcjvdsdlgs orj glw og jvjrymoy ijoturj li elst flusjflcms dg tfj Zgdtjm Qtotjs, ogm tjcjvdsdlg vdjwdgk ds tfj guehjr lgj
oatdvdty cjdsurj.
?6.Hoatjrdo orj lgj li tfj elst ohugmogt cdij ilres lg Jortf, krlwdgk lg ogm dgsdmj ogltfjr cdvdgk tfdgks, dg jvjry typj li
jgvdrlgejgt.
?4.Iculrdgj ds o krjjgdsf kos tll oatdvj tfot jvjg wotjr ogm kcoss hurg dg dt.
82.Dg kjgjroc, glvjcs orj tflukft li jxtjgmjm wlr`s li prlsj idatdlg mjpdatdgk tfj dggjr ogm lutjr cdvjs li tfjdr aforoatjrs.
8?.Ejtohlcdse ds tfj dgacusdvj tjre ilr tfj afjedaoc rjoatdlgs hy wfdaf tfj ajccs li og lrkogdse trogsilres jgjrky, eodgtodg
88.Octflukf elst pjtrlcjue ds prlmuajm irle ugmjrkrlugm rjsjrvldrs, pjtrlcjue laaurs dg o vordjtdjs li ilres ot tfj surioaj.
81.O eusdaoc lrkog aog fovj pdpjs li twl `dgms> icuj pdpjs tfot wlr` cd`j o icutj o gm rjjm pdpjs tfot lpjrotj lg soej prdgadpcj os
o acordgjt.
8=.]fj Cogm Lrmdgogaj li ?;6= mdvdmjm tfj wjstjrg cogms hjclgkdgk tl tfj Zgdtjm Qtotjs dgtl tjrrdtlrdjs, joaf tl hj klvjrg
8:.Di tfjrj ds tll euaf pdtudtory flrelgj li tll ijw dgsucdg, tfj oelugt li sukor dg tfj hcllm rdsjs ohglreoccy, prlmuadgk o
89.]fj aorj li afdcmrjg murdgk tfjdr yjors li rjcotdvj fjcpcjssgjss oppjors tl fovj hjdgk tfj afdji dgajgtdvj ilr tfj jvlcutdlg li
ioedcy struaturjs.
8;.Dt wos glt ugtdc tfj ?482—s tfot plccutdlg aoej tl hj vdjwjm hy eogy os o tfrjot tl tfj fjoctf li cdvj lg Jortf.
:
86.Rcotjcjts orj tdgy hcllm ajccs tfot fjcp trogsplrt flrelgjs ogm ltfjr afjedaocs tfrlukflut tfj hlmy,
hlmy, ogm dt pcoy o `jy rlcj dg
aclttdgk hcllm.
84. Zgtdc tfj twjgtdjtf ajgtury, pjgmucue acla`s wjrj aocdhrotjm okodgst tfj rltotdlg li jortf hy to`dgk ostrlgledaoccy
ejosurjejgts.
12.]fj ropdm krlwtf li tfj wlrcm—s plpucotdlg lvjr tfj post ?22 yjors fovj cjm
1?.Dg tfj jdkftjjgtf ajgtury, tfj Rowgjjs, mjsajgmogts li tfj Gjhros`o aucturj, cdvjm dg
18.]fj ottroatdlg li lpplsdtj aforkjs ds lgj li tfj ilraj tfot `jjp jcjatrlgs dg lrhdt orlugm li guacjus li og otle.
11.Li jvjry tfj eonlr tromdtdlgs li wllm aorvdgk, tfj lgj tfot ds aclsjst dg struaturj tl tfj trjj ds tfj arjst plcj eomj hy tfj
Gotdvj Oejrdaogs
Oejrdaogs li tfj Glrtfwj
Glrtfwjst
st alost.
1=.Eogy li tfj idgj-krodgjm vordjtdjs li sjmdejgtory rla`s `glwg os sfocjs ydjcm ldc
1:.Dg ?682 tfjrj wjrj lgcy 9: modcy gjwspopjrs dg tfj ugdtjm stotjs, wfdaf tltoc modcy adraucotdlg li pjrfops ?22,222.
19.]fj Edc`y [oy kocoxy dgacumjs tfj Qug, dts pcogjts, ogm rjst li tfj slcor systje, oclgk wdtf hdccdlgs li stors ogm ltfjr
lhnjats.
16.Jvdmjgaj irle ogadjgt ilssdcs dgmdaotjs tfj salrpdlg eoy fom hjjg oelgk tfj idrst cogm ogdeocs.
14.Njttdjs, pdjrs mjsdkgjm tl odm dg eordgj govdkotdlg, orj algstruatjm prdeory li wllm, stlgj, algarjtj, lr alehdgotdlgs li tfjsj
eotjrdocs.
=2.]fj Horgjs Ilugmotdlg dg Ejrdlg, Rjggsycvogdo, wos afortjrjm dg ?488 tl prleltdlg ort jmuaotdlg hy prlvdmdgk ort acossjs
_ujstdlg ?-?2
Occ eoeeocs ijjm tfjdr ylugk. Hjcuko wfocj eltfjrs, ilr jxoepcj, gursj tfjdr aocvjs ilr slej twjgty elgtfs, ugtdc tfjy orj
ohlut tl kdvj hdrtf okodg ogm tfjdr ylugk orj ohcj tl idgm tfjdr lwg illm. ]fj hjfovdlr li ijjmdgk li tfj ylugk ds hudct dgtl tfj
rjprlmuatdvj systje.
systje. Dt ds o glgjcjatdvj port li porjgtoc aorj ogm tfj mjidgdgk ijoturj li o eoeeoc, tfj elst deplrtogt tfdgk tfot
eoeeocs-- wfjtfjr eorsupdocs, pcotypusjs, spdgy ogtjotjrs, lr pcoajgtoc eoeeocs -- fovj dg aleelg.
9
Hut glt occ ogdeoc porjgts, jvjg tflsj tfot tjgm tfjdr liisprdgk tl tfj pldgt li fotafdgk lr hdrtf, ijjm tfjdr ylugk. Elst
jkk-kuormdgk idsf ml glt, ilr tfj sdepcj rjoslg tfot tfjdr ylugk orj sl euaf seoccjr tfog tfj porjgts ogm jot illm tfot ds ocsl
euaf seoccjr tfog tfj illm jotjg hy omucts. Dg rjptdcjs, tfj a rlalmdcj eltfjr prltjats fjr ylugk oitjr tfjy fovj fotafjm ogm to`js
tfje mlwg tl tfj wotjr, wfjrj tfjy wdcc idgm illm, hut sfj mljs glt oatuoccy ijjm tfje. Ijw dgsjats ijjm tfjdr ylugk oitjr
Ilr ogdeocs ltfjr tfog eoeeocs, tfjg, ijjmdgk ds glt dgtrdgsda tl porjgtoc aorj. Ogdeocs omm dt tl tfjdr rjprlmuatdvj strotjkdjs tl
kdvj tfje og jmkj dg tfjdr cdijclgk qujst ilr mjsajgmogts. ]fj elst vucgjroh
vucgjrohcj
cj elejgt dg ogy ogdeoc's cdij ds wfjg dt idrst idgms
i dgms
dtsjci alepcjtjcy lg dts lwg, wfjg dt eust ilrokj ogm ijgm ilr dtsjci. Ijjmdgk plstplgjs tfot elejgt ugtdc o ylugk ogdeoc fos
krjotjr iroatdlg li tfjdr iucc omuct sdzj. Ogm dg tfj ejogtdej tflsj ylugk orj sfdjcmjm okodgst tfj vokordjs li icuatuotdgk li
mdiidauct-tl-idgm suppcdjs.
suppcdjs. Lgaj o spjadjs mljs to`j tfj stjp li ijjmdgk dts ylugk, tfj ylugk hjalej tltoccy mjpjgmjgt lg tfj jxtro
O. ]fj aorj tfot vordlus ogdeocs kdvj tl tfjdr liisprdgk. :. ]fj wlrm "prlvdsdlgdgk" dg cdgj ?1 ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk
dgmjpjgmjgt. A. hudcmdgk
M. jxpogmdgk
O. algtrost tfj ijjmdgk fohdts li mdiijrjgt typjs li eoeeocs 9. Oaalrmdgk tl tfj possokj, flw ml slej dgsjats eo`j surj
H. mjsardhj tfj prlajss hy wfdaf eoeeocs aoej tl hj tfjdr ylugk fovj illm<
A. jepfosdzj tfj pldgt tfot jvjry typj li eoeeoc ijjms H. Hy claotdgk tfjdr gjsts lr ajccs gjor spdmjrs ogm
M. jxpcodg wfy o portdaucor ijoturj li eoeeocs ds A. Hy sjorafdgk ilr illm slej mdstogaj irle tfjdr gjst.
1. ]fj wlrm "tjgm" dg cdgj ; ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl ;. ]fj wlrm "jmkj" dg cdgj ?; ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl
O. sdt lg O. lpplrtugdty
H. elvj H. omvogtokj
A. gltdaj A. purplsj
=. [fot aog hj dgijrrjm irle tfj possokj ohlut tfj proatdaj 6. ]fj wlrm "dt" dg cdgj 82 rjijrs tl
;
4. Oaalrmdgk tl tfj possokj, ogdeoc ylugk orj elst
_ujstdlg ??-8?>
Rrdgteo`dgk ds tfj kjgjrda tjre ilr o guehjr li prlajssjs, li wfdaf wllmaut ogm jgkrovdgk orj twl prdej jxoepcjs. Rrdgts orj
eomj hy prjssdgk o sfjjt li popjr (lr ltfjr eotjrdoc) okodgst og deokj-hjordgk surioaj tl wfdaf dg` fos hjjg oppcdjm. [fjg tfj
popjr ds rjelvjm,
rjelvjm, tfj deokj omfjrjs tl dt, hut dg
dg rjvjrsj.
]fj wllmaut fom hjjg usjm dg Afdgo irle tfj iditf ajgtury O.M. ilr oppcydgk pottjrgs tl tjxtdcjs. ]fj prlajss wos glt dgtrlmuajm
dgtl Jurlpj ugtdc tfj ilurtjjgtf ajgtury, idrst ilr tjxtdcj mjalrotdlg ogm tfjg ilr prdgtdgk lg popjr. [llmauts orj arjotjm hy o
rjcdji prlajss0 idrst, tfj ortdst to`js o hcla` li wllm, wfdaf fos hjjg sowjm poroccjc tl tfj krodg, alvjrs dt wdtf o wfdtj krlugm,
ogm tfjg mrows tfj deokj dg dg`. ]fj hoa`krlugm ds aorvjm owoy, cjovdgk tfj mjsdkg orjo scdkftcy rodsjm. ]fj wllmhcla` ds dg`jm,
ogm tfj dg` omfjrjs tl tfj rodsjm deokj. Dt ds tfjg trogsijrrjm tl moep popjr jdtfjr hy fogm lr wdtf o prdgtdgk prjss.
Jgkrovdgk, wfdaf krjw lut li tfj klcmsedtf's ort, lrdkdgotjm dg Kjreogy ogm glrtfjrg Dtocy dg tfj edmmcj li tfj idit jjgtf ajgtury.
ajgtury.
alppjr, wdtf o auttdgk dgstruejgt, lr hurdg. ]fj ortdst dg`s tfj pcotj ogm wdpjs dt acjog sl tfot slej dg` rjeodgs dg tfj dgadsjm
krllvjs. Og deprjssdlg ds eomj lg moep popjr dg o prdgtdgk prjss, wdtf suiidadjgt prjssurj hjdgk oppcdjm sl tfot tfj popjr pda`s
up tfj dg`.
Hltf wllmaut ogm jgkrovdgk fovj mdstdgatdvj aforoatjrdstdas. Jgkrovdgk cjgms dtsjci tl suhtcj elmjcdgk ogm sfomdgk tfrlukf tfj
usj li idgj cdgjs. Fotafdgk ogm arlss-fotafdgk mjtjredgj tfj mjkrjj li cdkft ogm sfomj dg o prdgt. [llmauts tjgm tl hj elrj cdgjor,
wdtf sforpjr algtrosts hjtwjjg cdkft ogm mor`. Rrdgteo`dgk ds wjcc sudtjm tl tfj prlmuatdlg li euctdpcj deokjs. O sjt li euctdpcjs
ds aoccjm og jmdtdlg. Hltf ejtflms aog ydjcm sjvjroc fugmrjm kllm-quocdty prdgts hjilrj tfj lrdkdgoc hcla` lr pcotj hjkdgs tl sflw
sdkgs li wjor. Eoss prlmuatdlg li prdgts dg tfj sdxtjjgtf ajgtury eomj deokjs ovodcohcj, ot o clwjr alst, tl o euaf hrlomjr puhcda
tfog hjilrj.
??. [fot mljs tfj possokj eodgcy mdsauss< O. tfj wllmauts ilugm dg Afdgo dg tfj iditf ajgtury
O. ]fj lrdkdgs li tjxtdcj mjalrotdlg H. tfj usj li wllmauts dg tfj tjxtdcj dgmustry
M. ]ypjs
]ypjs li popjr usjm dg prdgteo`dgk
O. prdgadpoc H. aut
H. alepcjx A. iroejm
A. kjgjroc M. ho`jm
M. rjajgt
6
H. "krodg"(cdgj 6) jgkrovdgk fovj dg aleelg<
arlss-fotafdgk.
?9. ]fj wlrm "mdstdgatdvj" dg cdgj ?4 ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl A. ]fjy wjrj idrst usjm dg Jurlpj.
H. oaaurotj lrdkdgoc.
A. drrjkucor
?;. Oaalrmdgk tl tfj possokj, occ li tfj ilcclwdgk orj truj ajgtury<
O. mjvjclpjm irle tfj ort li tfj klcmsedtfs H. ]fj quocdty li popjr ogm dg` fom deprlvjm.
H. rjqudrjs tfot tfj popjr hj aut wdtf o hurdg A. Eogy pjlpcj hjaoej dgvlcvjm dg tfj prdgteo`dgk
M. dgvlcvjs aorvdgk dgtl o ejtoc pcotj M. Mjarjosjm mjeogm ilr prdgts `jpt prdajs oiilrmohcj.
?6. ]fj wlrm "ydjcm" dg cdgj 81 ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl 8?. Oaalrmdgk tl tfj possokj, occ li tfj ilcclwdgk orj truj
_ujstdlgs 88-1?>
]fj idrst pjlpcjs tl dgfohdt wfot tlmoy ds tfj slutfjostjrg Zgdtjm Qtotjs sustodgjm tfjesjcvjs
tfjesjcvjs os fugtjrs ogm kotfjrs. Qlejtdejs
jorcy dg tfj idrst edccjggdue O.M., flwjvjr, tfjy hjkog tl auctdvotj alrg ogm ltfjr arlps. Kromuoccy, os tfjy hjaoej elrj s`dccjm
ot kormjgdgk, tfjy sjttcjm dgtl pjreogjgt vdccokjs ogm mjvjclpjm o rdaf aucturj, aforoatjrdzjm hy tfj krjot jortfjg elugms tfjy
jrjatjm os elguejgts tl tfjdr klms ogm os tlehs ilr tfjdr mdstdgkudsfjm mjom. Elst li tfjsj jorcy elugm hudcmjrs wjrj port li
tfj Omjgo-Flpjwjcc aucturj, wfdaf fom dts hjkdggdgks gjor tfj Lfdl Xdvjr ogm to`js dts goej irle sdtjs dg Lfdl. ]fj aucturj
sprjom slutfworm dgtl tfj prjsjgt-moy stotjs li Cludsdogo, Ocohoeo, Kjlrkdo, ogm Iclrdmo. Dts pjlpcjs hjaoej krjot tromjrs,
Ohlut O.M. =22, tfj Flpjwjcc aucturj ijcc dgtl mjaoy. Lvjr tfj gjxt ajgturdjs, dt wos suppcogtjm hy ogltfjr aucturj, tfj
Edssdssdppdog, goejm oitjr tfj rdvjr oclgk wfdaf eogy li dts jorcdjst vdccokjs wjrj claotjm. ]fds alepcjx advdcdzotdlg mledgotjm
tfj Qlutfjost irle ohlut O.M. ;22 ugtdc sflrtcy hjilrj tfj Jurlpjogs hjkog orrdvdgk dg tfj sdxtjjgtf ajgtury. Ot tfj pjo` li dts
strjgktf, ohlut tfj yjor ?822, dt wos tfj elst omvogajm aucturj dg Glrtf Oejrdao. Cd`j tfjdr Flpjwjcc prjmjajsslrs, tfj
Edssdssdppdogs hjaoej fdkfcy s`dccjm ot krlwdgk illm, octflukf lg o krogmjr saocj. ]fjy mjvjclpjm og deprlvjm strodg li alrg,
wfdaf alucm survdvj dg wjt sldc ogm o rjcotdvjcy allc acdeotj, ogm ocsl cjorgjm tl auctdvotj hjogs. Dgmjjm, okrdaucturj hjaoej sl
deplrtogt tl tfj Edssdssdppdogs tfot dt hjaoej aclsjcy ossladotjm wdtf tfj Qug --- tfj kuorogtlr li kllm arlps. Eogy trdhjs aoccjm
tfjesjcvjs "afdcmrjg li tfj Qug" ogm hjcdjvjm tfjdr legdpltjgt prdjst-afdjis wjrj mjsajgmogts li tfj krjot sug klm.
4
Octflukf elst Edssdssdppdogs cdvjm dg seocc vdccokjs, eogy ltfjrs dgfohdtjm corkj tlwgs. Elst li tfjsj tlwgs hlostjm ot cjost
lgj eonlr icot-tlppjm elugm lg wfdaf stllm o tjepcj tfot algtodgjm o soarjm icoej. Lgcy prdjsts ogm tflsj aforkjm wdtf
kuormdgk tfj icoej alucm jgtjr tfj tjepcjs. ]fj elugms ocsl sjrvjm os ajrjelgdoc ogm tromdgk sdtjs, ogm ot tdejs tfjy wjrj usjm
os hurdoc krlugms.
88. [fot mljs tfj possokj eodgcy mdsauss< A. Ohlut O.M. ?822
A. ]fj jorcy pjlpcj ogm aucturjs li tfj Zgdtjm Qtotjs 86. Oaalrmdgk tl tfj possokj, flw mdm tfj okrdaucturj li tfj
M. ]fj algstruatdlg li hurdoc elugms Edssdssdppdogs mdiijr irle tfot li tfjdr Flpjwjcc
prjmjajsslrs<
81. [fdaf li tfj ilcclwdgk rjsuctjm irle tfj rdsj li O. ]fj Edssdssdppdogs prlmuajm elrj murohcj ogm corkjr
O. ]fj mjvjclpejgt li tromj dg Glrtf Oejrdao H. ]fj Edssdssdppdogs slcm tfjdr illm tl ltfjr krlups.
H. ]fj jstohcdsfejgt li pjreogjgt sjttcjejgts A. ]fj Edssdssdppdogs alucm lgcy krlw pcogts dg wore, mry
M. O edkrotdlg li tfjsj pjlpcjs tl tfj Xla`y Elugtodgs. M. ]fj Edssdssdppdogs prlmuajm spjadoc illms ilr tfjdr
rjcdkdlus cjomjrs.
O. ]fj jorcy claotdlgs li tfj Omjgo-Flpjwjcc aucturj 84. [fy mljs tfj outflr ejgtdlg tfot eogy Edssdssdppdogs
H. ]fj twl elst deplrtogt gotdlgs li tfj Omjgo-Flpjwjcc trdhjs aoccjm tfjesjcvjs "afdcmrjg li tfj Qug"(cdgj 88)<
A. ]wl ilrejr cjomjrs wfl wjrj flglrjm wdtf corkj hurdoc H. ]l orkuj ohlut tfj deplrtogaj li rjcdkdlg d g tfjdr aucturj.
H. jxafogkdgk ejogdgk tl
A. trogsplrtdgk O. possjm lg
M. clomdgk H. jxpjrdjgajm ot
A. dgtjrjstjm dg
O. algqujrjm
O. rjcdkdlus ajrjelgdjs
8;. Oaalrmdgk tl tfj possokj, wfjg mdm tfj Edssdssdppdog H. ejjtdgk pcoajs ilr tfj j gtdrj aleeugdty
_ujstdlg 18-=2>
?2
Lvjrcogm trogsplrt dg tfj Zgdtjm Qtotjs wos stdcc jxtrjejcy prdedtdvj dg ?;42. Xloms wjrj ijw ogm sflrt, usuoccy jxtjgmdgk irle
dgcogm aleeugdtdjs tl tfj gjorjst rdvjr tlwg lr sjoplrt. Gjorcy occ dgtjrstotj aleejraj wos aorrdjm lut hy sodcdgk sfdps tfot
sjrvjm tfj hoys ogm forhlrs li tfj sjohlorm. Tjt, dg ?;42 tfj gotdlg wos lg tfj tfrjsflcm li o gjw jro li rlom mjvjclpejgt.
Zgohcj tl idgogaj rlom algstruatdlg, stotjs turgjm ilr fjcp tl prdvotj alepogdjs, lrkogdzjm hy ejrafogts ogm cogm spjaucotlrs
wfl fom o pjrslgoc dgtjrjst dg deprlvjm aleeugdaotdlgs wdtf tfj dgtjrdlr. ]fj pdlgjjr dg tfds elvj wos tfj stotj li
Rjggsycvogdo, wfdaf afortjrjm o alepogy dg ?;48 tl algstruat o turgpd`j, o rlom ilr tfj usj li wfdaf o tlcc, lr poyejgt, ds
alccjatjm, irle Rfdcomjcpfdo tl Cogaostjr. ]fj cjkdscoturj kovj tfj alepogy tfj outflrdty tl jrjat tlcckotjs ot pldgts oclgk tfj
rlom wfjrj poyejgt wlucm hj alccjatjm, tflukf dt aorjiuccy rjkucotjm tfj rotjs. (]fj stotjs fom ugqujstdlgjm outflrdty tl
]fj alepogy hudct o krovjc rlom wdtfdg twl yjors, ogm tfj suaajss li tfj Cogaostjr Rd`j jgalurokjm dedtotdlg. Glrtfjrg stotjs
kjgjroccy rjcdjm lg prdvotj alepogdjs tl hudcm tfjdr tlcc rloms, hut Ydrkdgdo
Ydrkdgdo algstruatjm o gjtwlr` ot puhcda jxpjgsj. Quaf wos tfj
]rogsplrtotdlg lg tfjsj jorcy turgpd`js algsdstjm li irjdkft aorrdjr woklgs ogm possjgkjr stokjaloafjs. ]fj elst aleelg rlom
irjdkft aorrdjr wos tfj Algjstlko woklg, o vjfdacj mjvjclpjm dg tfj edm-jdkftjjgtf ajgtury hy Kjreog deedkrogts dg tfj orjo
orlugm Cogaostjr, Rjggsycvogdo. Dt ijoturjm corkj, hrlom wfjjcs ohcj tl gjkltdotj occ hut tfj mjjpjst ruts ogm flcjs, ogm dts rlugm
hlttle prjvjgtjm tfj irjdkft irle sfditdgk lg o fdcc. Alvjrjm wdtf aogvos ogm mrowg hy ilur tl sdx flrsjs, tfj Algjstlko woklg
rdvocjm tfj clk aohdg os tfj prdeory syehlc li tfj irlgtdjr. Rossjgkjrs trovjcjm dg o vordjty li stokjaloafjs, tfj elst aleelg li
wfdaf fom ilur hjgafjs, joaf flcmdgk tfrjj pjrslgs. Dt wos lgcy o pcotilre lg wfjjcs, wdtf gl sprdgks0 scjgmjr plcjs fjcm up tfj
M. cows klvjrgdgk rlom usj 19. Oaalrmdgk tl tfj possokj, wfy mdm stotjs wogt prdvotj
11. ]fj wlrm "prdedtdvj" dg cdgj ? ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl O. ]fj stotjs alucm glt oiilrm tl hudcm rloms tfjesjcvjs.
H. ug`glwg alepogdjs.
M. ugmjvjclpjm stotjs.
1=. Dg ?;42 elst rloms alggjatjm tlwgs dg tfj dgtjrdlr li tfj 1;. ]fj wlrm "dt" dg cdgj ?? rjijrs tl
M. algstruatdlg sdtjs
1:. ]fj pfrosj "lg tfj tfrjsflcm li" dg cdgj = ogm : ds aclsjst O. dgvjstejgt
dg ejogdgk tl H. sukkjstdlg
??
A. dgarjosdgk
M. alpydgk =2. ]fj "corkj, hrlom wfjjcs" li tfj Algjstlko woklg orj
14. Ydrkdgdo
Ydrkdgdo ds ejgtdlgjm os og jxoepcj li o sto tj tfot tfot wos
A. alepcjtjm ?,:22 edcjs li turgpd`js dg lgj yjor A. jiijatdvj lg rloms wdtf ugjvjg surioajs
M. dgtrlmuajm gjw cow rjstrdatdgk rlom usj M. rjsplgsdhcj ilr irjqujgt moeokj tl irjdkft
Dg Mjotf Yoccjy, Aocdilrgdo, lgj li tfj flttjst, elst ordm pcoajs dg Glrtf Oejrdao, tfjrj ds euaf soct, ogm soct aog moeokj rla`s
deprjssdvjcy. Dgfohdtogts li orjos jcsjwfjrj, wfjrj strjjts ogm fdkfwoys orj soctjm tl algtrlc daj, orj ioedcdor wdtf tfj rjsuctdgk
rust ogm mjtjrdlrotdlg lg aors. ]fot ottjsts tl tfj afjedaoccy alrrlsdvj goturj li soct, hut dt ds glt tfj woy soct mjstrlys rla`s. Qoct
hut hy eldstjgdgk tfjdr hlttles wdtf soct wotjr. Quaf algmdtdlgs jxdst dg eogy orjos oclgk tfj jostjrg jmkj li ajgtroc Mjotf
Yoccjy
occjy.. ]fjrj, socty wotjr rdsjs irle tfj krlugmwotjr tohcj hy ao pdccory oatdlg tfrlukf tdgy spoajs dg sjmdejgt ugtdc dt rjoafjs tfj
surioaj.
Elst stlgjs fovj aopdccory possokjs tfot sua` soct wotjr irle tfj wjt krlugm. Mjotf Yoccjy prlvdmjs
prlvdmjs og uctro -mry otelspfjrj ogm
fdkf modcy tjepjroturjs, wfdaf prleltj jvoplrotdlg ogm tfj ilreotdlg li soct arystocs oclgk tfj aroa`s lr ltfjr lpjgdgks wdtfdg
stlgjs. ]fjsj arystocs krlw os clgk os soct wotjr ds ovodcohcj. Cd`j trjj rllts hrjo`dgk up o sdmjwoc`, tfj krlwdgk arystocs jxjrt
dg sjmdejgtory rla`s, lr prjjxdstdgk lr dgadpdjgt iroatdlgs, ogm oclgk hlugmordjs hjtwjjg dgmdvdmuoc edgjroc arystocs lr krodgs.
Hjsdmjs arystoc krlwtf, tfj jxpogsdlg li focdtj arystocs(tfj soej os jvjrymoy tohcj soct) hy fjotdgk ogm li suciotjs ogm sdedcor
socts hy fymrotdlg aog algtrdhutj ommdtdlgoc strjssjs. O rla` murohcj jglukf tl fovj wdtfstllm goturoc algmdtdlgs ilr o vjry clgk
tdej dg ltfjr orjos alucm prlhohcy hj sfottjrjm dgtl seocc pdjajs hy soct wjotfjrdgk wdtfdg o ijw kjgjrotdlgs.
]fj mledgogt soct dg Mjotf Yoccjy ds focdtj, lr slmdue afclrdmj, hut ltfjr socts, elstcy aorhlgotjs ogm suciotjs, ocsl aousj prydgk
ogm wjmkdgk, os mljs lrmdgory daj. [jotfjrdgk hy o vordjty li socts, tflukf litjg suhtcj, ds o wlrcmwdmj pfjglejglg. Glt
rjstrdatjm tl ordm rjkdlgs, dgtjgsj soct wjotfjrdgk laaurs elstcy dg soct-rdaf pcoajs cd`j tfj sjosflrj, gjor tfj corkj socdgj co`js dg
=?. [fot ds tfj possokj eodgcy ohlut< =1. ]fj wlrm "jxjrt" dg cdgj ?= ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl
=8. ]fj wlrm "dt" dg cdgj 4 rjijrs tl ==. Dg cdgjs ?1-?;, wfy mljs tfj outflr aleporj trjj rllts
?8
M. ]fjy hltf aousj socty wotjr tl rdsj irle tfj krlugmwotjr =6. ]fj wlrm "mledgogt" dg cdgj 88 ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl
H. elst aleelg
=:. Dg cdgjs ?;-?6, tfj outflr ejgtdlgs tfj "jxpogsdlg li A. cjost ovodcohcj
H. jxpcodg flw slej rla`s orj glt oiijatjm hy soct O. Lgcy twl typjs li socts aousj prydgk ogm wjmkdgk.
A. sdepcdiy tfj jxpcogotdlg li arystoc prydgk ogm wjmkdgk H. Qocts usuoccy aousj moeokj lgcy dg alehdgotdlg wdtf daj.
M. dgtrlmuaj ommdtdlgoc ejogs hy wfdaf arystocs mjstrly A. O vordjty li socts dg occ `dgms li jgvdrlgejgts aog
=9. ]fj wlrm "murohcj" dg cdgj ?4 ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl moeokj dg Mjotf Yoccjy,
O. corkj
A. icjxdhcj ohlut rla`s tfot orj ilugm dg orjos wfjrj daj ds aleelg<
=;. ]fj wlrm "sfottjrjm" dg cdgj 82 ds aclsjst dg ejogdgk tl A. ]fjy sflw sdedcor `dgms li moeokj os rla`s dg Mjotf
O. orrogkjm Yoccjy.
A. hrl`jg oport
M. kotfjrjm tlkjtfjr
OOMHH OHMHA HOHHH AAAOM HAOHA AMMOO HHMMH OMHOM MHAMO MMHHH
OAMMO OHAMH AOAHA OHHMO MAHOH AAOAM HHMAA OOMHA OOOOM HAHAA
?1