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Textbook Ebook Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes For Pervaporation 1St Edition Sabu Thomas All Chapter PDF
Textbook Ebook Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes For Pervaporation 1St Edition Sabu Thomas All Chapter PDF
Edited by
SABU THOMAS
International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
SONEY C. GEORGE
Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Amal Jyothi College of
Engineering, Kanjirapally, India
THOMASUKUTTY JOSE
Department of Basic Sciences, Centre for Nano Science and Technology,
Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, India
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ISBN: 978-0-12-816785-4
v
vi Contents
Nomenclature.......................................................................................... 105
5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 106
5.2 Pervaporation ................................................................................... 108
5.3 Polymer nanocomposites ................................................................ 112
5.4 Carbon nanotubes............................................................................ 113
5.5 PV application of carbon nanotubes-polymer nanocomposite
membranes....................................................................................... 116
5.6 Conclusions ...................................................................................... 129
References ............................................................................................... 129
14.1 Definition........................................................................................355
14.2 Pervaporation performance..........................................................356
14.3 Process conditions ........................................................................357
14.4 Mass transfer in pervaporation ....................................................359
14.5 Transport properties in pervaporation ........................................367
14.6 Sorption of pure liquid i in an amorphous polymer ..................369
14.7 Pervaporation modeling ...............................................................373
14.8 Predictive model............................................................................383
14.9 Conclusion .....................................................................................389
References............................................................................................. 389
Index........................................................................................................... 409
List of contributors
Vakkoottil Sivadasan Abhisha Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College
(Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, India
Amritanshu Banerjee Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of
Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Di Cai National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
Cintil Jose Chirayil Newman College, Thodupuzha, India
Swastika Choudhury Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta,
Kolkata, India
Asha Elizabeth Department of Chemical Engineering, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering,
Kottayam, India
Bincy Francis PG Department of Chemistry, St. Thomas College, Ranny, India
Deepak Roy George Department of Chemical Engineering, Amal Jyothi College of
Engineering, Kottayam, India
Gejo George School of Pure & Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam,
India
Neenu George St. Joseph’s College, Moolamattom, India
Soney C. George Centre For Nanoscience and Technology, Amal Jyothi College of
Engineering, Kanjirapally, India
Neetha John Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Institute of
Plastics Technology (IPT), Kochi JNM Campus, Udyogamandal, Kochi, India
Thomasukutty Jose Department of Basic Sciences, Centre For Nanoscience and
Technology, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally, India
Jithin Joy Newman College, Thodupuzha, India
G.T.M. Kadja Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Institut
Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Center for Catalysis and Reaction Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
Geetha Kathiresan Nanotechnology Division, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology,
Vallam, Thanjavur, India
xi
xii List of contributors
xv
xvi Preface
1.1 Introduction
One of the most significant membrane separation processes
is pervaporation (PV). It is the only membrane process in which
a liquid-to-vapor phase transition occurs through a dense or
microporous membrane during the transport of solvents. The
partial pressure difference exist between the membrane is
the real driving force behind the phase transition and it can be
due to the vacuum at the permeate side. The efficiency of sepa-
ration is obtained by selective diffusion of components from a
liquid mixture through the membrane. PV is an energy efficient
separation method, especially for the separation of azeotropic,
isomeric, and close boiling point liquids. The azeotropes or
close boiling point liquids can be separated by a classical distil-
lation process where separation is based on the differences in
their relative volatility. The separation of different mixtures
occurs on the basis of their affinity with the membrane materi-
als in PV. Another prime condition for the PV separation of
azeotrops and other close boiling liquids is that they have clear
difference in their transport characteristics through membrane
material. So, PV is a useful technique for the separation of azeo-
tropic mixtures [1], close boiling point mixtures [2], and struc-
tural isomers [3]. PV is mainly applied for the separation and
concentration of mixtures that are difficult to separate by distil-
lation [4]. The transport properties of water through polymer
membranes are much more different than that of organic
KÖYHTYNYT KREIVI.