ENGL 1302 BEAM Worksheet
Instructions: Use this chart to help you map what information each of your peer reviewed journal articles provides you with in support of your
position . Make sure to include proper citations with specific information that you quote or paraphrase from your sources in each category row.
Article Citation
Patterns:
Last Name
Last Name and Last Name
Last Name, et al.
Agagunduz, et al.
Background Exhibits Arguments Method / Theory
What materials / sources What materials provide What sources / which What materials / sources
provide relevant specific examples / data to scholars provide provide methods of
background information / be interpreted for use in researched conclusions / research to ground your
facts for your paper? List your paper? List those reasons / evidence for use argument or provide a
those materials and provide materials and provide in your paper? Which theoretical lens for your
quoted evidence as quoted evidence as sources help set up analysis / reasoning in your
examples next to those examples next to those important debates / counter paper? List those materials
materials: materials: points that you need to and provide quoted
address in your paper? List evidence as examples next
those sources and provide to those materials:
quoted evidence as
examples next to those
references:
Intermittent fasting is a Body compositions of the To the best of our Twenty-seven healthy
interventional strategy. participants at baseline and knowledge, this was the adults, sixteen females and
Used in various ways since post-Ramadan period are first time examining these eleven males were selected
ancient times such in use of shown in Table 2. Body effects, especially energy for the study(2). For all
epilepsy (Hartman, et al. weights of the overall expenditure in healthy si participants the fasting
1). “Potential positive participants were 70.5 ± due to intermittent fasting period was eighteen hours
effects on obesity, type 2 14.46 kg and 69.0 ±13.99 of Ramadan in Turkey (4). per day. This study was
diabetes, cardiovascular kg at baseline and post- This interpretation differed conducted on twenty-seven
disease and some cancer Ramadan, respectively from that of a study Turkish nationals for a
types due to changes and (−2.1%) (p < 0.05. (3). . conducted on 240 adults, period of twenty-eight
causes in body weight and Agagunduz, et al. which suggested that days. A baseline was
metabolic parameters.” “It concluded that IF during dietary protein intake was acquired prior to the study
can also be performed is Ramadan may have determined to decrease to compare after the fasting
association with circadian unwanted decrease in only in male participants period (7).
rhythm, intestinal resting energy expenditure (Noruouzy, et al. 7).
microbiota, and lifestyle (9) IF can modify BMI and Furthermore, a study
habits that can be modified body composition, reported no difference in
as a diet, physical activity, especially in fat free mass energy and nutrient intakes
 and sleep” (Patterson, et al.
1). The ultimate goal
nowadays is improvement
in body composition
(Correia, et al. 1).
Silva, et al. Combat sport athletes such
as taekwondo have various
ways to cut weight fast in
preparation for a match.
These methods can be
detrimental to the athlete’s
performance. Negative
effects such as muscle
mass reduction, decreased
endurance, impaired
judgment, mood alteration
among others lead these
athletes to adopt nutrition
strategies such IF
(Andreato, et al. 1)
However, these strategies
can lead to detrimental
effects on athletic
performance, including
muscle mass reduction,
decreased overall and
specific endurance,
impaired training
adaptations, decreased
concentration capacity,
difficulty in decision-
making, mood alterations
such as increased
irritability and
demotivation, and
increased discomfort and
subjective perception of
effort following training
sessions (Artioli, et al. 1).
and hydration status (9).
The results showed that
total body mass (TBM)
was reduced during the
first two weeks of IF
without reducing
performance (5).
According to Silva et al.,
the study's decreased TBM
in the first two weeks
confirms that fasting is an
effective short-term
strategy. However, in
longer periods IF would
negatively impact
performance (8
of young women during
Ramadan fasting despite
the decrease in the number
of meals (Seiermann, el al.
7).
Z Throughout the four
weeks of IF, the results
showed a decrease in TBM
in the first two weeks,
which then remained
unchanged in the
subsequent weeks(8). ). In
our study, the lower TBM
in the first two weeks
corroborates the efficiency
of fasting in a short-term
intervention, with limited
weight reduction. The
athletes might not maintain
the IF any longer without a
negative energy balance to
reduce TBM (8). Our
results show that the mean
energy intake decreases
initially but increases in the
final weeks; however, such
a difference is not
statistically significant(9).
Nine taekwondo athletes,
seven males and two
females will take on IF for
twelve hours while still
training for a determined
amount of time. They were
be examined for a period of
six weeks (2). This study
proposes an experimental
paired trial covering a total
of six weeks. Initially, the
first two weeks covered the
familiarization, reliability,
and performance of the
baseline (BL) measure. In
the following four weeks,
the athletes performed the
same BL tests but in eight
moments and two different
situations: on four Monday
afternoons, approximately
two hours after lunch in the
fed state (FED), and on
four Saturdays before
skipping breakfast in the
fasted state (3).
Guo, et al. States that there is a trend
to break away from the
typical breakfast-lunch-
dinner pattern towards the
adoption of unhealthy
eating habits, including the
consumption of frequent
snacks and late-night
snacking (Przybyłowicz, et
al. 1). Irregular diets have
been found to be associated
with the development of
diseases in the nervous
system (Mohan, et al. 1)
Nutrition is a significant
determinant in an
individual’s overall
lifestyle. Extensive
findings indicate that
certain nutrients or food
constituents are potential
cognitive enhancers
(Flanagan, et al. 1).
Modifying dietary patterns,
including alterations in
meal timing and frequency,
could enhance overall life
quality and metabolic
functioning, hence
reducing the risk of
developing metabolic
syndrome and neurologic
disorders (Wilkinson, et al.
1).
Hammouri, et al. Studies have indicated the
level of glucose in the
blood during fasting is
lower (Gueye, et al.,
Larijani, et al. 175).
IF has been investigated in
a variety of
neurodegenerative disease
models. In Table 4, we
summarize the outcomes of
IF on various
neurodegenerative
conditions, detailing the
model systems and the
durations of the
interventions (13). The
synthesis of metabolites
and the composition of the
intestinal microbiota have
changed as a result of IF,
which has an impact on the
peripheral nervous system
and the integrity of the
intestinal barrier. These
changes may have an
impact on physiological
and psychopathological
processes, even in people
who don't have any
underlying medical
conditions (18).
Results showed no
significant difference
between fasting and non-
fasting for push-ups, sit-
ups, sit and reach test, and
This review has
synthesized insights into
the potential role of IF in
neurological disorders,
highlighting the pivotal
role of gut microbiota. The
integrity of intestinal
mucosa and tight junctions
is critical for the
physiological functioning
of the nervous system (18).
IF emerges as a potential
strategy to bolster intestinal
barrier integrity,
demonstrating benefits
such as improved
gastrointestinal function,
enhanced intestinal barrier
function, reduced entry of
harmful substances, and
bolstered activity of
intestinal immune cells
(18). : There is a scarcity of
long-term investigations to
understand the sustained
effects and potential side
effects of IF on
neurological health(18).
The data showed that
Ramadan fasting does not
have an influence on
strength and muscular
endurance measured by the
examine shifts in gut
microbiota and metabolite
profiles prompted by IF
and how they can affect
neural health (1). Study the
effects of IF on a variety of
neurological conditions
and how microbiota plays
a role (1). This study seeks
to scrutinize the
compositional and
functional changes in the
intestinal microbiota,
assess the evidence
relevant to the risk of
neurological disease, and
advocate for IF as a viable
and advantageous lifestyle
interventions (1).
Thirteen male students
from the School of Sport
Science at the University
of Jordan volunteered to
take part in this study
Fasting during Ramadan
can be associated with
changes in sleep habits and
increased sleepiness, which
may affect physical
performance in athletes.
(Chennaoui, et al., Farooq,
et al. 175). The study also
states there are reports that
Ramadan fasting lowers
alertness and mood
decreases while fasting.
(175). Behavioral
modifications that
accompany Ramadan
fasting are associated with
some alterations in the
metabolic, physiological,
and psychological
responses of athletes that
may affect sport
performance (Chaouachi,
et al., Ziaee, et al. 175)
the one-mile run. The Push-Up and the Sit-Up
4x10m shuttle run showed Tests (Table 1), given that
that students performed the observed values were
better while not fasting similar in each test whether
than while fasting (178-9) the students fasted or not.
These findings agree with
the study by Zouhal et al.
(22) who reported that
Ramadan fasting did not
affect the muscle
endurance of the knee
extensors of 8 adolescent
karate players. However,
the findings do disagree
with Bigard et al. (179).
The students performed
better in the 4 x 10 m
Shuttle-Run Test when
they did not fast than when
they were fasting (Table 1),
which agrees with Fekih et
al. (10) who also observed
that Ramadan fasting
reduced agility, speed, and
reaction time performance
in male tennis players
(179). Also, it is clear that
the present study's results
are in agree with Zerguini
et al. (20) who showed that
agility and speed were
reduced at the end of
Ramadan for the study
participants who were 2
Algerian professional
soccer teams. Interestingly,
Boukhris et al. (6) showed
that Ramadan fasting had
no adverse effect on the
(mean ± SD, height 175.3
± 4.32 cm; non-fasting
weight 69.15 ± 8.48 kg;
fasting weight 68.42 ± 9.28
kg; non-fasting sleeping
hours 7.50 ± 1.72 h; fasting
sleeping hours 5.81 ± 1.48
h) (175). n the last week of
Ramadan between (11 am
– 2 pm) each student
completed 5 Exercise Tests
while fasting. On the first
day, all basic and
anthropometric
measurements were taken
(height and weight). On the
second day, the students
performed 4 Exercise Tests
(i.e., Push-Up, SitUp, 4 x
10 m Shuttle-Run, and the
Sit and Reach) in random
order. On the third day, the
students performed the
endurance Exercise Test
(i.e., 1 Mile-Run 1609 m),
which was performed on a
separate and last day of
testing in order to avoid
influencing the results of
the other Exercise Tests

Moraes, et al. Intermittent fasting
protocol (IFP), a changing
in feeding periods
characterized by fasting
and feeding cycles, has
been suggested as a
strategy to change body
metabolism and improve
health (Horne et al.,
Tinsley and La Bounty
(1341). Many potential
beneficial phenotypes are
associated with IFP, such
as improvements in body
weight and energy
expenditure (Halberg et
al.), blood lipid profile
(Benli Aksungar et al.),
heart function (Ahmet et
al.), eating behavior
(Chausse et al.), trophic
factors and cognitive
ability (Halagappa et al., Li
et al.) (1341). , IFP seems
to reduce body weight and
increase energy
expenditure by activating
brown adipose tissue non-
shivering thermogenesis as
well as browning of white
adipose tissue (1341).
subjects’ short-term
maximal performance
(179).
Regarding body The data analysis related to The study was conducted
composition (Table 1), IF body mass (Fig. 2A) on 20-week-old Wistar rats
did not induce changes in showed a significant and was divided into four
lipid, protein, minerals, or decrease in the IFEX different groups. Control
body water content. While (fasting and exercise) was established as CON
EX and IFEX displayed group, suggesting that diet eating as desired and
reduced fat content and and exercise intervention sedentary, exercise
increased total protein, as was effective in lowering designated EX eating as
compared with IF, and the body mass of rats. On desired and endurance
showed no changes in the other hand, as shown in training, intermittent
mineral or body water Fig. 2B, there are no fasting IF and sedentary,
content when compared differences in food and intermittent fasting and
with control rats (1343). consumption among all exercise IFEX (1342). ).
There were muscular lipid groups (1343). The study Endurance exercises
content alterations only in of Chausse et al. shows consisting of swimming
the IFEX group (Fig. 3), that intermittent fasting were performed for five
when we can note alters the metabolic pattern sessions per week, for six
increases in the IFEX of rats and modifies the weeks. Every session
group compared with the food consumption and consisted of forty minutes
IF and EX groups. This hypothalamic parameters of swimming in water at
difference was influenced of hunger control, which constant temperature. IF
by fasting (p = 0.0388) and results in lower feeding was performed
principally the interaction efficiency and overeating continuously for six weeks
of fasting and exercise (p = (1344). The combination of for eighteen hours per day
0.0031) (1343). There were IF and moderate aerobic (1342).
muscular lipid content exercise is capable of
alterations only in the modifying lipid
IFEX group (Fig. 3), when metabolism and it is able to
we can note increases in promote changes in body
the IFEX group compared composition (1346).
with the IF and EX groups.
This difference was
influenced by fasting (p =
0.0388) and principally the
interaction of fasting and
exercise (p = 0.0031)
 (1343).
Ye, et al. Overweight and obesity IF is an effective Summarizing the effects of Study describes the
have become global health nonpharmacologic therapy three forms of IF on different forms and
issues. In 2016, China had for weight loss that can clinical outcomes reported implementation protocols
the highest number of lower body weight and in the literature (Table 1), of IF and their effect on
adults with overweight and improve body composition it shows that there have body weight composition,
obesity at 600 million, with in total body fat, abdominal been no trials directly cardiometabolic risk
rates of 34.3% and 16.4%, fat and lean body mass comparing the effects of factors and other diseases
respectively (Pan, et al., (2822). the three different fasting (2813).
China med guide 2813) Additionally, it can methods; further research The study takes other
Overweight and obesity are decrease indices such as is needed to determine studies and goes over the
major risk factors for and blood glucose, lipids, which methods are more data to see if IF is in fact
increase the risk of all- insulin sensitivity, and effective for achieving beneficial.
cause mortality from cardiovascular metabolism weight loss (2814). the
chronic diseases such as in adults with overweight beneficial effects of IF on
cardiovascular disease, and obesity(2822). weight loss, body
diabetes, and cancer, In a study of 64 patients composition, and
reducing life expectancy by with obesity, IF combined cardiovascular health in
five to twenty years with endurance exercise of adults with overweight and
(Abdelaal, et al. 2813). moderate intensity three obesity with diverse
”Weight loss can times a week resulted in characteristics are
significantly diminish the greater reductions in body controversial, and may be
risk of developing weight, body fat mass influenced by factors such
overweight and obesity. (FM), and lipid-related as comorbidities and the
Two popular weight indicators after 12 weeks duration of fasting (2813).
management strategies are than IF or exercise alone,
Continuous Energy although there were no
Restriction (CER)4 and significant differences in
Intermittent Fasting (IF).5” lean body mass (LBM)
(2813). between groups.38
 Works Cited

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