Subic Ecological Profile 2023

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Page invalid without the seal of En.P. PRC No. 450, Republic Act No. 10587 Section 5.(d) expert witness.
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Municipal Development Council Resolution
Republic of the Philippines
Municipality of Subic
ZAMBALES
Municipal Development Council

EXCERPT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE MEMBERS OF THE MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL OF
SUBIC, ZAMBALES HELD ON DECEMBER 15, 2023 AT THE OFFICE OF THE MAYOR, MUNICIPALITY OF SUBIC,
ZAMBALES.
IN ATTENDANCE:
Municipal Mayor (Presiding Officer) Samahang Magsasaka ng Daligan Irrigators (CSO)
SB Committee on Appropriations (Member) Cawag Tribal Association (CSO)
ABC President (Member) Cawag Mountain View Association (CSO)
Subikeña President (CSO) Calapandayan Fishermen Multi-Purpose Cooperative (CSO)
Subic Bay Centennial Lions Club President (CSO) Samahan ng mga Kababaihan ng Sitio Bukid (CSO)
MDC RESOLUTION NO. 02-2023
A RESOLUTION RECOMMENDING THE USE OF THE INFORMATION IN THE ECOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE
MUNICIPALITY OF SUBIC FOR THE YEAR 2023 IN THE FORMULATION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND
ALL OTHER PLANS OF THE MUNICIPALITY.
WHEREAS, the Ecological Profile (an upgraded manifestation from formerly Socio Economic Profile) is a comprehensive profile of
the Municipality which gives equal coverage to the physical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and built environments.
WHEREAS, the preparation of this municipal profile is guided by the guidelines provided by the Department of the Interior and
Local Government, such as the Rationalized Local Planning System and Local Planning Illustrative Guide to ensure the
comprehensiveness of the information in the Ecological Profile.
WHEREAS, the said comprehensive information were gathered from different national government agencies, local government
offices and other private entities as well as from studies conducted by different individuals and presented to the Municipal
Development Council.
WHEREFORE, be it resolved by the Municipal Development Council of Subic in a meeting duly assembled…
“TO RECOMMEND THE USE OF THE INFORMATION IN THE ECOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF SUBIC
FOR THE YEAR 2023 IN THE FORMULATION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ALL OTHER PLANS OF
THE MUNICIPALITY”
UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED: December 15, 2023.
I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing resolution was duly adopted by the Municipal Development Council in a meeting held on
September 15, 2023.
Transcribed by: Loretta A. Peligro

Project Evaluation Officer I
Zoning Officer (LGU E.O. No. 7, S. 2022)
DR. GENARO G. RAMOSO, En.P., C.Eng’r.

MPDC and Environment Management Officer
MDC Head Secretariat
Attested:
HON. JONATHAN JOHN F. KHONGHUN

Municipal Mayor
MDC Chairman-Presiding Officer
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The Preparer
Ecological Profile
2023
Ecological Profile (an upgraded manifestation from formerly Socio Economic Profile)
is a comprehensive profile of the Municipality which gives equal coverage
to the physical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and built environments.
The preparation of this municipal profile is guided by the guidelines provided by the
Department of the Interior and Local Government, such as the Rationalized Local Planning System
and Local Planning Illustrative Guide to ensure the comprehensiveness of the information
in the Ecological Profile.
RESPECTFULLY PREPARED AND SUBMITTED

December 15, 2023
Profiler: Loretta A. Peligro

Project Evaluation Officer I
Zoning Officer (LGU E.O. No. 7, S. 2022)
EXPERT WITNESS:
DR. GENARO G. RAMOSO, En.P., C.Eng’r.

MPDC and
Environment Management Officer
En.P. PRC # 450
R.A. No. 10587:
SEC. 5.(a), SEC. 30 and SEC. 31.(a)
1. Certificate of Registration (Annex “A”)
2. PRC ID (Annex “B”)
3. APO Certificate of Membership (Annex “C”)
4. PTR: Exempted (Annex “D”)
(as per page 19 of ORDINANCE NO. 2017-12,
Article I, Section 21.03:
“Exemption. Professionals exclusively
employed in the government shall be exempt
from the payment of this tax.”)
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ANNEX “A”
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ANNEX “B”
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ANNEX “C”
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ANNEX “D”
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Table of Contents
Municipal Development Council Resolution .....................................................................................ii
The Preparer .................................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. ix
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... xii
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ xvi
Subic Then and Now ........................................................................................................................ 1
History ................................................................................................................................................ 1
Development Directions ................................................................................................................... 2
Ecosystem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 4
Land and Water Resources .............................................................................................................. 4
Land Resources ............................................................................................................................ 4
Water Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 14
Forest Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................ 15
Coastal and Marine Ecosystem .................................................................................................. 20
Air Quality Monitoring.................................................................................................................. 39
Land Use Development .............................................................................................................. 45
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction ........................................................... 50
Atmosphere ................................................................................................................................. 50
Hazards........................................................................................................................................ 55
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) .................................................................................. 64
Exposure Analysis for Flooding................................................................................................... 67
Exposure Analysis for Landslides ............................................................................................... 77
Demographic Profile ...................................................................................................................... 88
Population Composition ................................................................................................................. 88
Population by Age Group and Gender ....................................................................................... 88
Household Population by Age Group and Gender .................................................................... 90
Population by School-age, Working-age, Voting age, and Dependent-age Group by
Gender ......................................................................................................................................... 91
Population Distribution ................................................................................................................... 92
Population, Household Population, Number of Households, and Average Household Size
by Barangay ................................................................................................................................. 92
Urbanization Level ...................................................................................................................... 94
Population Density and Built-up Density ................................................................................... 94
Growth Population Density ......................................................................................................... 98
Population Changes ........................................................................................................................ 99
Population Growth ...................................................................................................................... 99
Fertility and Mortality ................................................................................................................ 100
Social-related Population Characteristics ................................................................................... 103
Projected Population..................................................................................................................... 109
Economy-related Population Characteristics .............................................................................. 111
Labor Force................................................................................................................................ 111
Family Income and Expenditure ............................................................................................... 115
Social Sector ................................................................................................................................119
Education....................................................................................................................................... 119
Educational Facilities ................................................................................................................ 119
Trends on Enrollment, Graduation, and Dropouts .................................................................. 120
Student-Teacher and Student-Classroom Ratio ..................................................................... 127
Health and Sanitation ................................................................................................................... 128
Health Resources ...................................................................................................................... 128
Burial Grounds .......................................................................................................................... 138
Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................................ 139
Housing .......................................................................................................................................... 141
Existing Housing Situation ........................................................................................................ 141
Current and Projected Needs ................................................................................................... 147
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Social Welfare Services ................................................................................................................ 147
Day Care Services ..................................................................................................................... 148
Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) ............................................................................................. 148
Senior Citizens........................................................................................................................... 149
Disaster Management .............................................................................................................. 150
Family Welfare........................................................................................................................... 150
Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS) area .................................... 150
Indigenous People .................................................................................................................... 151
Protective Services ....................................................................................................................... 151
Protective Services, Facilities and Equipment ........................................................................ 151
Fire Incidence ............................................................................................................................ 151
Crime Incidence ........................................................................................................................ 152
Current and Projected Requirement ........................................................................................ 153
Sports and Recreations ................................................................................................................ 154
Sports and Recreation facilities ............................................................................................... 154
Current and Projected Needs ................................................................................................... 154
Economic Sector ..........................................................................................................................156
Agriculture ..................................................................................................................................... 156
Agricultural Production ............................................................................................................. 156
Livestock and Poultry ................................................................................................................ 160
Fisheries and Aquaculture........................................................................................................ 161
Support Systems ....................................................................................................................... 161
Forestry .......................................................................................................................................... 164
Forestlands ................................................................................................................................ 164
Commerce and Trade ................................................................................................................... 164
Business establishments ......................................................................................................... 164
Commercial Activities ............................................................................................................... 165
Industry .......................................................................................................................................... 170
Industrial Development Trend .................................................................................................. 170
Industry Classification............................................................................................................... 172
Tourism .......................................................................................................................................... 175
Existing Tourist Attractions ....................................................................................................... 175
Other Tourist Attractions........................................................................................................... 179
Festivals ..................................................................................................................................... 180
Tourist Arrival ............................................................................................................................ 182
Infrastructure ...............................................................................................................................186
Transportation ............................................................................................................................... 186
Bridges ....................................................................................................................................... 186
Roads ......................................................................................................................................... 186
Current and Future Requirements ........................................................................................... 190
Water ............................................................................................................................................. 190
Water Supply ............................................................................................................................. 191
Power ............................................................................................................................................. 197
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) ................................................................... 197
Telegraph and Postal Services ................................................................................................. 197
Telecommunication Services ................................................................................................... 197
Institutional Capacity ...................................................................................................................199
Organization and Management.................................................................................................... 199
Powers and Functions of the Municipality of Subic ................................................................ 199
Branches of the Municipality of Subic ..................................................................................... 201
Departments and Offices ......................................................................................................... 203
Planning Mandates and Structure ........................................................................................... 204
Human Resources..................................................................................................................... 207
Existing Information Systems ................................................................................................... 211
NGA-Mandated Plans ................................................................................................................ 212
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Public Financial Management ...................................................................................................... 212
Revenue Generation ................................................................................................................. 212
Resource Allocation .................................................................................................................. 215
Fund Utilization ......................................................................................................................... 218
Development Legislation .......................................................................................................... 224
LGU-CSO-Private Sector Linkages ............................................................................................ 226
State of Local Governance ........................................................................................................... 228
Financial Administration and Sustainability ............................................................................ 228
Business-Friendliness and Competitiveness .......................................................................... 228
Disaster Preparedness ............................................................................................................. 229
Social Protection and Sensitivity .............................................................................................. 229
Environmental Management .................................................................................................... 231
Awards and Recognitions Received ............................................................................................. 231
References ...................................................................................................................................233
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List of Tables
Table 1: Soil Type ................................................................................................................................. 4

Table 2: Slope ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Table 3: Land Classification, 2020 ..................................................................................................... 8
Table 4: Land Cover, 1986, 2010 and 2015..................................................................................... 9
Table 5: Land Cover Definitions .......................................................................................................... 9
Table 6: Land Classification .............................................................................................................. 15
Table 7: Ancestral Lands ................................................................................................................... 16
Table 8: Tenure in Forestlands ......................................................................................................... 17
Table 9: Estimated Population by Barangay, by Classification. 2023 ............................................ 20
Table 10: Municipal Ordinances and Resolutions on Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) ..... 21
Table 11: Location Coordinates of the Fish Sanctuary ................................................................... 23
Table 12: Location Coordinates of Subic Marine Protected Area (MPA) ........................................ 23
Table 13: Location Coordinates of the Permanent MPA Monitoring Stations ............................... 24
Table 14: Criteria on Coral Reef Condition ....................................................................................... 25
Table 15: Coral Reef Composition, 2009 ......................................................................................... 26
Table 16: Result of the Line Intercept Method (LIT) Method Coral Survey in Subic MPA ............. 27
Table 17: Comparative Live Hard Coral Cover (%), 2011 and 2022 .............................................. 28
Table 18: Fish Species, 2009 ........................................................................................................... 28
Table 19: Profile of Coastal Barangays, 2023 ................................................................................. 29
Table 20: National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values ............................................................... 40
Table 21: Establishments with Permit to Operate as of October 2023 ......................................... 44
Table 22: Breakdown of General Land Uses, 1981 ........................................................................ 48
Table 23: Breakdown of Urban Land Uses, 1981 ........................................................................... 48
Table 26: Breakdown of Urban Land Uses, 2000 ........................................................................... 49
Table 27: Rainfall, 2019-2021 ......................................................................................................... 51
Table 28: Monthly Temperature, 2019-2021 .................................................................................. 52
Table 29: Monthly Relative Humidity, 2019-2021 .......................................................................... 54
Table 30: Built-up Areas Susceptible to Flooding ............................................................................ 68
Table 31: Population Susceptible to Flooding ................................................................................. 71
Table 32: Roads Susceptible to Flooding ......................................................................................... 74
Table 33: Built-up Areas Susceptible to Landslides ........................................................................ 78
Table 34: Population Susceptible to Landslide ............................................................................... 81
Table 35: Roads Susceptible to Landslide ....................................................................................... 84
Table 36: Population by Age Group and Gender, 2015 & 2020 .................................................... 88
Table 37: Household Population by Age Group and Gender, 2015 & 2020 ................................. 90
Table 38: Population composition by Age Group and Gender, 2015 ............................................. 91
Table 39: Age Dependency Ratio, 2015 .......................................................................................... 92
Table 40: Population, Household Population, Number of Households and Average
Household Size, 2015 ...................................................................................................... 92
Table 41: Urbanization Level for the Past 20 years ........................................................................ 94
Table 42: Population Density and Built-up Density by Barangay, 2015 ........................................ 95
Table 43: Growth Population Density for the Past 10 Years ........................................................... 98
Table 44: Population Growth Rate, 1903-2020 .............................................................................. 99
Table 45: Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) .................................................. 101
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Table 46: Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFRs), 2018-2022 ......................................................... 102
Table 47: Language Generally Spoken at Home ........................................................................... 103
Table 48: Religious Affiliation, 2015 .............................................................................................. 104
Table 49: Literacy by Gender, 2023 ............................................................................................... 106
Table 50: Illiterate by Gender by Barangay, 2023 ......................................................................... 106
Table 51: Population 10 Years Old and Over by Age Group, Gender and Marital Status,
2015 ................................................................................................................................ 107
Table 52: Total Population 7 Years Old and Over by Educational Attainment ............................. 108
Table 53: Projected Population and Number of Households ........................................................ 109
Table 54: Projected Population by Barangay, 2023-2034 ........................................................... 109
Table 55: Projected Number of Households, 2023-2034 ............................................................ 110
Table 56: Projected School-age, Working Age, Labor Force, and Dependent Population .......... 110
Table 57: Population 15 Years Old and Over by Gender and Employment Status, 2015 .......... 111
Table 58: Gainful Workers 15 Years Old and Over by Occupation Group, 2015 ......................... 112
Table 59: Gainful Workers 15 Years Old and Over by Major Kind of Business or
Industry by Gender, 2010 and 2015 ............................................................................. 114
Table 60: Employment Status, 2015-2021 ................................................................................... 115
Table 61: Family Income and Expenditure, 2012, 2015, 2018, & 2021 .................................... 115
Table 62: Total Family Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Central Luzon, 2018 ....................... 117
Table 63: Public School Facilities, 2023 ........................................................................................ 119
Table 64: Private School Facilities, 2023 ...................................................................................... 120
Table 65: Historical Enrollment by Level for the Past Five School Years ..................................... 120
Table 66: Projected School Age Population, 2018-2034 ............................................................. 122
Table 67: Number of Enrolled in Public Secondary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023.. 123
Table 68: Number of Graduated in Secondary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023 ......... 124
Table 69: Number of Dropouts in Secondary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023 ........... 124
Table 70: Number of Enrolled in Elementary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023 ........... 125
Table 71: Number of Graduated in Elementary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023 ....... 126
Table 72: Number of Dropouts in Elementary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023 .......... 127
Table 73: Standards on Student-Teacher and Student-Classroom Ratio .................................... 128
Table 74: Student-Teacher and Student-Classroom Ratio, SY 2018-2019 to SY 2022-2023 .. 128
Table 75: Health Facilities, 2023 ................................................................................................... 129
Table 76: Health Personnel, 2023 ................................................................................................. 129
Table 77: Projected Requirement for Barangay Health Station, 2024-2028 .............................. 130
Table 78: Projected Requirement for Barangay Health Station, 2029-2033 .............................. 130
Table 79: Projected Number of Health Personnel, 2024-2034 ................................................... 131
Table 80: Top Leading Causes of Mortality, 2015-2019 .............................................................. 132
Table 81: Registered Deaths by Age group, 2018-2022 .............................................................. 133
Table 82: Infant and Child Mortality Rate, 2018-2022 ................................................................. 134
Table 83: Malnourished children, 2023......................................................................................... 136
Table 84: Malnourished Children, 2019-2023 .............................................................................. 136
Table 85: Households without Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility, 2023....................................... 137
Table 86: Burial Grounds ................................................................................................................ 138
Table 87: Burial Ground Requirements, 2023-2034 .................................................................... 139
Table 88. Number of Households by Type of Solid Waste Disposal by Barangay, 2018 ............ 139
Table 89: Sanitary Landfill Land Area Requirement, 2030-2039 ................................................ 141
Table 90: Housing Situation for the Past Three Censal Years ...................................................... 141
Table 91: Tenure Status of the Housing Units, 2010 and 2015 .................................................. 143
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Table 92: Housing Backlog, 2007, 2010 and 2015 ..................................................................... 144
Table 93: Existing Subdivision as of October 2023....................................................................... 145
Table 94: Housing Facilities, 2010, 2015 and 2018 .................................................................... 146
Table 95: Government-Owned Lands ............................................................................................. 146
Table 96: Housing Requirement, 2023-2034 ............................................................................... 147
Table 97: Estimated Number of PWDs by Barangay and by Type of Disability, 2022 ................ 148
Table 98: Senior Citizens with ID, 2023 ......................................................................................... 150
Table 99: Protective Services, Facilities and Equipment, 2023 ................................................... 151
Table 100: Fire Incidences, 2018-2022 ........................................................................................ 152
Table 101: Victims of Crime, 2023................................................................................................. 153
Table 102: Projected Requirement for Police and Fire Personnel and Facilities ........................ 153
Table 103: Area Requirement for Municipal Park ......................................................................... 154
Table 104: Major Crops by Area and Annual Production, 2023 ................................................... 158
Table 105: Livestock and Poultry Farms, 2023 ............................................................................. 160
Table 106: Existing Fishing Grounds and Aquaculture Production, 2023 ................................... 161
Table 107: Irrigation System, 2023................................................................................................ 161
Table 108: Agricultural Facilities and Services .............................................................................. 162
Table 109: SAFDZ Areas, 1999 ...................................................................................................... 163
Table 110: Number of Business Establishments per Barangay, 2017-2021 ............................. 165
Table 111: Number of Establishments and Employment by Economic Activities,
2018 and 2021 ........................................................................................................... 166
Table 112: Number of Employment and Revenue on Business and Trade, 2018...................... 169
Table 113: Number of Establishments by Employment Size ........................................................ 172
Table 114: Industry Classification According to Degree of Hazard and Pollution ....................... 173
Table 115: Tourism Accommodation Establishments ................................................................... 176
Table 116: Tourism Facilities, 2023............................................................................................... 177
Table 117: Other Tourist Spots ....................................................................................................... 179
Table 118: Calendar of Festivals .................................................................................................... 180
Table 119: Tourist Arrival, 2022 ..................................................................................................... 182
Table 120: Inventory of Bridges ...................................................................................................... 186
Table 121: Inventory of Roads ........................................................................................................ 187
Table 122: Tricycle Terminals, 2023 .............................................................................................. 189
Table 123: Households with No Access to Safe Water, 2023 ...................................................... 191
Table 124: Water Supply Typical Model System ............................................................................ 191
Table 125: Level I Water Supply System by Type and Number of Population Served, 2023 ..... 192
Table 126: Water Sources of Level II Water Supply System, 2023 .............................................. 192
Table 127: Level II Water Supply System by Type and Number of Population Served, 2023 .... 193
Table 128: Water Distribution Line................................................................................................. 193
Table 129: Level III Local Waterworks System by Type and Number of Consumers
and Average Water Consumption per Month, 2022 ................................................. 194
Table 130: Water Requirement by Barangay and by Type of Consumer, 2023 .......................... 195
Table 131: Powers of the Municipality of Subic............................................................................. 201
Table 132: SB Standing Committees, 2022-2025 ........................................................................ 202
Table 133: Special Standing Committees ...................................................................................... 203
Table 134: Municipal Department and Offices per Sector ........................................................... 203
Table 135: Planning Structure ........................................................................................................ 204
Table 136: Municipal Development Council, 2022-2024 ............................................................ 205
Table 137: Plantilla Positions and Vacancies, 2013-present ....................................................... 207
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Table 138: Municipal Employees by Status of Appointment and Gender, 2023 ........................ 208
Table 139: Municipal Employees by Department and by Status of Appointment, 2023 ............ 209
Table 140: Municipal Employees by Gender and Age Group, 2023 ............................................ 209
Table 141: Educational Attainment of Municipal Employees, 2022 ............................................ 210
Table 142: Municipal Employees by Eligibility, 2023 .................................................................... 211
Table 143: Revenue from All Sources, 2018-2022 ...................................................................... 212
Table 144: Revenue from All Sources, 2018-2022 (cont’d.)........................................................ 213
Table 145: Municipal Development Goals ..................................................................................... 215
Table 146: Compliance in the Budget and Authorization Process, 2018-2020 ......................... 216
Table 147: Financial Requirements of Municipal Economic Enterprises (MEEs),
FY 2019-2021 ............................................................................................................. 217
Table 148: Expenditures, 2018-2022............................................................................................ 218
Table 149: Expenditures, 2018-2022 (cont’d.) ............................................................................. 219
Table 150: Fund Utilization, 2018-2022 ....................................................................................... 222
Table 151: Fund Utilization, 2018-2022 (cont’d.) ......................................................................... 222
Table 152: Local Codes ................................................................................................................... 224
Table 153: Enacted Resolutions and Ordinances by Sector, 2020-2022 ................................... 225
Table 154: Applicable Guidelines for the Selection of LSB Representatives .............................. 226
Table 155: Civil Society Organizations, 2023 ................................................................................ 227
Table 156: Awards and Recognitions, 2013-2023 ....................................................................... 232
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Soil Map ................................................................................................................................. 5

Figure 2: Landscape Map ..................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3: Slope Map .............................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 4: Location of Mount Redondo and Mount Balakibok ............................................................ 7
Figure 5: Elevation Map ........................................................................................................................ 8
Figure 6: Land Cover and Vegetation Map, 1986............................................................................ 10
Figure 7: Land Cover Map, 2010 ...................................................................................................... 10
Figure 8: Land Cover Map, 2015 ...................................................................................................... 11
Figure 9: Map of Known Active Faults in Central and Northern Luzon........................................... 11
Figure 10: Distribution of Active Faults in Central Luzon, 2021 ..................................................... 12
Figure 11: Ground Rupture Hazard Map of the Province of Zambales, 2021 ............................... 13
Figure 12: Subic’s Distance to West Valley Fault ............................................................................ 14
Figure 13: Subic’s Distance to Iba Fault .......................................................................................... 14
Figure 14: Drainage System Map, 2000 .......................................................................................... 15
Figure 15: Land Classification Map 2020 ........................................................................................ 16
Figure 16: Ancestral Lands ............................................................................................................... 17
Figure 17: Bigger Watershed Map .................................................................................................... 18
Figure 18: Sto. Tomas Watershed Administrative Map, 2022........................................................ 19
Figure 19: Subic Municipal Waters ................................................................................................... 21
Figure 20: Foreshore Zone Map........................................................................................................ 22
Figure 21: Fish Sanctuary in Cawag ................................................................................................. 23
Figure 22: Map of the Core Zone and Buffer Zone of Subic MPA ................................................... 24
Figure 23: Map Showing the Monitoring Stations for Subic MPA ................................................... 25
Figure 24: Percentage of Coral Reef Composition, 2009 ............................................................... 26
Figure 25: Underwater Pictures of Corral Assessment in Subic MPA, March 23-25, 2022 ......... 27
Figure 26: Coastal Resources Map of Baraca-Camachile, 2009 ................................................... 30
Figure 27: Coastal Resources Map of Calapacuan, 2009 .............................................................. 31
Figure 28: Coastal Resources Map of Calapandayan, 2009 .......................................................... 32
Figure 29: Coastal Resources Map of Cawag, 2009 ....................................................................... 33
Figure 30: Coastal Resources Map of Matain, 2009 ...................................................................... 34
Figure 31: Coastal Resources Map of Wawandue ........................................................................... 35
Figure 32: Calendar Diagram of Baraca-Camachile ........................................................................ 36
Figure 33: Calendar Diagram of Calapacuan, 2009 ....................................................................... 36
Figure 34: Calendar Diagram of Calapandayan, 2009 ................................................................... 36
Figure 35: Calendar Diagram of Cawag, 2009 ................................................................................ 37
Figure 36: Calendar Diagram of Matain, 2009................................................................................ 37
Figure 37: Calendar Diagram of Wawandue, 2009 ......................................................................... 37
Figure 38: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Baraca-Camachile (1960-2009) .................................... 38
Figure 39: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Calapacuan (1980-2009)............................................... 38
Figure 40: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Calapandayan, (1970-2009).......................................... 38
Figure 41: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Matain (1970-1999) ....................................................... 39
Figure 42: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Wawandue (1970-1999) ................................................ 39
Figure 43: Annual Average Concentration of CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 (2016-2021)...................... 40
Figure 44: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (TSP), 2023 .................................................. 41
Figure 45. Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM10), 2023 ............................................... 42
Figure 46: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM2.5), 2023 .............................................. 42
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Figure 47: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM10), 2021 ............................................... 43
Figure 48: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM2.5), 2021 .............................................. 43
Figure 49: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (TSP), 2021 .................................................. 44
Figure 50: Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010) ................................................................ 50
Figure 51: Monthly Rainfall, 2019-2021 ......................................................................................... 51
Figure 52: Annual Rainfall, 2019-2021 ........................................................................................... 52
Figure 53: Monthly Highest Temperature, 2019-2021 ................................................................... 53
Figure 54: Monthly Lowest Temperature, 2019-2021 .................................................................... 53
Figure 55: Monthly Average Temperature, 2019-2021 .................................................................. 53
Figure 56: Annual Relative Humidity, 2019-2021........................................................................... 54
Figure 57: Average Relative Humidity .............................................................................................. 54
Figure 58: Subic 20-year Return Period Severe Wind Hazard Map................................................ 55
Figure 59: Barangay Map .................................................................................................................. 56
Figure 60: Built-up Areas Map .......................................................................................................... 57
Figure 61: Modified Population density Data Map .......................................................................... 58
Figure 62: Population Map ................................................................................................................ 58
Figure 63: River System Map ............................................................................................................ 59
Figure 64: Location Map ................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 65: Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map .................................................................. 60
Figure 66: Ground shaking Hazard Map .......................................................................................... 61
Figure 67: Liquefaction Hazard Map ................................................................................................ 62
Figure 68: Tsunami Hazard Map....................................................................................................... 63
Figure 69: Geohazard Map................................................................................................................ 64
Figure 70: Geologic Map ................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 71: Geologic Map, 2016 ........................................................................................................ 66
Figure 72: Detailed Landslide and Flood Hazard Map, 2016......................................................... 67
Figure 73: Built-up Areas at Risk to Flooding ................................................................................... 68
Figure 74: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to High to Very High Flood ........................................... 69
Figure 75: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to Moderate Flood ....................................................... 70
Figure 76: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to Low Flood ................................................................. 70
Figure 77: Population at Risk to Flooding ........................................................................................ 71
Figure 78: Map of Population Exposed to High to Very High Flood ................................................ 72
Figure 79: Map of Population Exposed to Moderate Flood ............................................................. 73
Figure 80: Map of Population Exposed to Low Flood ...................................................................... 73
Figure 81: Roads at Risk to Flooding................................................................................................ 75
Figure 82: Map of Roads Exposed to High to Very High Flood ........................................................ 75
Figure 83: Map of Roads Exposed to Moderate Flood .................................................................... 76
Figure 84: Map of Roads Exposed to Low Flood.............................................................................. 77
Figure 85: Built-up Areas at Risk to Landslides ............................................................................... 78
Figure 86: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to High to Very High Landslide .................................... 79
Figure 87: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to Moderate Landslide ................................................ 80
Figure 88: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to Low Landslide .......................................................... 80
Figure 89: Population at Risk to Landslide ...................................................................................... 81
Figure 90: Map of Population Exposed to High to Very High Landslide ......................................... 82
Figure 91: Map of Population Exposed to Moderate Landslide ...................................................... 83
Figure 92: Map of Population Exposed to Low Landslide ............................................................... 83
Figure 93: Roads at Risk to Landslides ............................................................................................ 84
Figure 94: Map of Roads Exposed to High to Very High Landslide ................................................. 85
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Figure 95: Map of Roads Exposed to Moderate Landslide ............................................................. 86
Figure 96: Map of Roads Exposed to Low Landslide....................................................................... 86
Figure 97: Male-female Population, 2015 & 2020 ......................................................................... 89
Figure 98: Population Participation Rate by Age Group, 2020 ....................................................... 89
Figure 99: Male-female Population by Age Group, 2020 ................................................................ 90
Figure 100: Population Composition by Age Group & Gender, 2015 ............................................ 91
Figure 101: Population and Household Population, 2015 ............................................................. 93
Figure 102: Urbanization Level and Tempo of Urbanization, 1995-2020 ..................................... 94
Figure 103: Population Density by Barangay, 2015........................................................................ 96
Figure 104: Built-up Density by Barangay, 2015............................................................................. 97
Figure 105: Population Density Map, 2015 ..................................................................................... 97
Figure 106: Growth Population Density, 2010-2020 ...................................................................... 98
Figure 107: Rate of Natural Increase (RNI), 2018-2022 ................................................................ 99
Figure 108: Historical Population Growth, 1903-2020................................................................. 100
Figure 109: Historical Population Growth Rates, 1903-2020 ...................................................... 100
Figure 110: Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) for the Past Five Years ........ 101
Figure 111: Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFRs), 2018-2022 ...................................................... 102
Figure 112: Infant Mortality Rate, 2018-2022 .............................................................................. 102
Figure 113: Language Generally Spoken at Home, 2015 ............................................................ 103
Figure 114: Religious Affiliation, 2015........................................................................................... 104
Figure 115: Number of Illiterates by Barangay, 2023................................................................... 106
Figure 116: Marital Status Distribution, 2015 .............................................................................. 107
Figure 117: Highest Educational Attainment, 2015...................................................................... 108
Figure 118: Zambales Labor Force, 2015 ..................................................................................... 111
Figure 119: Gainful Workers 15 Years Old & Over by Occupation Group, 2015 ......................... 112
Figure 120: Gainful Workers by Occupation Group, 2015 ............................................................ 113
Figure 121: Gainful Workers by Industry, 2010 ............................................................................ 113
Figure 122: Unemployment and Underemployment Rate, 2015-2021 ....................................... 115
Figure 123: Average Annual Family Income and Expenditure of Zambales, 2018 and 2021 ... 116
Figure 124: Total Number of Families, Average Annual Family Income and Expenditure by
Income Class, Region III, 2018 ................................................................................. 116
Figure 125: Total Family Expenditure by Expenditure Group and by Income Class, Central
Luzon, 2018 ............................................................................................................... 117
Figure 126: Total Enrollment (2018-2023) ................................................................................... 121
Figure 127: Enrollment in Public Schools (2018-2023) ............................................................... 121
Figure 128: Enrollment in Private Schools (2018-2023) .............................................................. 122
Figure 129: Top Leading Causes of Mortality by Average Number of Death, 2018-2022 ......... 131
Figure 130: Rates of the Top Leading Causes of Mortality, 2019 ............................................... 133
Figure 131: Infant and Young Child Mortality Rate, 2018-2022 .................................................. 134
Figure 132. Top 10 Leading Causes of Infant Mortality: Central Luzon, 2017 ........................... 135
Figure 133. Top 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity: Central Luzon, 2019 .................................... 135
Figure 134: Percentage of Malnutrition, 2019-2023.................................................................... 137
Figure 135: Households with No Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility, 2023 ................................... 138
Figure 136: Percentage of Households by Type of Solid Waste Disposal, 2018 ........................ 140
Figure 137: Segregated vs. Not Segregated Solid Waste ............................................................. 140
Figure 138: Rate of Increase of Households, Household Population, and Occupied
Housing Units for the Past Three Censal Years........................................................ 142
xix
Figure 139: Ratio of Households and Household Population to Occupied Housing Units for
the Past Four Censal Years ....................................................................................... 142
Figure 140: Percentage of Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status, 2015 ............................. 143
Figure 141: Percentage of Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status, 2010 and 2015 ........... 143
Figure 142: Percentage of Housing Backlog by Type of Housing Unit, 2007, 2010 and 2015 . 144
Figure 143: Total Number of Housing Backlog, 2007, 2010, and 2015 .................................... 144
Figure 144: Number of PWDs by Barangay, 2022 ........................................................................ 149
Figure 145: Number of PWDs by Type of Disability, 2022 ............................................................ 149
Figure 146: 2014-2024 General Land Use Map ........................................................................... 156
Figure 147: Land Area Devoted to Agricultural Crops, 2023 ........................................................ 157
Figure 148: Land Area Devoted to Permanent Crops, 2023 ........................................................ 157
Figure 149: Land Area Devoted to Temporary Crops, 2023 ......................................................... 158
Figure 150: Number of Heads Produced in Livestock Farms, 2023 ............................................ 160
Figure 151: Number of Heads Produced in Poultry Farms, 2023 ................................................ 160
Figure 152: SAFDZ Map, 1999 ....................................................................................................... 163
Figure 153: Number of Business Establishments, 2017-2021 ................................................... 165
Figure 154: Number of Commercial Establishments by Economic Activities, 2018 & 2021 ..... 167
Figure 155: Number of Employment in Commercial Establishments, 2018 & 2021 ................. 168
Figure 156: Revenue from Commercial Establishments by Economic Activities, 2018 ............. 170
Figure 157: Keppel Subic Shipyard ................................................................................................ 171
Figure 158: Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction-Philippines, Inc. (HHIC-PHIL) ................. 171
Figure 159. Nanusci, Inc. ................................................................................................................ 172
Figure 160: Club Morocco Beach Resort and Residential Estates (Cawag) ................................ 175
Figure 161: White Rock Beach Hotel and Waterpark.................................................................... 175
Figure 162: Mt. Balingkilat .............................................................................................................. 179
Figure 163: Balon Falls ................................................................................................................... 180
Figure 164: Tourist Arrival, 2022 .................................................................................................... 184
Figure 165: Percentage of Roads by Type of Pavement, 2014 .................................................... 187
Figure 166: Level III Connections and Average Consumption, 2023 ........................................... 193
Figure 167: Percentage of Water Requirement by Type of Consumer, 2023 ............................. 194
Figure 168: Residential Water Requirement by Barangay, 2023 ................................................ 195
Figure 169: Commercial Water Requirement by Barangay, 2023 ............................................... 196
Figure 170: Institutional Water Requirement by Barangay, 2023 ............................................... 196
Figure 171: Total Water Requirement by Barangay, 2023 ........................................................... 197
Figure 172: Municipality of Subic Organizational Structure ......................................................... 200
Figure 173: Full-blown Organization Structure of MPDO .............................................................. 206
Figure 174: Number of Plantilla Positions and Vacancies, 2013 to 2023 .................................. 207
Figure 175: Employee Distribution by Status of Appointment, 2023 .......................................... 208
Figure 176: Employee Distribution by Status of Appointment and Gender, 2023 ...................... 208
Figure 177: Age-Gender Population of Municipal Employees, 2023 ........................................... 210
Figure 178: Educational Attainment of Municipal Employees, 2023 .......................................... 210
Figure 179: Municipal Employees by Eligibility, 2023................................................................... 211
Figure 180: Total Revenue, 2018-2022 ........................................................................................ 213
Figure 181: Revenue from All Sources, 2018-2022 ..................................................................... 214
Figure 182: Average Revenue from Local Sources, 2018-2022 .................................................. 214
Figure 183: Average Revenue from External Sources, 2018-2022 ............................................. 215
Figure 184: Expenditure by Category/Expense Class, 2018-2022 .............................................. 220
Figure 185: Average Expenditure by Category/Expense Class, 2018-2022 ............................... 220
xx
Figure 186: Average Expenditure by Function, 2018-2022 ......................................................... 221
Figure 187: Development Fund Utilization, 2018-2022 ............................................................... 222
Figure 188: 70% DRRM Fund Utilization, 2018-2022 .................................................................. 223
Figure 189: Total Ordinances and Resolutions, 2020-2022 ........................................................ 226
xxi
1
Chapter 1
Subic Then and Now
History
The early inhabitants of Subic were the Negritos of Zambales (more popularly known as Aetas). At the
end of the Pleistocene, seafarers from the Malay Peninsula of the Asian mainland sailed to the
Southeast Asian islands, establishing pockets of population. The Malays were the first migrants to
reach Zambales and drove the Negrito aborigines from the plains and valleys to the mountains. They
found themselves at the western coastal plain of Luzon between Subic Bay and Lingayen Gulf.
The town of Subic was founded by the Augustinian Friar, Father Rodrigo de San Miguel in 1607. The
Spanish government christianized the Negritos and made them subjects of Spain. However, there were
resistance by the Negritos and they continued to defy the government. In 1884, King Alfonso II issued a
Royal Decree officially declaring Subic Bay as a naval port and Subic became Spain’s stronghold in the
Far East. After the Spanish-American war, which erupted in April 25, 1898, the U.S naval forces took
over Subic and its Bay, whose deep harbor was regarded by Admiral George Dewey as having no
equal in the Philippine Islands.
In 1901, the U.S. Navy designated Subic Bay as a repair and supply naval base site. U.S. President
Theodore Roosevelt issued an executive order in 1903 designating 70,000 acres of land including
Subic as an American military reservation because of its strategic importance. Nearly 50% of Subic’s
original land area became part of the military reservation area.
Subic was in ruins after the Japanese bombers and fighter planes attacked Subic Bay and Olongapo on
December 14, 1941. During the Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945, Subic served as a monitoring
and defense facility of the Japanese Imperial Army until the end of World War II. On January 29, 1945,
40,000 troops landed in Zambales and advanced through Subic Bay to regain control of the base.
Olongapo, a barrio of Subic and part of the U.S. Military Reservations was turned over to the
Philippines and converted into a municipality by virtue of Executive Order No. 366 issued by then
President Carlos P. Garcia in December 7, 1959. Based on census data, this milestone in Subic’s
history resulted in the drastic reduction of the town’s population by more than half, from 25,233 to
12,985 in 1948 and 1960, respectively.
The U.S. Navy had utilized Subic Bay as a base under the 1947 Military Bases Agreement. However, in
1991 the extension of this Agreement was rejected by the Senate of the Philippines and the U.S.
facilities were turned over to the government in 1992. Republic Act No. 7227 or the Bases Conversion
and Development Act of 1992 formulated the Subic Special Economic and Freeport Zone (SSEFZ) and
established the administrative organization named the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA). The
SSEFZ includes the Municipality of Subic. SBMA anticipates a gradual expansion of the Freeport Zone
with Olongapo City and Subic Town as the initial areas targeted for immediate development. Subic
today as a town is separate and distinct from SBMA and from Olongapo City.
2
Development Directions
1. Allocate land areas for future development needs

2. Maintain ecological balance
3. Preserve unique or special natural features such as wildlife sanctuaries, forest reserves, etc.
4. Conserve and manage environmentally critical areas
5. Promote and implement a shelter plan
6. Promote an efficient circulation system
3
4
Chapter 2
Ecosystem Analysis
This chapter presents studies conducted by various national agencies to help the Municipality develop
a better understanding of its ecosystem’s interrelationships from the mountains to the seas. It includes
the analysis of Subic’s forest and costal resources, as well as the potential impact of climate change
and various natural hazards.
Land and Water Resources
Land Resources
Land Characteristics
Soil Type
The Bureau of Soils and Water Management’s (BSWM) “National Soil Health Program (NSHP) have
just been recently concluded for the Province of Zambales thus updated soil map for the Province of
Zambales is not yet available as of to date” (Nilo, 2023). Hence, data from the Comprehensive Land
Use Plan 2001-2010 was utilized to present the soil survey data for Subic.
Table 1: Soil Type

Total Area
Barangay Soil Type Suitability % to Total
Covered (ha)
Batiawan Undifferentiated Mountain Soil Suitable for agriculture 13,641.95 53.49
Cawag, Batiawan, Asinan

Poblacion, Ilwas, Asinan Proper, Antipolo Clay Suitable for agriculture 9,220.46 36.15
Naugsol, Wawandue
Pamatawan, Aningway-Sacatihan,
Mangan-vaca, portion of Baraca- Quingua silt loam soil Suitable for agriculture 2,058.85 8.07
Camachile, San Isidro
Calapandayan, Calapacuan, Not suitable for
Hydrosoil 584.75 2.29
Matain, Sto. Tomas agriculture
Total 25,506.01 100.00
Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2001-2010, Socio-Economic and Physical Profile
Note: Total Areas Covered totaling to 25,391.65 hectares were adjusted to match with the total land area of 25,506.01
hectares
The predominant soil type is the Undifferentiated mountain soils covering most of the Redondo
Peninsula
Notes: and the Batiawan area. This soil type covers a total of 13,580.79 hectares or 53.49% of the
total• land area
Soil type: clay,ofclay
theloam,
Municipality.
silty clay loam,The Antipolo
silty loam, loam, clay
sandycovers 9,179.12 hectares (36.15%) and is found
loam, sand
• Suitability: suitable/unsuitable for agriculture
along hilly areas of Cawag and Batiawan and lowland areas of Asinan-Poblacion, Ilwas, Asinan Proper,
Naugsol, Wawandue, and a portion of the Batiawan. The Quingua silt loam soil extends to about
2,049.62 hectares (8.07%) and is found in Pamatawan, Aningway-Sacatihan, Mangan-vaca, a portion
of Baraca-Camachile, and San Isidro. The last soil type, the Hydrosoil covers only 582.13 hectares
(2.29%) and can be found in some portions of the lowland barangays of Calapandayan, Calapacuan,
Matain, and Sto. Tomas (Figure 1).
5
Figure 1: Soil Map
The description for the various soil types is given below: (Subic Conversion Sub-Program Vol. 4, 1990).
Quingua series: The surface soils of this series appear as light brown, yellowish brown, to brown silt
loam to fine sandy loam with abundant red to chocolate brown streaks. The surface soil is loose and
somewhat porous. The subsoil, on the other hand, is light brown silty clay loam to clay. It is one of the
highly priced agricultural land in Zambales.
Antipolo series: The soils in this series appear as red or reddish brown and believed to have
originated from volcanic igneous rocks, which are mostly andesites. The Antipolo clay type under the
series occupies lower elevations of mountainsides and foothills of Subic, which for the most part is
under second growth forest. Fruit trees and diversified annual crops are grown. Due to its undulating to
rolling topography, the soil is susceptible to erosion. Antipolo clay soils are slightly acidic and low in
phosphorous. To reduce erosion in cultivated areas, contour tillage, strip cropping or terracing are
desirable.
Hydrosoil type: This miscellaneous soil type is found in the coastal areas, of Subic and therefore,
could be under water throughout the year. Although, these soils are not suited for cultivation of
agricultural crops, they are suitable for growing mangroves and mangrove-associated species such as
nipa palms. They can also be used as substrate for fishponds and saltbeds.
Mountain soils, undifferentiated: This soil series is called as such because they occupy the sites
which have not been fully classified nor surveyed. This soil series is found in heavily forested and the
rugged terrain which makes them inaccessible during site inventory.
6
Topography, Slope, and Elevation
Subic’s topography is characterized by rolling and rugged mountainous terrain. Based on landscape
map, mountainous regions account for more than half (61.33%) of the total land area of Subic. Hilly and
lowland areas have coverage of 26.33% and 12.04%, respectively (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Landscape Map

Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2001-2010
In terms of slope, a large portion of Subic, about 11,191.22 hectares (43.88%) have slopes ranging
from 18-30 (rolling to moderately steep). Another 7,476.50 hectares (29.31%) have been classified as
having slopes 0-18% (level to rolling). Collectively, about 18,029.51 (70.69%) of the total land area of
Subic have slopes greater than 18% (Figure 3).
Table 2: Slope
Area Covered % to
Slope Category Description Suitability
(ha) Total
0-18% level to rolling 7,476.50 29.31 urban use
18-30% rolling to moderately steep 11,191.22 43.88 forest use
30-50% steep 5,537.34 21.71 forest use
>50% very steep 1,300.95 5.10 forest use
Total 25,506.01 100.00
Source: Subic Forest Land Use Plan 2021-2025
hectares
7
Figure 3: Slope Map
The highest registered elevation within the Municipality is Mount Redondo measuring 1,071 meters and
located on the southwest (Figure 4). On the east of the municipality is another peak, Mt. Balakibok,
measuring 843 meters. The only level areas with 0-2 meters elevation above sea level is the Subic
Poblacion which is situated in a valley adjoining Subic Bay (Figure 5).
Figure 4: Location of Mount Redondo and Mount Balakibok

Source: mapcarta.com [image captured on August 22, 2023]
8
Figure 5: Elevation Map
Land Classification
More than two-thirds of the total land area is classified as Alienable and Disposable Land accounting to
17,327.16 hectares, while the remaining 32.07% is classified as Forest Lands.
Table 3: Land Classification, 2020

Land Classification Total Area Covered (ha) % to Total
Alienable & Disposable Land 17,327.16 67.93
Forest Land 8,178.85 32.07
Total 25,506.01 100.00
Source: Subic Forest Land Use Plan 2021-2025, p. 28
hectares
Land Cover
1986 data showed only four (4) land covers: brush/shrubs, grassland, inland water, and perennial
wherein brush/shrubs cover around 55% of the total land area. Correspondingly, 1.90% of the total
land area of 25,391.66 covering 482 hectares showed no data (Figure 6). On the other hand, seven
(7) additional land covers were identified by the DENR in 2010: built-up, fishpond, wooded grassland,
mangrove forest, open forest, and open/barren. Grassland and open forest covers make up 28.47%
and 26.53% of the total land area, respectively (Figure 7). Comparing the 2010 and 2015 DENR data
on land cover, brush-shrubs registered the largest increase in percentage from 14.76% in 2010 to
33.48% in 2015 (Figure 8).
9
Table 4: Land Cover, 1986, 2010 and 2015
1986 (BSWM) 2010 (DENR) 2015 (DENR)
Area Area Increase/Decrease Area Increase/Decrease
Land Cover % to % to % to
Covered Covered (1986-2010) Covered (2010-2015)
Total Total Total
(ha) (ha) (ha)
Annual Crop 0.00 0.00 994.70 3.90 994.70 - 905.38 3.55 -89.33 -8.98
Brush/Shrubs 14,057.27 55.35 3,764.62 14.76 -10,292.65 -73.22 8,540.56 33.48 4,775.95 126.86
Built-up 0.00 0.00 1,296.93 5.08 1,296.93 - 1,320.87 5.18 23.94 1.85
Fishpond 0.00 0.00 295.36 1.16 295.36 - 232.58 0.91 -62.78 -21.26
Grassland 8,725.18 34.35 7,260.54 28.47 -1,464.64 -16.79 6,244.78 24.48 -1,015.76 -13.99
Wooded grassland 0.00 0.00 4,002.99 15.69 4,002.99 - 0.00 0.00 -4,002.99 -100.00
Inland Water 500.98 1.97 38.37 0.15 -462.61 -92.34 27.09 0.11 -11.28 -29.39
Mangrove Forest 0.00 0.00 107.16 0.42 107.16 - 9.43 0.04 -97.73 -91.20
Open Forest 0.00 0.00 6,766.01 26.53 6,766.01 - 7,558.46 29.63 792.45 11.71
Open/Barren 0.00 0.00 3.51 0.01 3.51 - 13.89 0.05 10.37 295.14
Perennial Crop 1,626.16 6.40 975.81 3.83 -650.35 -39.99 652.96 2.56 -322.85 -33.08
No data 482.07 1.90 0.00 0.00 -482.07 -100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -
Total 25,391.66 98.07 25,506.01 100.00 25,506.01 100.00
Source: Subic Forest Land Use Plan 2021-2025 & Subic Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2001-2010
Notes:
1. 1986 data is based on the Subic CLUP 2001-2010 (Figure 6)
2. 2010 and 2015 data are based on the Subic FLUP 2021-2025
3. Total areas of land cover totaling to 25,398.79 hectares were adjusted to match with the total land area of 25,506.01
hectares
Table 5: Land Cover Definitions

Land Cover
Definition
Classification
Annual Crop Land cultivated with crops with a growing cycle of up to one year, which must be newly sown or planted
land for further production after harvesting.
Brush land An area characterized by discontinuous cover of shrubby and noon wood vegetation including grasses.
Built-up Composed of areas of intensive use with much of the land covered by structures. It includes cities,
towns, villages, strip developments along highways, transportation, power, and communication,
facilities, and areas occupied by mills, shopping centers, etc.
Fishpond Bodies of water surrounded by land
Grassland Areas predominantly vegetated with grasses such as Imperata, Themada, Saccharum spp., among
others.
Wooded Areas predominantly vegetated with grasses, such as Imperata, Themeda, Saccharum and where
Grassland the trees cover between 5 to 10% of the area and their height may reach 5 meters at maturity.
Inland Water The bodies of water surrounded by land (e.g. rivers, lakes, streams, mudflats, ponds or fishponds, dams
and reservoirs).
Mangrove Forested wetland growing along tidal mudflats and along shallow water coastal areas extending inland
Forest along rivers, streams and their tributaries where the water is generally brackish and composed mainly
of Rhizopora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Avicenia, and Aegicera spp.
Open Forest Forest formations with discontinuous tree layer but with coverage of at least 10 percent and less than
40 percent. They are either managed or unmanaged forests, in initial state of succession. Generally,
there is a continuous grass layer allowing grazing and spreading of fires.
Open/Barren Land not covered by (semi-) natural or artificial cover. This includes among others, sand dunes, river
wash, lahar-laden areas and rocky or stony areas.
Perennial Land cultivated with long term crops that do not have to replanted for several years after each harvest.
Cropland Harvesting components are not timber but fruits, latex and other products that do not significantly harm
the growth of the planted trees or shrubs.
Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Service
10
Figure 6: Land Cover and Vegetation Map, 1986
Source: Subic Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2001-2010
Figure 7: Land Cover Map, 2010

11
Figure 8: Land Cover Map, 2015
Faults
According to a study conducted by

Rimando & Rimando (2020), there are
some active faults passing through
Central Luzon and Northern Luzon, such
as Coastal Thrust Fault (CTF), Philippine
Fault Zone (PFZ), Vigan-Aggao Fault
(VAF), Pugo Fault (PF), Tebbo Fault
(TeF), Tuba Fault (TuF), Digdig Fault
(DF), East Zambales Fault (EZF), and
Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS)
(Figure 9)
This information could indicate a

considerable possibility for the
occurrence of earthquakes in these
areas. A more detailed map of active
faults in Central Luzon is shown in
Figure 10.
Figure 9: Map of Known Active Faults in Central and Northern

Luzon
Source: Rimando & Rimando (2020), p.2
12
Subic is located near the Manila Trench lying west of the Luzon Island. The North Luzon Ridge and
North Luzon Trough forming a focal mechanism of strike-slip type characterizes this trench.
On the other hand, there is only one active fault in Zambales, the Iba Fault, which passes through the
municipalities of Botolan, Iba, Palauig, Masinloc, Candelaria, and Sta. Cruz (Figure 11). Dasol Fault in
the Province of Pangasinan also traverses the northern portion of the Municipality of Santa Cruz. The
East Zambales Fault (EZF) can be traced in the provinces of Pangasinan and Tarlac.
Figure 10: Distribution of Active Faults in Central Luzon, 2021

Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS. Retrieved at https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/gisweb/storage/hazard-maps/region-
iii-(central-luzon)/regional/earthquake/ground-rupture-(active-fault)/aft_2021_030000000_02.png
13
Figure 11: Ground Rupture Hazard Map of the Province of Zambales, 2021
Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS. Retrieved at https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/gisweb/earthquake-volcano-related-hazard-
gis-information#
14
Using the PHIVOLCS’ FaultFinder App, Subic’s distance to the nearest active fault trace, which is the
West Valley Fault (WVF) is 94.7 km. (Figure 12), while its distance to Iba Fault is 34.6 km. (Figure 13).
Figure 12: Subic’s Distance to West Valley Fault Figure 13: Subic’s Distance to Iba Fault
Source: PHIVOLCS FaultFinder App [image captured on Source: PHIVOLCS FaultFinder App [image captured on
August 16, 2023] August 16, 2023]
Water Characteristics
Physical Oceanography
Recent physical oceanographic study for Subic Bay reveals a weak circulation that is mainly driven by
the wind and the tide. Observed surface currents during moderate wind conditions ranged from a very
low velocity of about 3 centimeters per second to a maximum of about 21 centimeters per second. This
shows very little or almost no stratification within the water column during the dry season. Temperature
and salinity changes with depth (about 2 degrees centigrade and 2 parts per thousand, respectively)
during an actual field measurement are insignificant to cause stratification in Subic Bay. These
oceanographic characteristics of the area imply a well-mixed coastal sea and an almost homogeneous
dilution of pollution loads in the water column. Furthermore, pollutants are transported slowly away from
the source. Because of the weak circulation in the bay, sediments accumulate in many areas and could
result to a potentially harmful siltation problem. Pollutants such as nutrients and total suspended solids
emanating from agricultural, domestic and industrial sources could also accumulate inside the bay
especially within the eastern coastal areas where flushing is apparently minimal. Nutrient accumulation
15
eventually could lead to a net eutrophication and excessive algal growth in the bay (Municipality of
Subic, 2001).
Figure 14: Drainage System Map, 2000

Forest Ecosystem
Land classification
Lands in Subic are classified into Alienable and Disposable (A&D) and Forestlands, wherein forestlands
comprise the largest area of 17,327.16 hectares (67.93%) while the remaining 8,178.85 hectares
(32.07%) are A&D.
Table 6: Land Classification

Land Classification Area %
Alienable & Disposable (A & D) 8,178.85 32.07
Forestlands 17,327.16 67.93
Total 25,506.01 100.00
Source: Forest Land Use Plan of Subic, Zambales 2021-2025
Note: Land areas are recomputed based on the rate of land classification as per the CENRO's baseline population of
25,398.79 to match with the 25,506.01 total land area of Subic as per CLUP 2001-2010.
Note: Land areas are recomputed based on the rate of land

classification as per the CENRO's baseline population of 25,398.79
to match with the 25,506.01 total land area of Subic
16
Figure 15: Land Classification Map 2020
Out of the 17,327.16 hectares of forest lands, 14,200.52 hectares are identified and/or registered
ancestral lands. These are located in Aningway-Sacatihan, Batiawan, Cawag and Naugsol and are
composed of 581 families or 2,791 individuals belonging to Indigenous Cultural Communities.
Table 7: Ancestral Lands

Indigenous Cultural
Remarks (indicate conflics
Barangay Sitio Communities Land Area (Has.) Status of CADC/CADT
with other claimants)
Families Individuals
Aningway-Sacatihan Gala 111 441 2,440.0000 Identified AD
Registered AD (Part of
Batiawan (portion) 5,457.7106 Floridablanca AD: R03-FLO-
Malipano, Sampaloc, Papaya, 1206-057-A)
181 904
Mapasigpasig, Paitan, Marubu
Identified AD (with application
Batiawan 2,000.0000 Estimated land area only
dated January 13, 2013)
Identified AD (part of R-III-ZAM-

Cabangaan, San Martin
Cawag (portion) 202 1,011 3,000.0000 005-AD, with Nagsasa, San Estimated land area only
Resettlement
Antonio)
Ongoing delineation process

Naugsol Alibang, Tibag, Timbre 87 435 1,302.8113 (R03-SUB-0116-199; for
DENR reprojection)
Total 581 2,791 14,200.5219

Source: National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) Regional Office III [Letter from Atty. Roland P. Calde to Hon.
Source: National Commission on Indigenous Peoples Region III, June 06, 2023
Mayor Jonathan John F. Khonghun, June 06, 2023]
Notes:
Notes:
1. AD - Ancestral Dominain; CADC - Certificate of Ancestral Claim; CADT - Certificate of Ancestral Domain
1. AD - Ancestral Domain
2. CADC - Certificate of Ancestral Claim
3. CADT - Certificate of Ancestral Domain
17
Aningway-
Sacatihan Batiawan
Naugsol
Cawag
Figure 16: Ancestral Lands

Source: National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) Regional Office III, June 06, 2023
Note: Google Earth image showing the Ancestral Domains is based on the KMZ files from the NCIP
Table 8: Tenure in Forestlands

Tenurial Instrument Holder Location Affected
Instrument Number Watershed
Community-Based 30202006 New Tibag Multi- Sitio Tibag, Sto. Tomas
Management Purpose Naugsol Watershed
Agreement Cooperative
(CBFMA) (NTMPC)
Source: Integrated Watershed Management Plan of Sto. Tomas Watershed, p.25
Watersheds
Subic has four (4) identified watersheds (CLUP 2001-2010):
The Malagan watershed has an area of 2,700 hectares, about 80% of which has a slope greater than
18%. About 78.8% of the area has an elevation range of 0-300 meters above sea level. It is traversed
by 3 kilometers of major streams and 41.5 kilometers of tributaries. The land is predominantly savannah
and brush land with only about 5.8% constituting the build-up area. The catchment area has soil types
classified into 60.6% Antipolo clay loam, 32.2% mountain soils, and 7.2% Quingua silt loam.
The Calapandayan watershed has an area of 1,500 hectares. The topography is generally flat to
moderately steep with 36.0% and 63.8% belonging to 0-18% and greater than 36% slopes,
respectively. More than 85% of the area has an elevation range of 0-300 meters above sea level. It is
traversed by 2.5 kilometers of major streams and 20 kilometers of minor tributaries. The catchment
basin is mainly savannah and brush land which constitutes 94.8% of the area. Its soils are classified as
Antipolo clay loam, mountain soils, and Quingua silt loam at 70.2%, 22.8%, and 7.0% distribution,
respectively.
18
The Quinabucsan watershed is located in Barangay Cawag with an area of 1,200 hectares. The
topography is generally rugged with more than 90% of the area having slopes greater than 18%. About
85% of the land has an elevation range of 0-300 meters above sea level. The basin is traversed by 1.25
kilometers of major streams and 24 kilometers of tributaries. The area is predominantly grassland with
about 60% covered with cogon. Only 26.8% of the watershed is forested. Its soils are classified under
the mountain soil series. About half of the area is highly susceptible to erosion.
The Basilio watershed is also located in Barangay Cawag with an area of 3,200 hectares. The terrain
is generally rugged with about 80% of the area having slopes greater than 18%. About 74.6% of the
area has an elevation range of 0-300 meters above sea level. The basin is traversed by 1.5 kilometers
of major streams and 42.5 kilometers of tributaries. The catchment basin is predominantly grassland
with only about 6% classified as forested. The soil types found in the area include Antipolo clay loam
(37.8%), mountain soil (49.4%), Quingua silt loam (12.2%) and Hydrosol (0.6%). About 70% of the area
is highly susceptible to soil erosion.
Furthermore, Subic, particularly Barangay Batiawan, is situated to four (4) watersheds outside its
jurisdiction, namely Olongapo Watershed Forest Reserve, Mangan-vaca Watershed Forest Reserve,
Sto. Tomas River Watershed and Pinulot-Caulaman River Watershed (Figure 17).
Figure 17: Bigger Watershed Map

The Sto. Tomas Watershed is considered as one of the critical watersheds located at the southern
part of the Province of Zambales, which covers the municipalities of Botolan, San Felipe, San Narciso,
San Marcelino, Castillejos, and Subic, with an approximate aggregate area of 26,245.67 hectares
(CENRO, 2022, p.1, 3). About 1.83%% or 480.41 hectares are located in Barangay Naugsol (CENRO,
2022, p. 83). Sto. Tomas Watershed has a perimeter of 146.28 kilometers, a basin length of about
34.25 kilometers, and an average width of 23.26 kilometers. Its elevation ranges from 0-1,740 meters
above sea level – the lowest elevation located at the main stream or watershed outlet in San Felipe
19
while the highest is located along the mountain range of Botolan. About 80% of its total area or
21,380.61 hectares is highly vulnerable to landslide and soil erosion (CENRO, 2022, p. 42, 44).
Figure 18: Sto. Tomas Watershed Administrative Map, 2022

Source: Integrated Sto. Tomas Watershed Plan, DENR-CENRO
20
Coastal and Marine Ecosystem
Subic is composed of six (6) coastal barangays, which are all classified as urban barangays: Baraca-
Camachile, Calapacuan, Calapandayan, Cawag, Matain, and Wawandue covering an area of
10,194.27 hectares or 39.97% of the total land area of Subic. Coastal barangays had an estimated
2023 population of 68,259 representing 51.45% share of the total Subic population.
Table 9: Estimated Population by Barangay, by Classification. 2023
Land Area (ha.) Estimated
Barangay Classification
ha. % Population 2023
Coastal 10,194.27 39.97 68,259
Baraca-Camachile 68.63 0.27 Urban 4,553
Calapacuan 235.32 0.92 Urban 18,116
Calapandayan 118.64 0.47 Urban 12,262
Cawag 9,710.74 38.07 Urban 20,204
Matain 42.26 0.17 Urban 10,478
Wawandue 18.68 0.07 Urban 2,646
Non-Coastal 15,311.75 60.03 64,404
Aningway Sacatihan 762.68 2.99 Urban 6,783
Asinan Poblacion 11.26 0.04 Urban 1,535
Asinan Proper 406.29 1.59 Urban 9,946
Batiawan 11,800.56 46.27 Rural 1,659
Ilwas 15.96 0.06 Urban 4,085
Mangan-Vaca 926.41 3.63 Urban 14,634
Naugsol 378.17 1.48 Rural 3,424
Pamatawan 739.02 2.90 Rural 5,435
San Isidro 188.70 0.74 Urban 9,964
Santo Tomas 82.70 0.32 Urban 6,940
TOTAL 25,506.02 100.00 132,663
Notes:
1. Coastal classification of barangays are based on the Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan 2010-2012 of Subic,
Zambales
2. 2022 estimated population is computed based on the 2015 PSA POPCEN
Fishing was once a major source of livelihood as indicated by the presence of fish port called
“Bulungan” near the public market area. But since Subic became part of the Subic Special Economic
and Freeport Zone (SSEFZ) by virtue of Proclamation No. 532 in 1995, which was established pursuant
to Republic Act No. 7227 or the Bases Conversion and Development Act of 1992, more industries are
coming in, which gradually shifts Subic into a “highly commercialized and industrialized” municipality
(Municipality of Subic, 2014). But in spite of the many challenges being brought about by the
industrialization, Subic aims to bring its constituents an improved quality of life through sustainable
development. Hence, seven (7) municipal ordinances and resolutions were enacted to protect and
conserve Subic’s coastal resources.
21
Table 10: Municipal Ordinances and Resolutions on Integrated Coastal Management (ICM)
No. Year Ordinance/Resolution No. Title/Description
Establishing the Subic Municipal Marine Protected Area in the
1 2011 Regulatory Ordinance No. 2011-07
Municipal Waters of Subic, Zambales
Adopting the Marine Protected Area (MPA) Plan of the
2 2011 Resolution No. 74 Municipality of Subic, Zambales, and Endorsing it to DENR and
ADB for Funding
Adopting the Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan
3 2010 Resolution No.
2010-2012
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance for the
4 2010 Resolution No. 99-03
Municipality of Subic
Declaring the areas of Binictican pt. (Northeast) to Sampalok pt.
5 1998 Regulatory Ordinance No. 98-02
(Northwest) as Subic Marine Sanctuary and Reservation Area
6 1996 Regulatory Ordinance No. 2 Implementing the Fishery Regulatory Ordinance
7 1989 Ordinance No. 89.05 Regulating fishing and/or Fisheries
Source: Integrated Coastal Management Plan 2015-2017 of Subic, Zambales, p. 2.
The location of municipal waters is presented in Figure 19.
Figure 19: Subic Municipal Waters

Source: Office of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
Note: Survey Plan drawn by Eng’r. Franklin Millado on 2017 based on the Topographic Map from NAMRIA.
In the Foreshore Zone Map, foreshore areas are classified into six (6) zones (Figure 20). The
Commercial/Recreational/Tourism Zone is located within the northern and eastern part covering the
shorelines of Cawag, Calapandayan, Calapacuan, and Matain. On the other hand, a portion of
Wawandue’s shoreline (Subic Fishport) in the northern part was classified as Fishport Zone and Agro-
Industrial Zone. Most of the Cawag’s shoreline in the western part was classified as Industrial Zone. In
the north, the location of Keppel Subic is also part of the Industrial Zone.
22
Figure 20: Foreshore Zone Map
23
The Fish Sanctuary located at Cawag Binictican Point (Northeast) (14°44’49.0”N,120°11’37.0E) to

Cawag Sampaloc Point (Northwest) (14°44’15.0”N,120°10’2.0E) established in 1998 aims to provide an
area where fish are able to spawn, feed and grow undisturbed and where fishing and other activities are
absolutely prohibited (DA-BFAR, 2022a, p.2).
Table 11: Location Coordinates of the Fish Sanctuary

Zone Latitude Longitude
Zone 1 14°45’ 120°11’
Zone 2 14°40’ 120°10’
Zone 3 14°30’ 120°10’
Zone 4 14°18’ 120°09’
Source: Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) of Fish Sanctuary, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2022a)
Figure 21: Fish Sanctuary in Cawag

Source: Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) of Fish Sanctuary, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2022a)
In 2011, Subic has established its Marine Protected Area (MPA) containing an area of 118 hectares,
which is divided into the core zone and the buffer zone. It covers the vicinity adjacent to the Sneak
Island and includes the remaining strip of seagrass habitat found within the northern part of the main
island (DA-BFAR, 2022b).
Table 12: Location Coordinates of Subic Marine Protected Area (MPA)
Core Zone Buffer Zone
No.
Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude
1 14°50’52”N 120°83’54”E 14°51’2”N 120°14’3”E
2 14°50’43”N 120°13’51”E 14°50’41”N 120°13’53”E
3 14°51’0”N 120°13’40”E 14°50’41”N 120°13’49”E
4 14°51’15”N 120°13’31”E 14°51’10”N 120°13’28”E
5 14°51’3”N 120°13’41”E 14°51’33”N 120°13’28”E
6 14°51’3”N 120°13’47”E 14°51’33”N 120°14’2”E
Source: Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) of MPA Subic, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2022b)
24
Figure 22: Map of the Core Zone and Buffer Zone of Subic MPA
Permanent monitoring stations were also established to regularly monitor the status of the Subic MPA.
Table 13: Location Coordinates of the Permanent MPA Monitoring Stations

Mark Latitude Longitude Zone
1 14°50’45”N 120°13’51”E Core T1
2 14°51’8”N 120°13’44”E Core T2
3 14°51’14”N 120°13’32”E Core T3
4 14°51’23”N 120°13’27”E Buffer T4
5 14°50’48”N 120°15’54”E Buffer T5
6 14°51’7”N 120°13’58”E Buffer T6
25
Figure 23: Map Showing the Monitoring Stations for Subic MPA
Habitat Assessment
In 2009, a Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA) was conducted by the municipality led
by the Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) to assess the
status of the six (6) coastal barangays. This assessment also resulted in the identification of protected
area and fish sanctuary.
Coral Reefs in Coastal Barangays

“Coral reefs are warm, clear, shallow ocean habitats that are rich in life. The reef’s massive structure is
formed from coral polyps, tiny animals that live in colonies. When coral polyps die, they leave behind a
hard, stony, branching structure made of limestone. Coral reefs are compared to rainforest in terms of
productivity, diversity and ecological complexity. Coastal communities also depend on this ecosystem
as a source of food ranging from daily subsidence to commercial scale and various ornamental
products. But due to adverse human impact, the resources in the coral reef area are being degraded
and nearly in great danger.”(DA-BFAR, 2009). The following criteria on coral reef condition were used
in all the studies conducted by the DA-BFAR for the Subic coastal resources.
Table 14: Criteria on Coral Reef Condition

Condition Criteria
Excellent 76-100% hard coral cover
Good 51-75% hard coral cover
Fair 26-25% hard coral cover
Poor 0-25% hard coral cover
Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide
26
The overall coral reefs condition of Subic in 2009 was classified as poor (Table 14) with an average of
12.83% hard coral cover (Table 15). Coral reefs were found in Calapacuan, Cawag, and Matain
wherein Cawag has the largest percentage of hard coral cover (19.50%) while Matain has the lowest
percentage (6.50%). No data were generated from Baraca-Camachile, Calapandayan, and Wawandue
due to the absence of coral reefs during the assessment. Some of the contributing factors include
dynamite fishing, cyanide fishing, trawl fishing in municipal waters, and quarrying of stones and dead
corals, which are destructive to the coastal resources. On the other hand, there is a large percentage
of sand or silt (42.43%) visualized in the area, which was due to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (DA-
BFAR, 2009, p.33-34).
Table 15: Coral Reef Composition, 2009
Benthic Life Forms/ Percent Cover (%) Average
Coral Reef Components Calapacuan Cawag Matain (%)
Live hard corals 12.50 19.50 6.50 12.83
Live soft corals 1.00 6.50 0.00 2.50
White dead corals 10.00 11.00 7.00 9.33
Dead corals with algae 11.50 11.00 20.50 14.33
Plants 0.00 4.00 0.00 1.33
Other animals 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.17
Ruble/rock 10.00 31.50 9.70 17.07
Sand/Silt 55.00 16.00 56.30 42.43
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Source: DA-BFAR PCRA Reports of Municipality of Subic, Zambales
Figure 24: Percentage of Coral Reef Composition, 2009
27
Coral Reefs in Subic MPA

On March 23-25, 2022, DA-BFAR conducted a Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) of the Subic MPA)
wherein a significant reduction was observed in the percentage of average live hard coral cover from
35% in 2011 to 18% in 2022. These figures may be attributed to several factors such as occasional
illegal and/or destructive fishing activities, and relative effects of strong storm surge over the past
decade (DA-BFAR, 2022b, p.5).
Figure 25: Underwater Pictures of Corral Assessment in Subic MPA, March 23-25, 2022
Source: Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) of MPA Subic, Subic, Zambales (DA-BFAR, 2022b, p.5)
Non-living (27.93%) components such as sand and rubble comprise the majority in the assessed area.
The prevalence of algae (21.25%) and dead corals with algae (18.67%) were also observed.
Table 16: Result of the Line Intercept Method (LIT) Method Coral Survey in Subic MPA
Percent Cover per Station (%)
Components
Core T1 Core T2 Core T3 Buffer T4 Buffer T5 Buffer T6 Average
Live Hard Coral (Acropora) 31.70 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.62
Live Hard Coral (Non Acropora) 41.40 0.00 0.00 4.00 31.60 0.00 12.83
Dead Corals 0.00 30.77 32.00 0.00 18.00 0.00 13.46
Dead Corals with Algae 0.00 3.60 0.00 56.40 0.00 52.00 18.67
Algae 0.00 11.10 66.00 0.00 50.40 0.00 21.25
Other Animals 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.25
Non-Living 25.60 54.60 0.00 39.40 0.00 48.00 27.93
Total 100.00 100.07 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.01
Criteria (Live Hard Coral) 73.10 0.00 2.00 4.00 31.60 0.00 18.45
Coral Reef Condition Good Poor Poor Poor Fair Poor Poor
Source: Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) of Subic MPA (DA-BFAR, 2022b)
28
There was a significant reduction in the overall average percentage of live hard coral cover from 35% in
2011 to 18% in 2022 (Table 17).
Table 17: Comparative Live Hard Coral Cover (%), 2011 and 2022
Monitoring Average Live Hard Coral Cover (%)
Station 2011 2022
Core T1 61 73
Core T2 44 0
Core T3 36 2
Buffer T4 34 4
Buffer T5 15 31
Buffer T6 18 0
Average 35 18
Source: Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) of Subic MPA (DA-BFAR, 2022b)
Fish Inventory
Several fish species were observed in Subic municipal waters. Generally, “fish abundance in the
waters of Subic is fair, however most of the species are not high valued as food and the diversity of fish
species is fair” (DA-BFAR, 2009).
Table 18: Fish Species, 2009

Common Local Baraca- Calapa Calapan Wawan
Scientific Name Camachile
Cawag Matain Total %
Name Name cuan dayan due
Bumphead
- Angol 18 18 4.88
parrotfish
Three line
- Gagaong 7 7 1.90
therapon
Acanthurus sp. Surgeon fish 29 29 7.86
Apogon
Cardinal fish Parangan 45 45 12.20
freanatus
Chaetodon
Butterfly fish Paru-paro 7 20 27 7.32
auriga
Puyong
Chromis agilis Damsel fish 34 34 9.21
Dagat
Chromis Puyong
Damsel fish 8 12 20 5.42
caudalis Dagat
Coris batuensis Wrasse - 17 17 4.61
Ctenochaetus
Surgeon fish Labahita 44 44 11.92
binotatus
Gymnocaesio
Fusilier Tirong 76 76 20.60
gymnoptera
Maya-
Lutjanus bohar Snapper 7 7 1.90
Maya
Myripristis
Squirrelfish Suga 5 5 1.36
pralinia
Scolopsis
Coral bream - 17 17 4.61
bilineatus
Siganus Samaral/
Rabbitfish 4 1 5 1.36
canaliculatus danggit
Thalassona
Wrasse - 8 8 2.17
lunare
Therapon jarbua Therapon 2 2 0.54
Zanclus
Moorish Idol 8 8 2.17
cornutus
Total 49 12 83 101 121 3 369 100.00
Source: DA-BFAR 2009 PCRA Report for Municipality of Subic, Zambales
Note: Local names are derived from ICRM Plan 2010-2012
29
Profile of Coastal Barangays
As of 2023, there are 4,291 registered fisherfolks from all barangays. 91.84% (3,941 fisherfolks) are
from coastal barangays while the remaining 8.16% (350 fisherfolks) are from non-coastal barangays.
There is a 60.45% increase in the number of registered fisherfolks from 1,697 in 2014 to 4,291 in 2023.
Table 19: Profile of Coastal Barangays, 2023

Registered Fisherfolk
Land Area (ha.) Estimated 2023
Barangay Classification 2014 2023 % to
Population % Increase
ha. % Male Female Total Male Female Total Population
Coastal 10,194.27 39.97 66,275 1,241 314 1,555 3,307 634 3,941 60.54 5.95
Baraca-Camachile 68.63 0.27 Urban 4,421 27 6 33 75 14 89 62.92 2.01
Calapacuan 235.32 0.92 Urban 17,589 300 91 391 519 113 632 38.13 3.59
Calapandayan 118.64 0.47 Urban 11,906 405 32 437 1,248 94 1,342 67.44 11.27
Cawag 9,710.74 38.07 Urban 19,616 346 156 502 995 352 1,347 62.73 6.87
Matain 42.26 0.17 Urban 10,173 118 19 137 299 43 342 59.94 3.36
Wawandue 18.68 0.07 Urban 2,569 45 10 55 171 18 189 70.90 7.36
Non-Coastal 15,311.75 60.03 62,531 89 53 142 282 68 350 59.43 0.56
Aningway Sacatihan 762.68 2.99 Urban 6,586 4 1 5 27 4 31 83.87 0.47
Asinan Poblacion 11.26 0.04 Urban 1,490 3 1 4 3 1 4 - 0.27
Asinan Proper 406.29 1.59 Urban 9,657 51 47 98 82 50 132 25.76 1.37
Batiawan 11,800.56 46.27 Rural 1,611 - - - 1 - 1 100.00 0.06
Ilwas 15.96 0.06 Urban 3,966 12 1 13 60 5 65 80.00 1.64
Mangan-Vaca 926.41 3.63 Urban 14,208 16 1 17 75 4 79 78.48 0.56
Naugsol 378.17 1.48 Rural 3,324 - - - 4 - 4 100.00 0.12
Pamatawan 739.02 2.90 Rural 5,277 - 2 2 4 2 6 66.67 0.11
San Isidro 188.70 0.74 Urban 9,674 2 - 2 5 - 5 60.00 0.05
Santo Tomas 82.70 0.32 Urban 6,738 1 - 1 21 2 23 95.65 0.34
TOTAL 25,506.01 100.00 128,806 1,330 367 1,697 3,589 702 4,291 60.45 3.33
Sources:
1. Integrated Coastal Management Plan 2015-2017 of Subic, Zambales (2014 number of fisherfolks)
2. Municipal Agriculture Office (2023 number of fisherfolks)
Coastal Resources Maps

Presented in Figure 26 to Figure 31 are the coastal resources maps of the six (6) coastal barangays.
The maps highlight coastal facilities and resources (fish species and fishing gears) as well as issues
Sources:
affecting theCoastal
1. Integrated coastal resources.
Management Plan 2015-2017 of Subic, Zambales (2014 number of
fisherfolks)
30
Figure 26: Coastal Resources Map of Baraca-Camachile, 2009

31
Figure 27: Coastal Resources Map of Calapacuan, 2009

32
Figure 28: Coastal Resources Map of Calapandayan, 2009

33
Figure 29: Coastal Resources Map of Cawag, 2009

34
Figure 30: Coastal Resources Map of Matain, 2009

35
Figure 31: Coastal Resources Map of Wawandue

36
Fish Catch Calendar Diagram

It shows information on fish catch for the 12-month period using specific fishing gear within the specific
wind or rainfall season.
Figure 32: Calendar Diagram of Baraca-Camachile

Source: [image] DA-BFAR 2009 PCRA Report for Municipality of Subic, Zambales
Figure 33: Calendar Diagram of Calapacuan, 2009

Figure 34: Calendar Diagram of Calapandayan, 2009

37
Figure 35: Calendar Diagram of Cawag, 2009

Figure 36: Calendar Diagram of Matain, 2009

Figure 37: Calendar Diagram of Wawandue, 2009

38
Fish Catch Trend Diagram
In Baraca-Camachile
during the period
1960-1969, fish catch
was about 16
kilograms per person
per day. However, fish
catch for the
succeeding four (4)
decades have declined
to about 6 kilograms
per person per day.
Figure 38: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Baraca-Camachile (1960-2009)
In Calapacuan, from
per day was around 40
and continue to decline
to around 15 kilograms
per person in 1990-
1999 to only about 5
in 2005-2009.
Figure 39: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Calapacuan (1980-2009)

Calapandayan’s fish
catch during the
period 1970-1989 was
recorded at 300
per day with a slight
decline from 300
per day to 200
per day in 2006-2009.
Figure 40: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Calapandayan, (1970-2009)
39
Matain has a recorded fish catch of around 25 kilograms per person per day during the periods 1970-
1979 and 1980-1989.
Fish catch was
reduced to around 15
per day during the
periods 1990-1999
and 2000-2005 and a
continued reduction to
around 5 kilograms
per person per day in
2009.
Figure 41: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Matain (1970-1999)
Wawandue’s fish
catch during the
periods 1970-1979
and 1980-1989 were
recorded at around 80
per day. However,
starting the period
was reduced to less
than 5 kilograms per
person per day.
Figure 42: Fish Catch Trend Diagram of Wawandue (1970-1999)
Air Quality Monitoring
Based on the Environmental

Management Bureau’s Carbon Monoxide (CO) – a criteria pollutant that is colorless, odorless,
Ambient Air Quality and is produce in incomplete combustion (e.g., vehicular
Monitoring web application, emissions)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) – a criteria pollutant produced from fossil fuel
the nearest monitoring combustion processes (e.g., vehicular emissions, power plants and
station is located in Subic off-road equipment)
Bay Metropolitan Authority Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) – a criteria pollutant that is heavy, colorless, and
formed primarily by the combustion of coal and oil (e.g., power
(SBMA). This station plants, industrial facilities
provides 2016-2021 data on Ozone (O3) – a criteria pollutant that is colorless, and highly reactive
the annual average criteria compound with each molecule consists of three oxygen atoms
(e.g., industrial and electric facility emissions, vehicular exhausts,
pollutant concentration, such gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents
as Carbon Monoxide (CO),
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), - DENR-Environmental Management Bureau -
Manual for Siting and Design of Air Quality Monitoring Stations in the
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Philippines
Ozone (O3).
The Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 8749 (Clean Air Act) provides for the national ambient
air quality guideline values.
40
Table 20: National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values

Short Term Long Term
Pollutants Averaging Averaging
µg/Ncm ppm µg/Ncm ppm
Time Time
Suspended Particulate Matter
 TSP 230 24 hours 90 1 year
 PM10 150 24 hours 60 1 year
Sulfur Dioxide 180 0.07 24 hours 80 0.03 1 year
Nitrogen Dioxide 150 0.08 24 hours
Photochemical Oxidants as 140 0.07 1 hour
Ozone 60 0.03 8 hours
Carbon Monoxide 35mg/Ncm 30 1 hour
10mg/Ncm 9 8 hours
Lead 1.5 3 months 1.0 1 year
Source: IRR of Republic Act 8749
Air Quality in Subic is generally good as indicated by the values generated, which are lower than the
guideline values for CO of 9ppm (parts per million), SO 2 of 80µg/Ncm (micrograms per normal cubic
meter), N02 of 150µg/Ncm, and O3 of 60µg/Ncm (Figure 43).
Figure 43: Annual Average Concentration of CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 (2016-2021)
Source: Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data. Accessed on 15 May 2023 at
https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMzc1ZmFlOTEtZDE5My00MGMxLWEwZTgtNGU5ZWYxMzQxMDdmIiwidCI6ImY2Z
jRhNjkyLTQzYjMtNDMzYi05MmIyLTY1YzRlNmNjZDkyMCIsImMiOjEwfQ%3D%3D
41
Other air quality indicators,

such as Total Suspended Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) – refer to all atmospheric particles
Particulates (TSP), in the atmosphere with diameters equal to or less than 100
Particulate Matter 10 microns
Particulate Matter 10 (PM10)) – particulate matter having a diameter
(PM10), and Particulate of 10 microns or less
Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) are also Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) – particulate matter having a diameter
being monitored by EMB. of 2.5 microns or less
The nearest monitoring - DENR-Environmental Management Bureau -
station for TSP pollutants is Manual for Siting and Design of Air Quality Monitoring Stations in the
in Lucapon Station Philippines
Zambales wherein it
recorded an average of
185µg/Ncm, the highest among the average of the three (3) monitoring stations in Region 3, which is
45µg/Ncm lower than the 24-hour guideline value of 230µg/Ncm.
Figure 44: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (TSP), 2023

Source: Environmental Management Bureau Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data. Accessed on 22 November 2023 at
https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNDIxMmVlN2MtZTMzZi00ODU2LWEyZTQtMDg3YjZjY2Q1MTUwIiwidCI6ImY2ZjRh
NjkyLTQzYjMtNDMzYi05MmIyLTY1YzRlNmNjZDkyMCIsImMiOjEwfQ%3D%3D
The nearest monitoring station for PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants is in San Fernando, Pampanga where it
recorded an average of 24µg/Ncm of PM10 and 24µg/Ncm of PM2.5 as against the 24-hour guideline
values of 150µg/Ncm and 50µg/Ncm, respectively (Figure 45 and Figure 46).
42
Figure 45. Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM10), 2023

Figure 46: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM2.5), 2023

Relatively, 2021 data from SBMA monitoring station recorded a PM10 value of 26µg/Ncm (Figure 47),
which is a little higher than the 2023 data of 24µg/Ncm from San Fernando, Pampanga monitoring
station (Figure 45).
43
Figure 47: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM10), 2021

https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYzZjZTFkZjUtMzYyYy00MmY1LTk5N2EtN2RiZThiNjY0MmY4IiwidCI6ImY2ZjRhNjky
LTQzYjMtNDMzYi05MmIyLTY1YzRlNmNjZDkyMCIsImMiOjEwfQ%3D%3D&fbclid=IwAR2RosFI3Go7nBKTCPp_DiNaxMnZ
e84H4Qmey_6U31jqMBTDajozlK_H8-Y
On the other hand, PM2.5 value of 22µg/Ncm in 2021 (Figure 48) is two points lower than the 2023 data
of 24µg/Ncm (Figure 46).
Figure 48: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM2.5), 2021

The 2021 TSP value of 95.6µg/Ncm generated at Biay Station-Sta. Cruz, Zambales (Figure 49) is
lower by almost 50% than the 2023 TSP value of 185 µg/Ncm (Figure 44).
44
Figure 49: Region 3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (TSP), 2021

There are nineteen (19) establishments in Subic that have been issued with Permit to Operate by the
Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) Region 3 in consonance with RA 8749.
Table 21: Establishments with Permit to Operate as of October 2023

Name of Establishment Plant Name Location
1 United Auctioneers, Inc. United Auctioneers, Inc Baraca-Camachile
2 South Wing Heavy Industries, Inc. South Wing Heavy Industries, Inc. Baraca-Camachile
3 Edgepoint Cell Site Tower (Site 577 Subic) Edgepoint Cell Site Tower (Site 577 Subic) Calapandayan
4 Agila NY Naval, Inc./Auila South, Inc. Edgepoint Cell Site Tower (Site 577 Subic) Cawag
5 Umicore Specialty Chemicals Subic, Inc. Umicore Specialty Chemicals Subic, Inc. Asinan Proper
6 Metrobank Subic Baraca Branch Metrobank Subic Baraca Branch Baraca-Camachile
7 Robotic-Designed Technology, Inc. Robotic-Designed Technology, Inc. Asinan Proper
8 Sleepro Corporation Sleepro Corporation San Isidro
9 Agra Gas Industrial Company, Inc. Agra Gas Industrial Company, Inc. Baraca-Camachile
10 Ane Gas Station Ane Gas Station Mangan-vaca
11 Six Cababaro – Antonio Gasoline Station Six Cababaro – Antonio Gasoline Station Aningway-Sacatihan
12 PLDT-Subic Town Sub-Exchange PLDT-Subic Town Sub-Exchange Baraca-Camachile
13 Acea Subic Beach Resort Acea Subic Beach Resort Aningway-Sacatihan
14 Chefbuddy Food Services Cold Storage Facility Asinan Proper
4B Construction Corporation/ Asphalt
15 4B Construction Corporation Asinan Proper
Batching Plant
4B Construction Corporation/ Concrete
16 4B Construction Corporation
Batching Plant
National Grid Corporation of the National Grid Corporation of the
17 Cawag
Philippines Subic (Hanjin) Substation Philippines Subic (Hanjin) Substation
18 DLA Naturals, Inc. DLA Naturals, Inc. Cawag
19 Jolibee Sto. Tomas Subic Jolibee Sto. Tomas Subic Sto. Tomas
Source: Environmental Management Bureau Permit to Operate. Accessed on 22 November 2023 at
https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZmIyYjU2NzItODcwYi00OTliLTkzNjgtMzBmM2NiOWJlZmY4IiwidCI6ImY2ZjRhNjkyL
TQzYjMtNDMzYi05MmIyLTY1YzRlNmNjZDkyMCIsImMiOjEwfQ%3D%3D&pageName=ReportSection
45
Land Use Development
Created in 1607, the town of Subic is considered one of the oldest towns in the Philippines. Recognized
for its deep natural harbor and protective ring of rolling rugged mountain ranges that slopes down to the
bay, Subic’s land utilization since its creation has been defined by its strategic location as a military
outpost. The Municipality today, however, has evolved into a bustling dormitory town capable of
providing land for expanding social and economic activities emanating from neighboring Subic Bay
Freeport and Olongapo City. The town’s potential land utilization continues to reflect its level of
economic development. As an evolving agrarian community, Subic has tremendous potentials of being
transformed into a growth center for agri-industrial development in the Province of Zambales.
Pre-Spanish Period
The early inhabitants of Subic were the Negritos of Zambales, also known as Aetas or Agtas. Early
accounts reveal that these people lived wholly on hunting and depended entirely on the vast forests of
Subic for their daily sustenance. Although they are not known for their agricultural practices, Aeta
settlements were established in areas were food was readily available. Establishing their temporary
shelters in the forested plains and valleys of Subic, the Aetas hunted deer, wild boar, monkeys, birds,
bats, wild cats, snakes and large lizards for food. Other forest delicacies that made up their diet include
palm cores, bamboo shoots, edible ferns, mushroom, fungi, rattan fruits and assorted fruits such as
guavas. With the arrival of the first wave of migrants in Zambales, mostly seafarers from the Malay
Peninsula, pocket settlements were established in areas where Aeta communities were located.
Through time, they were eventually pushed away from the low lands towards the uplands. Subic then
was a stretch of rolling rugged and thickly forested mountain ranges that formed a ring around to the
bay.
Spanish Colonization
Spanish colonization in the Philippines was successfully waged through the work of the missionaries
who did much in laying the foundation of colonial rule. The exploration and eventual conquest of
Zambales by the Spaniards began in 1572. In that year, Captain Juan de Salcedo, youthful grandson
of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, founder of Manila, went on an expedition to explore the western coast of
Luzon and to collect tributes for the Spanish King, Phillip II. They sailed along the coast of Bolinao and
arrived in Subic Bay. In a report to the King, Salcedo observed that the deep waters of Subic Bay
provided sheltering anchorage and that its strategic location was ideal as a naval outpost. Until the 19 th
century, Subic then was made up of small sparsely populated fishing villages. Much later, after
Salcedo’s exploration, the Augustinian missionaries were mobilized to organize the Province of
Zambales, one of the first provinces created by the Spaniards. The new province of Zambales
encompassed the coastal plains and mountain ranges from Subic to Bolinao along the Lingayen Gulf.
In 1607, Subic became one of the earliest new towns to be established along with Masinloc (1607), Iba
(1611) and Sta. Cruz (1612).
In his book “Provincia de San Nicolas de Tolentino de Agustinos Descalzos,” Augustinian Friar
Reverend Father Rodrigo de San Miguel, founder of the town of Subic, describes the environment then:
“… The climate is healthful, and its products are rice and farinaceous plants. There is an abundance of
drinking water which flows in their vicinity east to west of two rivers called Baliti and Wawandui.
In its forest are found different classes of wood (lumber) which are known in other points of the island.”
46
The Recollects were instrumental in organizing parishes that later became the pueblos or towns. To
successfully push through with their town settlement program, the Spaniards adopted a strategy known
as reduccion wherein people were uprooted from scattered settlements and forced to resettle in
compact villages comprising of between 2,400 and 5,000 people.
Deeply impressed with Subic Bay’s natural endowments and strategic location, the Spaniards
constructed an arsenal in the area. The establishment of a small Spanish fort in Subic may be
considered as the first event that marks a long history which recognizes Subic’s strategic importance
specifically for naval purposes. In 1884, King Alfonso II issued a Royal Decree officially declaring Subic
Bay as “a naval port and the property appertaining thereto aside for naval purposes.” Subic thus
became Spain’s stronghold in the Far East.
After the Spanish-American war which erupted in April 25, 1898, the U.S. naval forces took over Subic
and its bay, whose deep harbor was regarded by Admiral George Dewey as “having no equal in the
Philippine Island.”
American Period
In 1901, the U.S. Navy designated Subic Bay as a repair and supply naval base site. Because of its
strategic importance for such purpose, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt issued an executive order in
1903 designating 70,000 acres of land including Subic as an American military reservation. Nearly 50
percent of Subic’s original land area became part of the military reservation area. A year later, the
Subic Naval Station became operational and provided support to the US Asiatic Fleet. Prior to World
War I, the station was considered the largest US Marine Corps Training Facility in the world. The
station provided dry-dock services through the Dewey Dry-dock from Virginia, U.S.A which arrived in
Subic Bay in 1906. The facility handled ships up to 20,000 tons or the largest American ships at that
time.
Till about the end of the 1930s, much of Subic’s rugged mountain ranges were forest-covered with
abundant tree species such as hard wood, bayog, baito, yantok, bayabas and buho.
Setting up of Sawmill Operations
In the 30's, a mustachioed Filipino named Luciano Soriano, also known as “Mr. Bigote” established a
sawmill in Subic to capitalize on a burgeoning logging industry. The Luciano Soriano Sawmill brought
workers and many young people who found work in logging. The company had to establish temporary
roads in the logging areas. Eventually, economic activities spurred by logging operations made a few
local individuals and families very rich. Logs were sold to Soriano who in turn processed them into
lumber and other wood products that were sold either locally or in Manila. The logging trails that were
established made travel to the interior areas accessible and less dangerous. In time, the sawmill
operations as well as logging activities encouraged more homesteaders to settle in Subic. Many of
these homesteaders came from nearby provinces such as Ilocos and Pampanga and were engaged in
clearing virgin forests. The sawmill became the center of various activities in Subic.
During this period, the dominant sources of employment were farming and fishing. Rice production was
the main agricultural activity on land. Agriculture and inland fisheries were the dominant land uses
along the coastline. Settlements were concentrated in barangays Ilwas, Wawandue, Asinan Poblacion,
Calapandayan, Calapacuan and Matain. Mangrove areas dominated much of Subic’s coastal areas
especially in barangay Cawag.
47
During and After World War II
On December 14, 1941, Japanese bombers and fighter planes attacked Subic Bay and Olangapo.
Subic was in ruins after the bombings. During the Japanese occupation, from 1942 to 1945, Subic
served as a monitoring and defense facility of the Japanese Imperial Army until the end of World War II.
During this period, the people of Subic proved their resilience by engaging in farming and fishing
despite the dangers. The forest-covered mountains and rugged terrain of Subic served as the hideouts
of guerrilla forces. People were forced to resettle or concentrate in barangay Manganvaca as the
Japanese increased their presence in Wawandue, Asinan Poblacion, Ilwas and Calapandayan.
On January 29, 1945, forty thousand (40,000) American troops landed in Zambales and advanced
through Subic Bay to regain control of the base. This marked the beginning of the Reconstruction
Period and the proliferation of logging operations in Subic. The demand for wood and wood products for
construction resulted in the rampant exploitation of Subic's virgin forests. The damage, from the plains
to the highlands, was irreparable. Logging operations mushroomed all over Zambales. Fishing and
farming however continued to be the people’s main sources of income and employment.
The opening of the American Sub-marine Station in Sitio Agusuhin in Cawag attracted people from
Subic and neighboring towns who were looking for employment opportunities inside the new base.
Many locals were hired either as laborers or base employees. Subic town did not flourish economically
despite the presence of the U.S. bases. The lack of road infrastructure as well as poor road conditions
within the town hampered Subic’s development as a catchment area of commercial activities linked to
the expanding American military presence in the area. The presence of the U.S. Bases however
transformed barangay Calapandayan into the “Redlight” district of Subic where fun houses providing
nighttime entertainment dominated both sides of the national road that cut through it. These fun
houses essentially catered to American military personnel stationed in Subic.
On December 7, 1959, Olongapo, then a barrio of Subic and also a part of the U.S. Military
Reservations, was turned over to the Philippines and converted into a municipality by virtue of
Executive Order No. 366 issues by then President Carlos P. Garcia. Based on census data taken
during the years 1948 and 1960, this milestone in Subic’s history resulted in the drastic reduction of the
town’s population by more than half, from 25,233 (1948) to 12,985 (1960).
The 1960s and ’70s
More migration of people from as far north as the Ilocos regions as well as from Central Luzon rapidly
increased Subic’s population. Many of these people become engaged in farming and fishing. With
population increasing, businesses were established to cater to the needs of the growing populace.
Many small and medium-scale businesses engaged in the trading of farm products flourished along the
national highway. Trading eventually developed as the dominant economic base of Subic up until now.
Calapandayan became the main port of entry from Subic Bay. Fishing and farming persisted as the
town’s main economic base. In terms of land utilization, agriculture and inland fisheries were the
dominant land uses despite the stronger pull of base-related work which attracted farmers and
fishermen. It was during this period that Subic’s forest cover was rapidly diminishing at an alarming
rate because of years of unregulated logging activities. Likewise, mangrove areas which dominated
Subic’s long coastline were diminishing as they were being cut down and used as firewood. It was also
during this period that squatting and the proliferation of informal settlements along the coastline or
waterways were becoming emerging development issues as government officials were being blamed
for tolerating such activities.
48
The ‘80s and ‘90s
1981 Actual Land Uses

The 1980s seemed to have ushered the concept of mixed-land uses in the form of a haphazard
commercial – residential strip development along the national highway. The proliferation of incompatible
land uses in the reclamation area in barangay Wawandue become especially controversial when a
cement bagging factory, Bacnotan Cement, became operational amidst a wet market, institutional
centers and residential areas.
In terms of land uses in Subic, data reveals that, in 1981, about 76% of its total land area was still
devoted to forest use while the military reservation covered a far 13% only. Agriculture and pasture
were spread out over 8% of Subic’s land area while a measly 2% was considered built-up. Table 21
shows the general land use in 1981.
Table 22: Breakdown of General Land Uses, 1981

Land Use Area (ha.) Share (%)
Forest 21,290.74 76.26
Off-Planning Areas 3,584.29 12.84
Agriculture and Pasture 2,176.35 7.80
Built-up 596.58 2.13
Inland Fisheries 272.04 0.97
Total 27,920.00 100.0
Source: Comprehensive Development Plan and Zoning Ordinance of Subic (1981-1990)
In terms of land uses, 71% of the total urban land area of 81 hectares, encompassing barangays
Asinan Poblacion, Baraca-Camachile, Ilwas and Wawandue, was residential. On the other hand,
institutional uses covered only 16% while commercial land uses made up only 9%. Despite its
abundance within the urban area, open spaces comprised only 2% of the total land area. Table 23
shows the actual land uses in the urban area in 1981.
Table 23: Breakdown of Urban Land Uses, 1981

Land Use Area (ha.) Share (%)
Residential 57.82 71.27
Institutional 13.18 16.25
Commercial 7.00 8.63
Open Space 1.99 2.45
Industrial 1.14 1.40
Total 81.13 100.00
Source: Comprehensive Development Plan and Zoning Ordinance of Subic (1981-1990)
Note: The urban areas are barangays Asinan Poblacion, Baraca-Camachile, Ilwas and Wawandue

Based on an accounting of actual land uses in 1997, forest use still predominated in Subic
encompassing 67% of its total land area. This however represents a 13% reduction in terms of land
area based on 1981 data, equivalent to about 2,687 hectares. This downward trend can also be
ascribed to inland fisheries which lost roughly 10% of its 1981 land area or about 26 hectares.
Nonetheless, areas devoted for inland fisheries covered only less than 1% during both periods. The
built-up area occupied about only 4%. Compared to 1981 data however, the built-up area gained about
441 hectares more, an increase of about 74% from 1981. Land devoted for agriculture and pasture
reflected the biggest increase in terms of land area at 5,753 hectares, a 265% jump from 1981 data.
Table 24 shows the general land uses in 1997.
49

Land Use Area (hectare) Share (%)
Forest 18,603.71 66.59
Agriculture and Pasture 7,929.00 28.38
Built-up 1,037.53 3.71
Inland Fisheries 246.00 0.88
Roads 113.29 0.40
Parks/Open Spaces 8.50 0.03
Total 27,938.00 100.00
Source: Draft Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance, (1997-2002), MPDO, Subic
Based on the land use accounting prepared in 2000, forest lands still remained the dominant land use.
Table 25 reveals current land use data based on GIS technology. Accordingly, Subic’s forest cover
makes up roughly about 75% of Subic’s total land area. Although as observed, a significant portion of
this valuable land category is, in fact, denuded. Those that are vegetated are mostly second growth
forests. Agricultural lands make up about 7%, a dramatic drop from 28%in 1997. The built-up area,
which is just about only 5% of the total land area, increased by 16% (162 hectares) from 1997.
Forest 18,997.92 74.67
Special Project/Uses 3,417.30 13.43
Agriculture 1,825.88 7.18
Built-up 1,199.52 4.71
Parks/Open Spaces 0.0081 -
Rivers/Swamps 3.24 0.01
Total 25,443.88 100.00
Source: Digital General Land Use Map, UP PLANADES Subic Team
In the urban area, which is composed of eight (8) barangays, forest land use make up roughly 64% of
the total land area. Residential usage is estimated at only 29% while commercial land uses comprise a
measly 3%. The total urban area is estimated at 701 hectares, much bigger compared to its size in
1981.
Table 26: Breakdown of Urban Land Uses, 2000

Forest 450.52 64.31
Residential 204.124 29.13
Commercial 21.1801 3.03
Tourism 12.2913 1.76
Agricultural 8.00 1.14
Industrial 0.0202 -
River/Swamp 3.2458 0.46
Institutional 1.219 0.17
Park/Open Spaces 0.0081 -
Total 700.6085 100.00
Source: Digital General Land Use Map, CLUP (2000-2010), UP PLANADES Subic Team
50
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction
The Municipality of Subic, being part of Zambales and Central Luzon in general, is a disaster-prone
area. The province of Zambales where Subic belongs is subject to habitual typhoons and flooding. The
municipality was also one of the badly-hit areas affected by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. Proof
of this is the presence of several pockets of rehabilitation sites for eruption victims within the Subic
Municipality. Most of the river systems are also heavily-silted and thus, need extensive dredging.
Atmosphere
Climate data from 2019-2021 have been gathered from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), which will serve as a primary dataset supporting
various local government’s applications related to climate change, disaster risk reduction and
management, agriculture and fisheries, environment and biodiversity, infrastructure and construction
projects, health and safety, and soil and land use.
General Climatic Type
Subic municipality falls under the Type I climate of the Modified Coronas Classification of Philippine
Climate (Figure 50). This climate type is characterized by two pronounced seasons; wet (or rainy) from
May to October and dry (or summer) from November to April. The geographic features of Subic, which
is characterized by rugged and mountainous topography, significantly influence the climatic condition in
this area.
Figure 50: Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010)

Source: PAGASA. Retrieved at https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate-philippines on August 23, 2023
51
Rainfall
Rainfall is the vertical depth of water that reaches the ground (Villafuerte, et.al., 2021, p. 56). Mean
annual rainfall for Subic is around 2,990 in 2021. Total rainfall during the wet months (May to October)
averaged 2,837 millimeters representing around 94.9% of the total annual rainfall. Total rainfall during
dry months (November to April) averaged 153 millimeters or about 5.1% of the total annual rainfall.
Table 27: Rainfall, 2019-2021

Month 2019 2020 2021
Jan 4 3 85
Feb 4 14 4
Mar 0 0 29
Apr 4 19 0
May 125 65 3
Jun 584 402 478
Jul 881 166 1,317
Aug 1,386 549 339
Sep 1,098 159 511
Oct 84 501 189
Nov 188 261 10
Dec 80 27 26
Total 4,436 2,163 2,990
Average 370 180 249
Source: PAGASA Climate and Agrometeorological Data Section [Climate data link sent thru email to
mpdosubic@gmail.com from cadpagasa@gmail.com, June 14, 2023]
In 2019, months of August and September registered the highest amount of rainfall, 1,386 and 1,098
millimeters, respectively, while July has the highest in 2021 (1,317 millimeters). Subic experiences the
most number of typhoons during these months.
Source:
https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/climate
/climate-prediction/seasonal-forecast
Figure 51: Monthly Rainfall, 2019-2021
For the 3-year period, 2019 has the highest amount of rainfall during wet season (4,158 millimeters),
which is more than double than the amount of rainfall in 2020 (1,841 millimeters). On the other hand,
2020 has the highest amount of rainfall in dry season (323 millimeters) compared with 2021 rainfall of
less than half of the 2020 rainfall (153 millimeters).
52
Figure 52: Annual Rainfall, 2019-2021

Source: Computed based on PAGASA climate data
Temperature
In general, the Municipality of Subic is experiencing a pleasant tropical climate all year round. PAGASA
calculated the near-surface air temperature, which is measured at a representative height of 1.25-2.00
meters above the ground (Villafuerte, et.al., 2021, p. 57).
The mean annual temperature for Subic does not vary much throughout the 3-year period, ranging from
24.00C to 32.20C, with 28.10C as the mean. The hottest temperature is experienced during the months
of April and May recorded at 35.30C for the 3-year average. The coldest months are January, February,
and December but February remains the coldest with an average 3-year temperature of 22.20C.
Temperature fluctuations do not significantly affect the crop being grown in the agricultural lands
provided that there is adequate soil moisture in the area. Hence, a year-round growing of crops is
possible.
Table 28: Monthly Temperature, 2019-2021

Temperature (°C)
Month 2019 2020 2021
Tmax Tmin Tmean Tmax Tmin Tmean Tmax Tmin Tmean
Jan 31.4 22.1 26.8 31.0 22.6 26.8 30.7 23.5 27.1
Feb 32.0 21.7 26.9 31.6 22.0 26.8 31.0 22.8 26.9
Mar 33.7 23.1 28.4 33.7 23.8 28.7 33.6 24.1 28.8
Apr 35.2 25.5 30.4 34.7 24.9 29.8 34.0 24.1 29.0
May 32.7 25.4 29.0 34.2 25.9 30.1 35.9 26.1 31.0
Jun 32.7 25.2 28.9 32.9 25.1 29.0 31.6 24.6 28.1
Jul 30.6 24.4 27.5 32.6 24.8 28.7 30.6 24.6 27.6
Aug 29.6 24.7 27.1 31.0 24.8 27.9 31.1 24.6 27.8
Sep 30.0 24.4 27.2 31.8 24.9 28.4 32.0 24.4 28.2
Oct 32.9 24.3 28.6 30.8 24.6 27.7 31.5 24.5 28.0
Nov 31.2 24.0 27.6 31.1 23.9 27.5 32.6 24.7 28.7
Dec 31.1 23.1 27.1 30.9 24.0 27.5 31.3 23.6 27.4
31.9 24.0 28.0 32.2 24.3 28.2 32.2 24.3 28.2
Source: PAGASA Climate and Agrometeorological Data Section [Email sent to mpdosubic@gmail.com from
cadpagasa@gmail.com, June 14, 2023]
53
Figure 53: Monthly Highest Temperature, 2019-2021
Figure 54: Monthly Lowest Temperature, 2019-2021
Figure 55: Monthly Average Temperature, 2019-2021
54
Relative Humidity
Table 29: Monthly Relative Humidity, 2019-2021
Relative humidity refers to the water vapor content in the Month 2019 2020 2021 Average
atmosphere. It is the ratio of actual vapor pressure the Jan 66 71 69 69
air for the prevailing temperature at a height of 1.25– Feb 65 63 69 66
2.00 m above the ground (Villafuerte, et.al., 2021, p. 57). Mar 66 67 67 67
Most humid months for the 3-year period are June to Apr 66 68 67 67
October with relative humidities ranging from 75% to May 79 74 65 73
89%. The highest recorded average annual relative Jun 81 78 82 80
humidity of 76% was in 2019, with a constant decrease Jul 85 77 85 82
from 75% in 2020 down to 73% in 2021. The months Aug 89 83 84 85
with the highest average relative humidity for the 3-year Sep 87 82 81 83
period are August and September, 85% and 83%, Oct 75 83 77 78
respectively. Relative humidity in 2021 fluctuates Nov 78 76 70 75
between 66% in February towards 85% in July. Dec 73 77 65 72
76 75 73
Source: PAGASA Climate and Agrometeorological Data Section [Email sent to mpdosubic@gmail.com from
cadpagasa@gmail.com, June 14, 2023]
Figure 56: Annual Relative Humidity, 2019-2021
Figure 57: Average Relative Humidity
55
Evapotranspiration (or loss of water) by crops has a negative correlation with relative humidity. During
periods of low humidity, evapotranspiration is high and therefore, a greater demand for water by crops
is expected during these growing seasons.
Wind
The presence of high mountain ranges shields Subic from the Northeast Monsoon and tradewinds. This
is clearly evidenced by the relatively minimal occurrence of waves and currents along most of the Subic
Bay waters. However, Subic is open to Southwest Monsoons and some cyclonic storms.
Approximately 20% of the typhoons visiting the Philippines strike Central Luzon while Subic’s exposure
to typhoons is about 16% (FAO, n.d.).
The Subic 20-year Return Period Severe Wind Hazard Map (Figure 58) represents the 3-second peak
gust wind speed measured at 10-meter height (above ground) over open and flat terrain only
(PAGASA, n.d.). The regional severe wind hazard generated for the tropical cyclones that passed
through the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) are expressed in terms of return periods, which
shows the probability of any given magnitude that may occur in any given year. Hence, there is a 5%
chance that Subic may experience the wind speed of 117.1-220 kph (PAGASA, n.d.).
Figure 58: Subic 20-year Return Period Severe Wind Hazard Map
Source: PAGASA. [image captured at https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/products-and-services/severe-wind-maps and
reproduced on August 25, 2023]
Hazards
Baseline maps used in hazard mapping
In 2016, Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Regional Office III utilized the following baseline maps
in their hazard risk assessment and finally in the production of hazard maps for the Municipality of
Subic. The Barangay Map (Figure 59) showing the area or location of each barangay, which clearly
revealed that Batiawan, Cawag, and Naugsol are the three (3) largest barangays, while Asinan
Poblacion, Wawandue, and Ilwas are the three (3) smallest barangays.
56
Figure 59: Barangay Map

Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau Regional Office III. Retrieved at
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LHT4lIpZG39KaVLn8DNGZZZP7VbqvaE9/view?usp=drive_link
Generally, settlements were established in most of the barangays, particularly in those barangays
located in the poblacion area or Central Business District, along national highway, and in the coastal
areas, as shown in the Built-up Areas Map (Figure 60).
Barangays Asinan Poblacion, Ilwas, Baraca-Camachile, and Wawandue – all located within and in
proximity to the Central Business District – represents a compact settlement pattern. This is also the
case with Matain, Calapacuan, and Calapandayan, being coastal barangays, wherein a considerable
portion of settlements were found near the coastal areas. Relatively, some portions of these
barangays, have dispersed settlements especially in those areas with high slopes. Pamatawan,
Aningway-Sacatihan, Asinan Proper, and Mangan-vaca mostly have settlements dispersed within the
different parts of the barangay, notable settlements are areas in proximity to the residential
subdivisions, barangay halls, churches, schools, community markets (talipapa), and other social and
economic facilities. The remaining barangays – all mountainous barangays – showed a little fraction of
settlements compare to its land areas especially in Batiawan.
57
Figure 60: Built-up areas map

Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau Regional Office III Retrieved at
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TEuEeOddEW62FpV_k7m3lUuf3uIyR1km/view?usp=drive_link
Note: The built-up areas were digitized by the MGB R3 from the Google map and other open sources and re-projected
based on the projections of the NAMRIA.
In Figure 61, the most densely populated barangay is Matain (red-shaded), followed by Calapacuan,
Ilwas, and Baraca-Camachile (blue-shaded). Those barangays with moderate built-up density consist
of Aningway-Sacatihan, Asinan Proper, Mangan-vaca, Calapandayan, and Naugsol. Conversely,
Pamatawan, Wawandue, and San Isidro have low built-up densities, while Cawag, Sto. Tomas, and
Batiawan have the lowest.
In terms of population, Cawag and Calapacuan are mostly populated (red-shaded) while Batiawan is
the least populated barangay (gray-shaded) (Figure 62).
The municipality’s river system traverses in all barangays as shown in Figure 63.
58
Figure 61: Modified population density data map

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1krb_eDg2GfJ_iD6FfBzva7-iCFbEYro9/view?usp=drive_link
Figure 62: Population Map

https://drive.google.com/file/d/15f_jPFPS_ZI_7MxhnwpztCBjEThsy3dH/view?usp=drive_link
59
Figure 63: River System Map

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aP69yOb4XAk64OR0PTtyCzL5A8AOJw6y/view?usp=drive_link
Figure 64: Location Map

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aP69yOb4XAk64OR0PTtyCzL5A8AOJw6y/view?usp=drive_link
60
Existing hazards
Earthquake-Induced Landslide
As mentioned earlier, more than half of Subic land area (70.69%) has been classified to have a slope
range greater than 18% (Figure 3). This information, therefore, indicates the susceptibility of Subic
lands to erosion and landslides, particularly portions of Cawag and Batiawan (Figure 65).
Figure 65: Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map

Source: Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (DOST-PHIVOLCS)
https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/gisweb/earthquake-volcano-related-hazard-gis-information
61
Ground Shaking
Ground shaking is a disruptive up, down and sideways vibration of the ground during an earthquake
(PHIVOLCS, n.d.). Generally, all barangays of Subic are prone to ground shaking caused by
earthquakes of different intensities. Approximately half of the area of Subic is prone to Intensity VIII
and above, while almost half will likewise experience Intensity VI to VII earthquakes.
Figure 66: Ground Shaking Hazard Map

62
Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a phenomenon wherein sediments, especially near bodies of water, behave like liquid
similar to a quicksand (PHIVOLCS, n.d.). Highly-susceptible barangays with 50% or more of the total
land area susceptible to liquefaction, are Ilwas, Asinan Poblacion, Wawandue, and Asinan Proper. On
the other hand, those barangays with less than 50% of the total land area with liquefaction susceptibility
include Cawag, Wawandue, Baraca-Camachile, and Calapandayan.
Figure 67: Liquefaction Hazard Map

63
Tsunami
Tsunami is a series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under the sea (PHIVOLCS, n.d.). All
coastlines of Subic are prone to tsunami with wave heights ranging from 1.21 meters along Wawandue,
Baraca-Camachile, and Calapandayan to as high as 3.5 meters along the southwestern portion of
Cawag.
Figure 68: Tsunami Hazard Map

64
Landslide and Flood

The detailed discussion is presented in the vulnerability and hazard assessment for landslide and flood
in the succeeding pages of this section.
Figure 69: Geohazard Map

Source: Subic Forest Land Use Map 2021-2025
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA)
Geological attributes
Subic’s geology is predominantly of Quaternary origin and therefore, characterized by relatively young
soils. Soils in the plain areas along Subic have originated from recent alluvium, while those in the
uplands, hills, and mountains have developed from andesite, basalt-andesite, and basalt-andesite-tuff
parent materials. Because of its relatively young status, Subic soils can offer high productivity especially
if managed properly. The geological formations of Subic municipality include: basalt, diabase dike
complex, dunite, gabbro, peridotite, quaternary alluvium, quaternary plug, quaternary pyroclastics, and
undifferentiated volcanics (Figure 70) (Municipality of Subic, 2001).
65
Figure 70: Geologic Map

Accordingly, Mines and Geosciences Bureau [MGB] (2016) describes Subic’s geology as follows: “the
western coastal plains are underlain by unconsolidated alluvial deposits composed mostly of sand, silt
and clay with minor gravel to boulder along with 1991 tephra (ashfall) Pinatubo deposits mostly silt, clay
and sand with minor pumice granules. Coastal finger ridges are underlain by gabbro/diabase and so
are the mountainous eastern areas with the addition of basalts. Andesitic volcanic plugs intrude the
rocks in the eastern areas which are sometimes overlain by volcanic flows and pyroclastic rocks
eastward towards Mt. Balakibok and municipal boundary with Floridablanca, Pampanga. The nearest
major geologic structure is the north-northwest trending Subic Bay Fault which occurs offshore through
Pequeno Island and may extend north-northwestwards towards Mt. Namapagan in Castillejos possibly
passing the coastal ridge in Sitio Cabangaan, Brgy. Cawag, Subic.”
66
Figure 71: Geologic Map, 2016

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HGLosmR5e_n5Ncwc9MJsBcLyOFC00zYm/view?usp=drive_link
The MGB likewise emphasized that Subic’s geomorphology is complex but for the purpose of VRA,
geomorphology is classified as follows:
Geomorphology Classification Geohazard Mapping Relevance

Denudational Mountains and Slopes (DMS)
Sites of active and possible landslides
Denudational Ridges and Spurs (DRS)
Accumulational Zone/Footslopes (AZF)
Fluvial Plain (FP)
Sites for flood and possible flood-prone areas
Fluvio-Marine Zone (FMZ)
River/Creek Bed (R/CB)
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
The Detailed Landslide and Flood Hazard Map (Figure 72) generated by the Mines and Geosciences
Bureau in 2016 shows the population, built-up areas, and roads with different level of exposure to
landslides and flooding, which will be discussed in the remaining part of this section.
67
Figure 72: Detailed Landslide and Flood Hazard Map, 2016

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HGLosmR5e_n5Ncwc9MJsBcLyOFC00zYm/view?usp=drive_link
Exposure Analysis for Flooding
Built-up Areas Exposed to Flooding
The total built-up area in 2015 was estimated to be around 13.22 square kilometres (1,322 hectares)
representing 5.18% of the total area of Subic. Out of the total built-up area, 23.47% (3.10 square
kilometres) have high to very high flood susceptibility, 14.93% (1.97 square kilometres) have moderate
flood susceptibility, and 30.33% have low flood susceptibility.
In Figure 73, Barangay Cawag, Sto. Tomas, and Mangan-vaca have the largest built-up areas at risk to
flooding with high to very high susceptibility, which are equivalent to 0.60, 0.55, and 0.54 square
kilometres, respectively. In terms of percentage of flood susceptibility per barangay, Ilwas has the
highest which accounts to 86.03% of its total built-up area, followed by Wawandue (60.91%) and
Asinan Poblacion (58.31%) (see also Figure 74).
68
Table 30: Built-up Areas Susceptible to Flooding

Levels of Flood Susceptibility
2015 High to Very High Moderate Low
Built-up
Barangay Built-up % to Built- % to Total Built-up % to Built- % to Total Built-up % to Built- % to Total
Area
(sq.km.) Area up Area per Built-up Area up Area per Built-up Area up Area per Built-up
(sq.km.) Brgy. Area (sq.km.) Brgy. Area (sq.km.) Brgy. Area
Aningway-Sacatihan 0.35 0.06326 18.13 0.48 0.15255 43.72 1.15 0.07689 22.04 0.58
Asinan Poblacion 0.06 0.03714 58.31 0.28 0.02655 41.69 0.20 0.00000 0.00 0.00
Asinan Proper 0.64 0.11166 17.44 0.84 0.03504 5.47 0.27 0.13351 20.85 1.01
Baraca-Camachile 0.19 0.03607 18.75 0.27 0.12630 65.65 0.96 0.03001 15.60 0.23
Batiawan 0.49 0.03666 7.48 0.28 0.00455 0.93 0.03 0.03270 6.67 0.25
Calapacuan 0.73 0.10925 15.03 0.83 0.04459 6.14 0.34 0.38777 53.36 2.93
Calapandayan 0.64 0.11505 17.98 0.87 0.02744 4.29 0.21 0.35096 54.84 2.65
Cawag 5.71 0.59878 10.48 4.53 0.89442 15.65 6.77 1.93912 33.93 14.67
Ilwas 0.13 0.11531 86.03 0.87 0.01058 7.89 0.08 0.00584 4.36 0.04
Mangan-vaca 1.00 0.53791 54.01 4.07 0.20071 20.15 1.52 0.10157 10.20 0.77
Matain 0.24 0.02648 10.96 0.20 0.03553 14.70 0.27 0.17251 71.40 1.30
Naugsol 0.23 0.06299 26.86 0.48 0.05789 24.69 0.44 0.04504 19.21 0.34
Pamatawan 0.57 0.07707 13.64 0.58 0.16274 28.80 1.23 0.29237 51.74 2.21
San Isidro 0.79 0.46087 58.14 3.49 0.02419 3.05 0.18 0.14665 18.50 1.11
Sto. Tomas 1.17 0.55031 46.97 4.16 0.12542 10.70 0.95 0.27255 23.26 2.06
Wawandue 0.27 0.16361 60.91 1.24 0.04495 16.73 0.34 0.02180 8.12 0.16
Total 13.22 3.10242 23.47 23.47 1.97345 14.93 14.93 4.00929 30.33 30.33
Notes:
1. Built-up areas were digitized by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) from the Google map and other open sources
and re-projected based on the projections of the NAMRIA
2. Data on 2015 total built-up areas, built-up areas and percentages per level of susceptibility are based from the Mines and
Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) Technical Report on the 1:10,000 Scale Exposure
Notes:
Maps
a. of Population,
Built-up areas were Built-up
digitized Areas
by the and Roads
Mines of Subic, Zambales
and Geosciences 2016from the google map and
Bureau (MGB)
other open sources and re-projected based on the projections of the NAMRIA
b. Data on 2015 total built-up areas, built-up areas and percentages per level of susceptibility are based
from the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) Technical Report
on the 1:10,000 Scale Exposure Maps of Population, Built-up Areas and Roads of Subic, Zambales 2016
Figure 73: Built-up Areas at Risk to Flooding
The maps from Figure 74 to Figure 76 show an overview of the exposure of built-up areas of Subic to
flooding. The intensity of the color of each barangay reflects the percentage of the built-up areas
exposed to flooding – the greater the color intensity, the greater is the percentage of built-up areas
exposed to flooding. The MGB used its hazard data from the Detailed Landslide and Flood Hazard
Map of Subic (Figure 72).
69
In Figure 74, gray-shaded areas represent the built-up areas while blue-shaded represent areas with
high to very high flood susceptibility. With reference to the total built-up area in 2015, those barangays
with the largest percentage of built-up area with high to very high flood exposure (1.25%-4.53%) are
Cawag (4.53%), Sto. Tomas (4.16%), Mangan-vaca (4.07%), and San Isidro (3.49%).
Figure 74: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to High to Very High Flood
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LC0p0l4zau4OkaIKubBvdX2etjXYYCGx/view?usp=drive_link
In Figure 75, gray-shaded areas represent the built-up areas while dark pink-shaded represent areas
with moderate flooding susceptibility. With reference to the total built-up area in 2015, the only
barangay with the largest percentage of built-up area exposed to moderate flooding (1.53%-6.77%) is
Cawag (6.77%).
In Figure 76, gray-shaded areas represent the built-up areas while light pink-shaded represent areas
with low flooding susceptibility. With reference to the total built-up area in 2015, Cawag remained to
have the largest percentage of built-up area exposed to low flooding, the highest within the range of
2.94%-14.67%.
70
Figure 75: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to Moderate Flood

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X3GB4DVSu_Yv0SWZnt8lEOAv0UjnFk4F/view?usp=drive_link
Figure 76: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to Low Flood

https://drive.google.com/file/d/10Gg0lE7xHt-iyM4SI5Sv4IfHx41uVeGF/view?usp=drive_link
71
Population exposed to flooding
About 27.72% (29,041) of the 2015 population have high to very high exposure to flooding, around one-
third of the 2015 population (34,969) have moderate susceptibility, while another one-third (34,969)
have low susceptibility.
Table 31: Population Susceptible to Flooding

Base High to Very High Moderate Low
Barangay Population
(2015) Population % to Brgy. % to 2015 Population % to Brgy. % to 2015 Population % to Brgy. % to 2015
Population Population Population Population Population Population
Aningway-Sacatihan 5,357 971 18.13 0.93 1,181 22.05 1.13 1,181 22.05 1.13
Asinan Poblacion 1,212 707 58.33 0.67 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00
Asinan Proper 7,855 1,370 17.44 1.31 1,638 20.85 1.56 1,638 20.85 1.56
Baraca-Camachile 3,596 674 18.74 0.64 561 15.60 0.54 561 15.60 0.54
Batiawan 1,310 98 7.48 0.09 87 6.64 0.08 87 6.64 0.08
Calapacuan 14,307 2,151 15.03 2.05 7,634 53.36 7.29 7,634 53.36 7.29
Calapandayan 9,684 1,741 17.98 1.66 5,311 54.84 5.07 5,311 54.84 5.07
Cawag 15,956 1,672 10.48 1.60 5,415 33.94 5.17 5,415 33.94 5.17
Ilwas 3,226 2,775 86.02 2.65 414 12.83 0.40 414 12.83 0.40
Mangan-vaca 11,557 6,242 54.01 5.96 1,179 10.20 1.13 1,179 10.20 1.13
Matain 8,275 907 10.96 0.87 5,908 71.40 5.64 5,908 71.40 5.64
Naugsol 2,704 726 26.85 0.69 519 19.19 0.50 519 19.19 0.50
Pamatawan 4,292 585 13.63 0.56 2,221 51.75 2.12 2,221 51.75 2.12
San Isidro 7,869 4,575 58.14 4.37 1,456 18.50 1.39 1,456 18.50 1.39
Sto. Tomas 5,481 2,574 46.96 2.46 1,275 23.26 1.22 1,275 23.26 1.22
Wawandue 2,090 1,273 60.91 1.22 170 8.13 0.16 170 8.13 0.16
Total 104,771 29,041 27.72 27.72 34,969 33.38 33.38 34,969 33.38 33.38
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) Technical Report on the
1:10,000 Scale Exposure Maps of Population, Built-up Areas and Roads of Subic, Zambales 2016
Notes:
1. Population was based on the 2015 PSA Census
2. Percentages on all levels of susceptibility were recomputed based on the MGB data on population exposed.
Mangan-vaca (6,242 people),

San Isidro (4,575 people), and
Ilwas (2,775 people) recorded
the largest population with high
to very high flooding exposure in
2015 (Figure 77). Looking at
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) Technical Report on the 1:10,000 Scale Exposure Maps
of Population, Built-up Areas and Roads of Subic, Zambales 2016
the percentage of the exposed
population per barangay, Ilwas
residents are most prone to high
to very high flooding (86.02%)
followed by Wawandue residents
(60.91%), and Asinan Poblacion
residents (58.33%).
Figure 77: Population at Risk to

Flooding
72
The maps from Figure 78 to Figure 80 show an overview of the exposure of the residents of Subic to
flooding. The intensity of the color of each barangay reflects the percentage of the population exposed
to flooding – the greater the color intensity, the greater is the percentage of population exposed to
flooding.
In Figure 78, Mangan-vaca and San Isidro generated the highest percentage of population with high to
very high flood susceptibility of 5.96% and 4.37%, respectively, with reference to the 2015 population.
Similarly, these barangays recorded the largest number of people at risk to high to very high flooding
(within the range of 2,776-6,242).
Figure 78: Map of Population Exposed to High to Very High Flood

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1f7Od4R2z_06auXSWg8d32RXwz6ZzntL4/view?usp=drive_link
Figure 79 shows the population exposed to moderate flooding, wherein Calapacuan has the highest
recorded population of 7,634 who are exposed to moderate flood. Other barangays within the range of
2,222-7,634 people at risk were identified as Matain (5,908), Cawag (5,415), and Calapandayan
(5,311). These barangays also represent the largest percentage of population exposed to moderate
flood within the range of 2.13%-7.29%.
Figure 80 presents the population exposed to low flooding, wherein Calapacuan has the highest
recorded population of 7,634, who were exposed to low flood. Other barangays within the range of
2,222-7,634 people at risk were identified as Matain (5,908), Cawag (5,415), and Calapandayan
(5,311). These barangays also represent the largest percentage of population exposed to low flood
within the range of 2.13%-7.29%.
73
Figure 79: Map of Population Exposed to Moderate Flood

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a4hOUAOYcDPBsSqi1V-0NGzDbyEoG286/view?usp=drive_link
Figure 80: Map of Population Exposed to Low Flood

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vocjFjNlXFLgQ52IaAiS9ayL1czP-ApU/view?usp=drive_link
74
Roads exposed to flooding
Subic’s total road length in 2015 totaled to 232.23 kilometers, wherein 52.60 kilometers (22.65%) were
identified as susceptible to high to very high flood, 25.00 kilometers (10.77%) to moderate flood, and
59.94 kilometers (25.85%) to low flood.
Table 32: Roads Susceptible to Flooding
High to Very High Moderate Low
Road Length
Barangay % to Total % to Brgy. % to Total % to Brgy. % to Total
in km. (2015) Road Length % to Brgy. Road Length Road Length
Road Road Road Road Road
(km.) Road Length (km.) (km.)
Length Length Length Length Length
Asinan Proper 6.03 1.49102 24.73 0.64 0.49952 8.29 0.22 1.90121 31.54 0.82
Batiawan 22.05 1.88423 8.54 0.81 0.48560 2.20 0.21 1.75920 7.98 0.76
Calapacuan 7.73 1.12644 14.56 0.49 0.42202 5.46 0.18 5.34291 69.08 2.30
Calapandayan 10.10 2.05901 20.38 0.89 0.16717 1.65 0.07 5.09350 50.41 2.19
Cawag 85.31 10.14040 11.89 4.37 8.17718 9.59 3.52 19.30950 22.64 8.31
Ilwas 1.72 1.67148 97.28 0.72 0.04671 2.72 0.02 0.00000 0.00 0.00
Mangan-vaca 20.24 9.32704 46.09 4.02 4.24149 20.96 1.83 2.22570 11.00 0.96
Matain 4.56 0.30216 6.63 0.13 0.62665 13.75 0.27 3.62763 79.62 1.56
Naugsol 11.95 1.42113 11.89 0.61 0.68800 5.76 0.30 1.16927 9.78 0.50
Pamatawan 12.29 2.16448 17.61 0.93 2.74541 22.34 1.18 7.32291 59.59 3.15
San Isidro 13.53 7.61971 56.30 3.28 0.29172 2.16 0.13 2.87952 21.28 1.24
Sto. Tomas 21.38 9.27650 43.39 3.99 1.33328 6.24 0.57 5.75748 26.93 2.48
Wawandue 1.79 0.74567 41.68 0.32 0.59042 33.01 0.25 0.45275 25.31 0.19
Total 232.23 52.59507 22.65 22.65 25.00936 10.77 10.77 59.94653 25.81 25.81
Notes:
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) Technical Report on the 1:10,000 Scale Exposure Maps of
a. Road network
Population, and and
Built-up Areas critical facilities
Roads of were2016
Subic, Zambales obtained from DPWH and open sources
b. Road
Notes: Length in 2015 is computed based on the road length at risk and its percentage
a. Road network and critical facilities were obtained from DPWH and open sources
b. Road Length in 2015 is computed based on the road length at risk and its percentage
In Figure 82, about 69.14% or 36.36 kilometers out of the total road length of 52.60 kilometers exposed
to high to very high flood, represent barangays with the largest road length within the 2.13-10.14
kilometers range, which is composed of Cawag (10.14 kilometers), Mangan-vaca (9.33 kilometers), Sto.
Tomas (9.27 kilometers), and San Isidro (7.62 kilometers). The remaining road length (30.86%)
equivalent to 16.23 kilometers was distributed to the remaining twelve (12) barangays.
With respect to the percentage of road length susceptible to high to very high flood per barangay, Ilwas
topped the rank with a rate of 97.28% of its total road length of 1.72 kilometers. Next to Ilwas were
Asinan Poblacion and San Isidro with rates of 64.54% and 56.30%, respectively.
Out of the 25.00 kilometers road with moderate susceptibility to flood, 49.66% or 12.42 kilometers
represent barangays with the largest road length within the range of 4.24-8.18 kilometers, which consist
of Cawag (8.18 kilometers) and Mangan-vaca (4.24 kilometers) (Table 32 and Figure 81). The
remaining 50.34% represents the total road length of the remaining fourteen (14) barangays.
Moreover, the percentage of Baraca-Camachile’s road length susceptible to moderate flood to its total
road length was recorded as the highest (85.12%) among the remaining fifteen (15) barangays, which
only represents 35.46% and below out of the total road length of each barangay (Table 32). With
regards to the percent risk per barangay to the total road length of Subic, Cawag (3.52%) and Mangan-
vaca (1.83%) are within the highest range of 1.84%-3.52% (Figure 83).
75
Figure 81: Roads at Risk to Flooding
Figure 82: Map of Roads Exposed to High to Very High Flood

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rDn0rCwxCHsxO6FA3AFfwj0Scn13GGIt/view?usp=drive_link
76
Figure 83: Map of Roads Exposed to Moderate Flood

https://drive.google.com/file/d/174jKK0Z7ey2J1jexRoZzFBtKaYwltMl9/view?usp=drive_link
In Table 32, 59.95 kilometers road was recorded as susceptible to low flooding, wherein 26.63
kilometers (44.43%) represent the largest road length within the range of 7.33-19.31 kilometers (Figure
84). This is composed of Cawag (19.31 kilometers) and Pamatawan (7.32 kilometers). In terms of
percentage of roads per barangay susceptible to low flooding, Matain has recorded the largest road
length, which is equivalent to almost 80% of its total road length. Next to Matain are Calapacuan and
Pamatawan, which represent 69.08% and 59.59% of its total road length, respectively. On the other
hand, there was no recorded road with low flood susceptibility in Asinan Poblacion, Baraca-Camachile,
and Ilwas as the whole area of these barangays are more prone to high to very high and moderate
flooding.
77
Figure 84: Map of Roads Exposed to Low Flood

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wXzK6Qg5C_XjB5KUKswR7Inf3Xf9lA5R/view?usp=drive_link
Exposure Analysis for Landslides
Built-up Areas Exposed to Landslide
Out of the total built-up area in 2015, which was estimated to be around 13.22 square kilometres (1,322
hectares) representing 5.18% of the total area of Subic, 5.95% (0.79 square kilometres) have high to
very high landslide susceptibility, 10.77% (1.42 square kilometres) have moderate landslide
susceptibility, and 14.56% (1.92 square kilometres) have low landslide susceptibility. (Table 33)
78
Table 33: Built-up Areas Susceptible to Landslides

Levels of Landslide Susceptibility
Built-up High to Very High Moderate Low
Area in
Barangay % to Built- % to Total % to Built- % to Total % to Built- % to Total
sq.km. Built-up Built-up Built-up
(2015) up Area Built-up up Area Built-up up Area Built-up
Area Area Area
per Brgy. Area per Brgy. Area per Brgy. Area
Asinan Proper 0.64 0.04507 7.04 0.34 0.01051 1.64 0.08 0.30454 47.56 2.30
Batiawan 0.49 0.04692 9.57 0.35 0.10001 20.40 0.76 0.26945 54.96 2.04
Calapacuan 0.73 0.08235 11.33 0.62 0.09533 13.12 0.72 0.00739 1.02 0.06
Calapandayan 0.64 0.01971 3.08 0.15 0.09793 15.30 0.74 0.02886 4.51 0.22
Cawag 5.71 0.46989 8.22 3.55 0.89253 15.62 6.75 0.91908 16.08 6.95
Ilwas 0.13 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00230 1.72 0.02
Mangan-vaca 1.00 0.00874 0.88 0.07 0.00946 0.95 0.07 0.13735 13.79 1.04
Matain 0.24 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00029 0.12 0.00 0.00681 2.82 0.05
Naugsol 0.23 0.00626 2.67 0.05 0.01293 5.51 0.10 0.04941 21.07 0.37
Pamatawan 0.57 0.00042 0.07 0.00 0.00173 0.31 0.01 0.03070 5.43 0.23
San Isidro 0.79 0.05309 6.70 0.40 0.08288 10.46 0.63 0.02503 3.16 0.19
Sto. Tomas 1.17 0.02636 2.25 0.20 0.10243 8.74 0.77 0.09455 8.07 0.72
Wawandue 0.27 0.02518 9.37 0.19 0.01291 4.81 0.10 0.00000 0.00 0.00
Total 13.22 0.78637 5.95 5.95 1.42340 10.77 10.77 1.92483 14.56 14.56
Note:
Source:Built-up areas
Mines and were digitized
Geosciences byVulnerability
Bureau (MGB) the MGB from the
and Risk Google(VRA)
Assessment mapTechnical
and other open sources and re-projected based on
Report on the 1:10,000 Scale Exposure Maps of Population, Built-up Areas and Roads of
theSubic,
projections of the NAMRIA
Zambales 2016
Note: Built-up areas were digitized from the google map and other open sources and re-projected
based on the projections of the NAMRIA
In Figure 85, only Cawag
registered the largest built-up
areas at risk to landslides with
high to very high susceptibility,
which is equivalent to 0.47
square kilometres. In terms of
percentage of landslide
susceptibility per barangay,
Calapacuan has the highest
which accounts to 11.33% of
its total built-up area, followed
by Batiawan (9.57%) and
Wawandue (9.37%) (Table 33
and Figure 86).
Figure 85: Built-up Areas at Risk to

Landslides
The maps from Figure 86 to Figure 88 show an overview of the exposure of built-up areas of Subic to
landslide. The intensity of the color of each barangay reflects the percentage of the built-up areas
exposed to landslide – the greater the color intensity, the greater is the percentage of built-up areas
79
exposed to landslide. The MGB used its hazard data from the Detailed Landslide and Flood Hazard
Map of Subic (Figure 72).
In Figure 86, gray-shaded areas represent the built-up areas while red-shaded represent built-up areas
with high to very high landslide susceptibility. With reference to the total built-up area in 2015, Cawag
has the largest percentage of built-up area at risk to high to very high landslide of 0.63%-3.55% (see
map legend), which is equivalent to 3.55% (see Table 33).
Figure 86: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to High to Very High Landslide
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AUZ_a2PsExUSUoSTsOA9Sz_-3EjOOtBm/view?usp=drive_link
In Figure 87, gray-shaded areas represent the built-up areas while green-shaded represent built-up
areas with moderate landslide susceptibility. With reference to the total built-up area in 2015, Cawag
remained as the top barangay in terms of the largest percentage of built-up area exposed to moderate
landslide (6.75%) (see Table 33), which is within the range of 0.78%-6.75% (see map legend).
In Figure 88, gray-shaded areas represent the built-up areas while yellow-shaded represent areas with
low landslide susceptibility. With reference to the total built-up area in 2015, Cawag remained to have
the largest percentage of built-up area exposed to low landslide (6.95%) (Table 33), the highest is
within the 2.31%-14.67% range (see map legend).
80
Figure 87: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to Moderate Landslide

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RKkzGfW9CcFjLaMp6WTGcBm-kdQt4S3I/view?usp=drive_link
Figure 88: Map of Built-up Areas Exposed to Low Landslide

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1--3BAXwwd0RDcw4DFI884xLtOB-LeEZY/view?usp=drive_link
81
Population exposed to landslide
About 4.74% (4,968) of the 2015 population have high to very high exposure to landslide, 7.63% of the
2015 population (7,999) have moderate susceptibility, while 11.20% (11,737) have low susceptibility.
Table 34: Population Susceptible to Landslide

Base High to Very High Moderate Low
Barangay Population
(2015) % to Brgy. % to 2015 % to Brgy. % to 2015 % to Brgy. % to 2015
Population Population Population
Population Population Population Population Population Population
Aningway-Sacatihan 5,357 36 0.67 0.03 68 1.27 0.06 758 14.15 0.72
Asinan Poblacion 1,212 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00
Asinan Proper 7,855 553 7.04 0.53 129 1.64 0.12 3,736 47.56 3.57
Baraca-Camachile 3,596 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00
Batiawan 1,310 126 9.62 0.12 267 20.38 0.25 720 54.96 0.69
Calapacuan 14,307 1,621 11.33 1.55 1,877 13.12 1.79 145 1.01 0.14
Calapandayan 9,684 298 3.08 0.28 1,482 15.30 1.41 437 4.51 0.42
Cawag 15,956 1,312 8.22 1.25 2,492 15.62 2.38 2,566 16.08 2.45
Ilwas 3,226 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 55 1.70 0.05
Mangan-vaca 11,557 101 0.87 0.10 110 0.95 0.10 1,594 13.79 1.52
Matain 8,275 0 0.00 0.00 10 0.12 0.01 233 2.82 0.22
Naugsol 2,704 72 2.66 0.07 149 5.51 0.14 570 21.08 0.54
Pamatawan 4,292 3 0.07 0.00 13 0.30 0.01 233 5.43 0.22
San Isidro 7,869 527 6.70 0.50 823 10.46 0.79 248 3.15 0.24
Sto. Tomas 5,481 123 2.24 0.12 479 8.74 0.46 442 8.06 0.42
Wawandue 2,090 196 9.38 0.19 100 4.78 0.10 0 0.00 0.00
Total 104,771 4,968 4.74 4.74 7,999 7.63 7.63 11,737 11.20 11.20
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) Technical Report on the 1:10,000 Scale Exposure Maps
of Population, Built-up Areas and Roads of Subic, Zambales 2016
Calapacuan and Cawag

recorded as having the largest
population with high to very high
landslide exposure in 2015 with
1,621 and 1,312 people at risk,
respectively (Table 34 and
Figure 89). Looking at the rate
of exposure of the population
per barangay, Calapacuan
residents are the most at risk to
high to very high landslide
(11.33%) followed by Batiawan
residents (9.62%), and
Wawandue residents (9.38%)
(Table 34). On the other hand,
Asinan Poblacion and Baraca-
Camachile has no recorded risk
to any level of landslide
susceptibility as these are
located in generally flat areas.
Figure 89: Population at Risk to

Landslide
82
The maps from Figure 90 to Figure 92 show an overview of the exposure of the residents of Subic to
landslide. The intensity of the color of each barangay reflects the percentage of the population
exposed to landslide – the greater the color intensity, the greater is the percentage of population
exposed to landslide.
In Table 34, with reference to the 2015 population, Calapacuan and Cawag recorded the highest
percentage of population with high to very high flood susceptibility of 1.55% and 1.25%, respectively.
Similarly, these barangays recorded the largest number of people at risk to high to very high landslide
within the range of 554-1,621 (Figure 90, see also map legend). Asinan Poblacion, Baraca-Camachile,
Ilwas, and Matain have no recorded risk to high to very high landslide.
Figure 90: Map of Population Exposed to High to Very High Landslide

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_4wFgjdpgdMo6Uu1Ecrcwtz4LAbjDfxF/view?usp=drive_link
On the other hand, Cawag and Calapandayan has the highest rate of population with moderate
landslide susceptibility of 2.38% (2,492 people) and 1.41% (1,482 people), respectively. These
barangays recorded the largest number of people at risk to moderate landslide within the range of
1,878-2,492 (Figure 91, see also map legend). There is no recorded risk to moderate landslide in
Asinan Poblacion, Baraca-Camachile, and Ilwas.
Asinan Poblacion has the highest rate of population with low landslide susceptibility of 3.57% (3,736
people) with reference to the 2015 population (Table 34). It also recorded the largest number of people
at risk to high to very high landslide within the range of 2,567-3,736 (Figure 92, see also map legend).
There is no registered exposure to low landslide in Asinan Poblacion, Baraca-Camachile, and
Wawandue.
83
Figure 91: Map of Population Exposed to Moderate Landslide

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qtckufUKNLNm92hyiwxTilvdTkmK-RV-/view?usp=drive_link
Figure 92: Map of Population Exposed to Low Landslide

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fFbCq4rRi8RXcoyQS1cjMBtvspYQAi61/view?usp=drive_link
84
Roads Exposed to Landslide
With reference to the 232.23 kilometers total road length of Subic in 2015, 24.80 kilometers (10.68%)
were recorded as susceptible to high to very high landslide, 18.89 kilometers (8.14%) to moderate
landslide, and 50.98 kilometers (21.95%) to low landslide. No roads were identified as at risk to all
levels of landslide in Asinan Poblacion, Baraca-Camachile, Ilwas, Matain, and Wawandue (Table 35).
Table 35: Roads Susceptible to Landslide
Road Length High to Very High Moderate Low
Barangay
in km. (2015) Road Length % to % to Road Length % to % to Road Length % to % to
(km.) Brgy. Total (km.) Brgy. Total (km.) Brgy. Total
Aningway-Sacatihan 10.47 0.12101 Road1.16 Road0.05 0.11080 Road1.06 Road
0.05 2.15237 Road
20.56 Road
0.93
Asinan Proper 6.03 0.14842 2.46 0.06 0.17904 2.97 0.08 1.80944 30.01 0.78
Batiawan 22.05 2.79141 12.66 1.20 3.96920 18.00 1.71 11.16250 50.62 4.81
Calapacuan 7.73 0.11013 1.42 0.05 0.27679 3.58 0.12 0.45627 5.90 0.20
Calapandayan 10.10 0.45065 4.46 0.19 1.87837 18.60 0.81 0.45524 4.51 0.20
Cawag 85.31 18.52870 21.72 7.98 6.15704 7.22 2.65 22.99420 26.95 9.90
Ilwas 1.72 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00000 0.00 0.00
Mangan-vaca 20.24 0.28249 1.40 0.12 0.40962 2.02 0.18 3.74611 18.51 1.61
Matain 4.56 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00000 0.00 0.00
Naugsol 11.95 1.93981 16.23 0.84 2.28503 19.12 0.98 4.44702 37.21 1.91
Pamatawan 12.29 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.05548 0.45 0.02
San Isidro 13.53 0.27542 2.04 0.12 1.67670 12.39 0.72 0.79156 5.85 0.34
Santo Tomas 21.38 0.15518 0.73 0.07 1.95113 9.13 0.84 2.90605 13.59 1.25
Wawandue 1.79 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00000 0.00 0.00
Total 232.23 24.80322 10.68 10.68 18.89372 8.14 8.14 50.97624 21.95 21.95
Notes:
1. Road network and critical facilities were obtained from DPWH and open sources
2.Source:
Road Length in 2015 is computed based on the road length at risk and its percentage
Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA) Technical Report
on the 1:10,000 Scale Exposure Maps of Population, Built-up Areas and Roads of Subic, Zambales 2016
Notes:
With reference
a. Road network and to Table
critical facilities 35,
were obtained from DPWH and open sources
Cawag has the largest road
b. Road Length in 2015 is computed based on the road length at risk and its percentage
length, which accounts to almost

three-fourths (74.70% or 18.53
kilometers) of the total road
length of 24.80 kilometers,
classified as at risk to high to very
high landslide (see Figure 93),
and can be seen as within the
2.80-18.53 kilometers range
(Figure 94, see also map
legend). The remaining road
length equivalent to 6.27
kilometers (25.30%) was
distributed to the remaining nine
(9) barangays. There were no
roads with high to very high
landslide risks were recorded in
six (6) barangays (Asinan
Poblacion, Baraca-Camachile,
Ilwas, Matain, Pamatawan, and
Wawandue).
Figure 93: Roads at Risk to Landslides
85
As regards with the percentage of road length susceptible to high to very high landslide per barangay,
Cawag topped the rank with a rate of 21.72% of its total road length of 85.31 kilometers. The rest of the
barangays’ are within the rate of 0.73%-16.23% of its total road lengths which are susceptible to high to
very high landslide.
Generally, Cawag’s total road length at risk to high to very high landslide remains as the highest
contributor to Subic’s susceptibility to this hazard with a rate of 7.98%, which is nearly three times the
combined rate of the remaining barangays (2.70%), as shown by the greatest color intensity in the map
in Figure 94 representing the percent risk of 1.21%-7.98% (see also map legend).
Figure 94: Map of Roads Exposed to High to Very High Landslide

https://drive.google.com/file/d/15xVJaT-8pBwl4N4BpRVzgHSHSa6D1ZHU/view?usp=drive_link
Again, Cawag was recorded as the highest in terms of the total road length at risk to moderate landslide
(6.16 kilometers), which represents almost one-third of the total road length of Subic susceptible to
moderate landslide (18.89 kilometers) (Figure 95). This translates to a percent risk of 2.65%
contributed by Cawag to Subic’s total road length with moderate landslide susceptibility (see also map
legend).
On the other hand, the rate of Naugsol’s total road length to Subic’s road length at risk to moderate
landslide was registered as the highest (19.12%), followed by Calapandayan (18.60%), and Batiawan
(18.00%) (Table 35).
86
Figure 95: Map of Roads Exposed to Moderate Landslide

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T-ScV2S7Tmmc4YrqNNdMF_-sS1DPXjyA/view?usp=drive_link
Out of the eleven (11) barangays susceptible to low landslide, Cawag has the largest road length of
22.99 kilometers representing 9.90% of Subic’s total road length of 232.23 kilometers. With regards to
the percentage of barangays’ total road length at risk to low landslide to its total road length, Cawag
have the largest percentage equivalent to 50%, followed by Naugsol (37.21%), and Asinan Proper
(30.01%).
Figure 96: Map of Roads Exposed to Low Landslide

https://drive.google.com/file/d/11Px3JFbCNKMSHyn_0zOu9DX_6WByT4ll/view?usp=drive_link
87
88
Chapter 3
Demographic Profile
This chapter presents the municipality’s population composition and distribution as of the latest and/or
previous census of population (POPCEN) conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).
Population composition and distribution are sometimes both presented as the population and
household population. Population or the total population includes the institutional population, which is
why it is greater than the household population.
Population Composition
Population by Age Group and Gender
Subic has a population of 111,912 in 2020 – a 6.38 % increase from the 2015 population of 104,771,
although there were three (3) age groups that reflect a decline in population – 0-4 years old, 20-24
years old, and 25-29 years old with an aggregate decline of 2,072 individuals.
Table 36: Population by age group and gender, 2015 & 2020
Increase/ Decrease
2015 2020
Age Group in Total
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Rate
0-4 12,130 6,223 5,907 11,188 5,895 5,293 (942) -8.42%
5-9 11,403 5,941 5,462 11,989 6,197 5,792 586 4.88%
10 - 14 10,037 5,243 4,794 11,680 6,028 5,652 1,643 14.07%
15 - 19 10,032 5,117 4,915 10,779 5,601 5,178 747 6.93%
20 - 24 10,424 5,552 4,872 10,306 5,219 5,087 (118) -1.14%
25 - 29 10,109 5,484 4,625 9,097 4,629 4,467 (1,012) -11.13%
30 - 34 8,369 4,456 3,913 8,690 4,491 4,199 321 3.69%
35 - 39 6,966 3,625 3,341 7,779 3,975 3,804 813 10.45%
40 - 44 5,755 3,049 2,706 6,572 3,395 3,178 817 12.44%
45 - 49 5,150 2,646 2,504 5,687 2,976 2,711 537 9.44%
50 - 54 4,325 2,188 2,137 5,171 2,619 2,551 846 16.35%
55 - 59 3,448 1,652 1,796 4,316 2,126 2,189 868 20.11%
60 - 64 2,692 1,255 1,437 3,375 1,625 1,750 683 20.23%
65 - 69 1,875 886 989 2,361 1,063 1,298 486 20.58%
70 - 74 943 411 532 1,599 690 909 656 41.04%
75 - 79 591 226 365 679 264 416 88 13.01%
80 years and over 522 157 365 645 190 455 123 19.11%
Total 104,771 54,111 50,660 111,912 56,986 54,926 7,141 6.38%
Participation Rate 51.65% 48.35% 50.92% 49.08%
Sex Ratio 107 104
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 and 2020 POPCEN
The 2020 percentage of male population of 50.92% recorded a slight decline from 51.65% in 2015
while the female population has increased from 48.35% in 2015 to 49.08% in 2020.
89
Figure 97: Male-female
population, 2015 & 2020
Figure 98: Population

Participation Rate by Age
Group, 2020
Subic’s 2020 population represents an expansive population pyramid (Figure 99), as the large
proportion of population belongs to the younger age groups. The largest male population belongs to the
age group 5-9 years old (6,197), followed by 10-14 years old (6,028), and 0-4 years old (5,895). On the
other hand, those age groups with the lowest male population are 80 years and over (190), 75-79 years
old (264), and 70-74 years old (690).
90
Female population
accounts highest in the
following age groups: 5-9
years old (5,792), 10-14
years old (5,652), and 0-4
years old (5,293). Age
groups with the lowest
population are 75-79 years
old (416), 80 years old and
over (455), and 70-74
years old (909).
Figure 99: Male-female

Population by Age Group,
2020
Household Population by Age Group and Gender
The household population (excludes institutional population) in

Increasing household 2015 was accounted at 103,814, which represents 99.09% of
population from 99.09% in the population (includes institutional population) while 99.80%
2015 to 99.80% in 2020 in 2020. In 2020, the age groups 0-4 years old and 25-29
years old experienced a decline in population of -8.53% and -
8.31%, respectively.
Table 37: Household Population by Age Group and Gender, 2015 & 2020
Increase/Decrease
2015 2020
Age Group in Total
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Rate
0-4 12,117 6,216 5,901 11,165 5,883 5,282 (952) -8.53%
5-9 11,342 5,909 5,433 11,964 6,184 5,780 622 5.20%
10 - 14 9,960 5,206 4,754 11,656 6,016 5,640 1,696 14.55%
15 - 19 9,941 5,055 4,886 10,757 5,590 5,167 816 7.59%
20 - 24 10,215 5,366 4,849 10,285 5,208 5,077 70 0.68%
25 - 29 9,832 5,241 4,591 9,078 4,620 4,458 (754) -8.31%
30 - 34 8,256 4,351 3,905 8,672 4,482 4,190 416 4.80%
35 - 39 6,926 3,589 3,337 7,763 3,967 3,796 837 10.78%
40 - 44 5,720 3,020 2,700 6,559 3,388 3,171 839 12.79%
45 - 49 5,137 2,633 2,504 5,675 2,970 2,705 538 9.48%
50 - 54 4,320 2,183 2,137 5,160 2,614 2,546 840 16.28%
55 - 59 3,440 1,648 1,792 4,307 2,122 2,185 867 20.13%
60 - 64 2,687 1,253 1,434 3,368 1,622 1,746 681 20.22%
65 - 69 1,873 885 988 2,356 1,061 1,295 483 20.50%
70 - 74 939 410 529 1,596 689 907 657 41.17%
75 - 79 588 226 362 678 263 415 90 13.27%
80 years and over 521 157 364 644 190 454 123 19.10%
Total 103,814 53,348 50,466 111,683 56,869 54,814 7,869 7.05%
Participation Rate 51.39% 48.61% 50.92% 49.08%
Sex Ratio 106 104
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 and 2020 Census of Population
91
Population by School-age, Working-age, Voting Age, and Dependent Age Group by Gender
Out of the total population, more than 40% is composed of the school going population, almost two-
thirds belong to the working age group, nearly 70% are in the labor force, two-thirds are in the voting
age, and more than a third of the population are dependents (Table 38).
Looking at the participation rate of age groups in the school going population, those who belong to the
secondary age group comprised the largest share (35%) while those who belong to the tertiary age
group accounted as the smallest (18%). The table below also shows that, generally, there were more
males than females, as indicated by the sex ratios of higher than 100. However, the old dependent
population was dominated by females as represented by its sex ratio of lower than 100.
Table 38: Population Composition by Age Group and Gender, 2015

% to Age % to Male Female Sex
Age Group Total
Group Population No. PR No. PR Ratio
School going population 46,593 44.47% 24,219 52.0% 22,375 48.0% 108
Pre school (3-6) 9,413 20.20% 8.98% 4,866 51.7% 4,548 48.3% 107
Elementary (7-12) 12,864 27.61% 12.28% 6,710 52.2% 6,154 47.8% 109
Secondary (13-18) 16,055 34.46% 15.32% 8,288 51.6% 7,767 48.4% 107
Tertiary (19-22) 8,261 17.73% 7.88% 4,355 52.7% 3,906 47.3% 111
Working age (15-64) 67,270 64.21% 35,024 52.1% 32,246 47.9% 109
Labor Force (15 & over) 71,201 67.96% 36,704 51.5% 34,497 48.5% 106
Voting Age (18 & over) 65,182 62.21% 33,634 51.6% 31,548 48.4% 107
Dependent population 37,501 35.79% 19,087 50.9% 18,414 49.1% 104
Young (0-14) 33,570 89.52% 32.04% 17,407 51.9% 16,163 48.1% 108
Old (65 & over) 3,931 10.48% 3.75% 1,680 42.7% 2,251 57.3% 75
Total Population 104,771 54,111 50,660 107
Source : Computed based on the 2015 PSA census data on household population by Age Group
Note:Source : Computed
PR is Participation based on the PSA 2015 POPCEN
Rate
Note: PR is Participation Rate
Figure 100: Population Composition by Age Group & Gender, 2015
92
Table 39: Age Dependency Ratio, 2015
Dependent Age Group Population Ratio
The total dependency ratio of Subic comprised Young (0-14) 33,570 49.90
56%, which is composed of 49.90% young Old (65 & over) 3,931 5.84
dependents and 5.84% old dependents. Total 37,501 55.75
Population Distribution
Population, Household Population, Number of Households, and Average Household Size by

Barangay
Cawag was the most populated barangay in 2015, with a population of 15,956 representing 15.23% of
the total population of Subic. Calapacuan ranked second having 14,307 individuals (13.66%), which
was a little short of around 1,600 individuals than Cawag. The third
was Mangan-vaca comprising 11.03% with 11,557 individuals. On the
Cawag as the
most populated; contrary, Asinan Poblacion has the smallest population of 1,212 or
Asinan Poblacion as 1.16% while Batiawan and Wawandue represents 1.25% (1,310
the least populated individuals) and 1.99% (2,090 individuals) portions of the total
population of Subic, respectively.
Table 40: Population, Household Population, Number of Households and Average Household Size, 2015
2015
Barangay Total Participation Household No. of Average
Population Rate (%) Population Households Household Size
Urban
Aningway Sacatihan 5,357 5.11 5,341 1,449 3.69
Asinan Poblacion 1,212 1.16 1,189 291 4.09
Asinan Proper 7,855 7.50 7,611 1,835 4.15
Baraca-Camachile (Pob.) 3,596 3.43 3,595 893 4.03
Calapacuan 14,307 13.66 14,298 3,299 4.33
Calapandayan (Pob.) 9,684 9.24 9,615 2,342 4.11
Cawag 15,956 15.23 15,822 3,825 4.14
Ilwas (Pob.) 3,226 3.08 3,226 798 4.04
Mangan-Vaca 11,557 11.03 11,141 2,682 4.15
Matain 8,275 7.90 8,266 1,860 4.44
San Isidro 7,869 7.51 7,869 1,828 4.30
Santo Tomas 5,481 5.23 5,456 1,361 4.01
Wawandue (Pob.) 2,090 1.99 2,079 536 3.88
Total Urban 96,465 92.07 95,508 22,999 4.15
Rural
Batiawan 1,310 1.25 1,310 301 4.35
Naugsol 2,704 2.58 2,704 686 3.94
Pamatawan 4,292 4.10 4,292 1,028 4.18
Total Rural 8,306 7.93 8,306 2,015 4.12
Total 104,771 100.00 103,814 25,014 4.15
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Population by Province, City, Municipality, and
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Population by
Barangay, Region III-Central Luzon, Report No. 1-E, p. 80. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/03_Region%203.pdf
Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay, Region III-Central Luzon, Report No. 1-E, p. 80.
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/03_Region%203.pdf
Notes:
1. PR is for Participation Rate
2. HH is for Households
93
Also in 2015, urban population make up 92.07% of the total population and the remaining 7.93%
comprised the rural population. Of the sixteen (16) barangays, only three (3) belongs to rural:
Batiawan, Naugsol, and Pamatawan. These rural barangays, although transportation lines are present,
there are still areas which cannot easily be accessed particularly areas with rolling to very steep slopes.
With regards to the average household size, Matain has the largest (4.44), followed by Batiawan (4.35),
and Calapacuan (4.33). Urban barangays’ average household size (4.15) is higher by 0.03 points than
rural barangays (4.12), but the overall average household size remains at 4.15.
Figure 101: Population and Household Population, 2015
94
Urbanization Level
For the past 25 years, Subic has reached an urbanization level of 91.4 in 2020 – 31 points higher than
the 1995 urbanization level of 60.4. Censal years 2000, 2007 and 2015 reflected negative figures in
the average annual population growth rate of rural population, which denotes a continuously decreasing
rural population and a high level of urbanization. The tempo of urbanization was recorded at 10.84% in
2000, while it slowed down to 8% in 2007 and reached its momentum in 2010 and 2015, with 10.18%
and 12.06% urbanization rates, respectively.
Table 41: Urbanization Level for the Past 20 Years

Average Yearly Average 5-Year Level of
Population
Year Population Growth Tempo of Urbanization
Urban Rural Total Rate (%)
Urban Rural Urbanization (%) (%)
1995 34,467 22,632 57,099 60.4
2000 42,824 20,195 63,019 5.09 -5.76 10.84 68.0
2007 67,520 9,598 77,118 3.24 -4.76 8.00 87.6
2010 78,406 11,318 89,724 21.16 10.98 10.18 87.4
2015 96,465 8,306 104,771 6.10 -5.96 12.06 92.1
2020 102,343 9,569 111,912 4.67 3.17 1.50 91.4
Figure 102: Urbanization Level and Tempo of Urbanization, 1995-2020
Population Density and Built-up Density
Subic’s total land area in hectare is 25,506.01 hectares or 255.06 square

kilometres. With a population of 104,771 in 2015, the gross density of Gross density is the
Subic was computed at 411 persons per square kilometre. More so, the ratio of the total
urban density has been figured out as 766 persons per square kilometre, population of an
area to the total
while the density of rural barangays was computed at 64 persons per land area.
square kilometre. - CLUP Guidebook -
95
Ilwas has the highest population density of 20,213 persons
per square kilometre considering that it has the second lowest
Ilwas, Matain, and Wawandue
land area of 15.96 hectares or 0.16 square kilometers next to
have the highest population
Asinan Poblacion. Another factor of its high population
density of around 11,000 to
density is the accessibility of the whole barangay to all types
20,000 per square kilometer of roads and transportation lines, to market and similar
establishments and other economic activities, and to all types
of services, facilities, and utilities.
Next in rank is Matain, which was computed as having a population density of 19,581, a 3% or 651
persons lower than Ilwas. Matain has an area of 42.26 hectares or 0.42 square kilometer, which was
placed at 4th in terms of having the lowest land areas. Similarly, Matain is 5th in terms of the highest
population in 2015.
And the third among the barangays with the highest population density is Wawandue (11,188 persons
per square kilometre). Wawandue ranked 3rd among the barangays with the lowest land area (18.68
hectares). It is also in rank 3 in terms of the barangays with the lowest population. Although
Wawandue’s land area only represents 0.07% of the total land area of Subic and it only has a
population representing 1.99% of the total population of Subic, it is within the vicinity of the Subic Public
Market and there were areas primarily devoted to economic activities (fishport, business
establishments), institutional areas (Kolehiyo Ng Subic, JFK-SPED), recreational area (Subic Sports
Complex).
Table 42: Population Density and Built-up Density by Barangay, 2015

Land Area Population Density Built-up Area % of Built-up Built-up Density
Barangay Population
ha. sq.km. (person/sq.km) (sq.km.) Area (person/sq.km)
Urban
Aningway Sacatihan 762.68 7.63 5,357 702 0.35 4.57 15,354
Asinan Poblacion 11.26 0.11 1,212 10,764 0.06 56.56 19,030
Asinan Proper 406.29 4.06 7,855 1,933 0.64 15.76 12,267
Baraca-Camachile 68.63 0.69 3,596 5,240 0.19 28.03 18,692
Calapacuan 235.32 2.35 14,307 6,080 0.73 30.88 19,688
Calapandayan 118.64 1.19 9,684 8,163 0.64 53.94 15,132
Cawag 9,710.74 97.11 15,956 164 5.71 5.88 2,792
Ilwas 15.96 0.16 3,226 20,213 0.13 83.98 24,068
Mangan-Vaca 926.41 9.26 11,557 1,248 1.00 10.75 11,605
Matain 42.26 0.42 8,275 19,581 0.24 57.18 34,247
San Isidro 188.70 1.89 7,869 4,170 0.79 42.01 9,927
Santo Tomas 82.70 0.83 5,481 6,628 1.17 141.67 4,678
Wawandue 18.68 0.19 2,090 11,188 0.27 143.80 7,780
Sub-Total 12,588.27 125.88 96,465 766 11.93 9.48 8,085
Rural
Batiawan 11,800.56 118.01 1,310 11 0.49 0.42 2,672
Naugsol 378.17 3.78 2,704 715 0.23 6.20 11,530
Pamatawan 739.02 7.39 4,292 581 0.57 7.65 7,596
Sub-Total 12,917.75 129.18 8,306 64 1.29 1.00 6,440
TOTAL 25,506.02 255.06 104,771 411 13.22 5.18 7,925
Notes:
1. Population is derived from the 2015 Census of Population.
2. Land area is derived from the digitized map in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2001-2010.
3. Built-up areas are based on the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Project Technical Report of Mines and Geosciences
Bureau (MGB), June 2016
Notes:
1. Land areas are based on the Subic Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2001-2010
2. the
Page invalid without Built-up areas
seal of En.P.are
PRCbased on the
No. 450, Vulnerability
Republic Act No. and RiskSection
10587 Assessment Project
5.(d) expert Technical Report of Mines an
witness.
Geosciences Bureau (MGB), June 2016
96
In contrast, the barangays with the lowest population density includes
Batiawan (11 persons per square kilometer), Cawag (164 persons per
Batiawan, Cawag, and square kilometer), and Pamatawan (581 persons per square
Pamatawan, have the kilometre). Batiawan and Cawag are mountainous barangays with
lowest population land areas of 11,800.56 hectares (118.01 square kilometres) and
density of around 10 to 9,710.74 hectares (97.11 square kilometres), respectively, making
600 per square them the top 2 barangays with the largest land areas. Pamatawan,
kilometer on the other hand, is 5th among the barangays with the largest land
area of 739.02 hectares (7.39 square kilometres).
Figure 103: Population Density by Barangay, 2015
Built-up density is considered as a more realistic indicator of

population concentration as it is derived from aerial photo and/or
Built-up area is an area
land use survey (HLURB, 2014). In Figure 104, Matain has the with contiguous grouping
highest built-up density of around 34,000 persons per square of ten (10) or more
kilometer. (see also the Population Density Map, 2015 in Figure structures on it.
- CLUP Guidebook -
105). The next two (2) barangays with the highest built-up density
include Ilwas and Calapacuan, which ranges from around 19,000 to
24,000 persons per square kilometer. In contrast, Batiawan and
Cawag have the lowest built-up density of less than 3,000 persons per square kilometer. This could be
attributed to the mountainous character of these barangays with large areas of high to very high slopes.
There were noted instances that the built-up area is larger than the land area, particularly in Sto. Tomas
and Wawandue (Table 42). This could be possible since the built-up area was computed based on the
total floor area of the structures in the barangays. Sto. Tomas has a built-up area of 1.17 square
kilometres while it only has an area of 0.83 square kilometer. Sto. Tomas, which served as an entry
from the south to the Municipality of Subic, highlights a considerable number of commercial
establishments and residential subdivisions in addition to the established residences and institutional
facilities. Similarly, Wawandue has a built-up area of 0.27 square kilometer while it only has a land
area of 0.19 square kilometer. This could be linked to its proximity to the public market and having
97
located within the central business district. Wawandue features numerous commercial establishments,
schools (Kolehiyo ng Subic and JFK-SPED), recreational facility (Subic Sports Complex), and fishport
along with the residential structures lined up in all parts of the barangay road, which also filled most of
the areas in both the lowland and coastal parts of the barangay.
Figure 104: Built-up Density by Barangay, 2015
Figure 105: Population Density Map, 2015

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1krb_eDg2GfJ_iD6FfBzva7-iCFbEYro9/view?usp=drive_link
98
Growth Population Density
For the past ten (10) years, Subic recorded an increase in its gross population density from 638
persons per square kilometre in 2010 to 795 persons per square kilometre in 2020. However, the
gross population density showed a sudden decline of 55 persons per square kilometre from the 2015
figure of 106 down to 51 in 2020.
Table 43: Growth Population Density for the Past 10 Years
Anent to this, six (6) barangays, all Population Density (person/sq.km.)
belongs to urban barangays, Barangay
2010 2015
Increase/
2020
Increase/
Decrease Decrease
showed a decline in population
Aningway Sacatihan 582 702 120 744 42
density. Wawandue experienced a Asinan Poblacion 7,842 10,764 2,922 9,520 -1,243
swift decline of nearly 4,000 Asinan Proper 1,559 1,933 374 2,227 294
persons per square kilometre or an Baraca-Camachile 4,087 5,240 1,153 4,909 -331
equivalent of 28% of its density in Batiawan 9 11 2 12 1
Calapacuan 5,767 6,080 313 6,640 561
2015, while the lowest recorded
Calapandayan 8,174 8,163 -12 8,718 555
decline in population density goes Cawag 123 164 41 175 11
to Sto. Tomas (65). The remaining Ilwas 19,919 20,213 294 18,503 -1,711
ten (10) barangays continuously Mangan-Vaca 871 1,248 377 1,464 217
experienced an increase in Matain 18,403 19,581 1,178 19,475 -106
Naugsol 541 715 174 861 146
population density from 2010-
Pamatawan 516 581 64 666 85
2020, except for Calapandayan, San Isidro 3,572 4,170 598 4,615 445
which recorded a slight decline of Santo Tomas 6,655 6,628 -28 6,562 -65
12 persons per square kilometre in Wawandue 9,995 11,188 1,194 7,195 -3,994
2015. SUBIC 638 744 106 795 51
Note: Population densities are computed based on the populations derived
from the PSA Census of Population 2010, 2015, and 2020
Figure 106: Growth Population Density, 2010-2020
99
Population Changes
Population Growth
Rate of natural increase (RNI)
In 2022, Subic population

was growing at a rate of Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) is the speed at which a population is
3.84% through natural increasing in a given period as a result of the interaction of the natural
demographic processes of births and deaths.
increase or the so-called rate - CLUP Guidebook -
of natural increase (RNI). It
is a population increase per
1,000 population as a result
of subtracting the crude
death rate to the crude birth
rate.
Figure 107: Rate of Natural

Increase (RNI), 2018-2022
Historical Growth of Population
Subic population grew from 3,955 in 1903 to 111,912 in 2020, an increase of 107,957 individuals over
the period of 117 years. An abrupt decrease in population was experienced in 1960, primarily because
of the creation of the then Municipality of Olongapo and was previously part of the Municipality of Subic,
which resulted to a decline of almost 50% of the 1948 population of 25,223 to the 1960 population of
12,985. But with reference to the 1960 population, Subic has a population increase of 98,927 in 2020.
Table 44: Population Growth Rate, 1903-2020

Increase/Decrease Annual Growth Rate (%)
Year Population
Number Rate Subic Zambales Central Luzon Philippines
1903 3,955
1918 14,159 10,204 258% 8.39 2.14 1.54 2.03
1939 14,923 764 5% 0.26 1.23 2.11 2.11
1948 25,223 10,300 69% 5.53 2.69 1.65 2.07
1960 12,985 (12,238) -49% -5.67 1.72 2.88 2.89
1970 22,266 9,281 71% 5.42 3.34 3.63 3.08
1975 28,139 5,873 26% 4.81 2.74 3.09 2.78
1980 30,340 2,201 8% 1.52 1.33 2.69 2.71
1990 46,929 16,589 55% 4.46 2.54 2.59 2.35
1995 57,099 10,170 22% 3.74 0.98 2.13 2.32
2000 63,019 5,920 10% 2.14 2.32 3.17 2.36
2007 77,118 14,099 22% 2.82 1.79 2.35 2.04
2010 89,724 12,606 16% 5.67 2.98 1.58 1.55
2015 104,771 15,047 17% 3.00 1.93 1.95 1.72
2020 111,912 7,141 7% 1.40 2.02 2.17 1.63
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, various censuses
100
Looking at the population growth rates (PGR) of Subic from 1970 to 2020, it was in 2010 when Subic
recorded the highest PGR of 5.67% at an increase of 2.85%, a figure slightly higher than the 2007 PGR
of 2.82%. Similarly, on that same year, Zambales recorded a 2.98% PGR, 1.19 points higher than the
2007 PGR of 1.79%. Although Subic and Zambales experienced an increased PGR in 2010, Central
Luzon and Philippines had a recorded PGR of 1.58% (a decline of 0.77 points from 2007 PGR) and
1.55 (a decline of 0.49 points from 2007 PGR), respectively.
Figure 108: Historical Population Growth, 1903-2020
Figure 109: Historical Population Growth Rates, 1903-2020
Population Doubling Time
Referring to the 2010-2015

population growth rate of Population Doubling Time refers to the length of time a particular
2.99%, and if it prevails over population would double its size under a given growth rate.
time, Subic population - CLUP Guidebook -
would double in 23.2 years
or in 2038.
Fertility and Mortality
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR)
For the past five (5) years, the highest Crude Birth Rate (CBR) was recorded in 2018 at 9 live births per
1,000 population, while the lowest CBR of 4 live births per 1,000 population was recorded in 2020.
Those years 2019, 2020, and 2022 recorded a decline in the CBR, year 2022 having the highest
101
decline equivalent to -1 live birth per 1,000 population, while 2020 recorded a slight increase of 0.07 live
birth per 1,000 population.
With respect to the total number of live births for the past five (5) years, year 2018 registered the
highest number of live births (1,005) while year 2022 had the lowest (830). To sum up, there was a
total decline of 175 in the number of births from 2018 to 2022, which represents around 17% of the
2018 total number of live births.
Table 45: Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR)
% Increase/
% Increase/
No. of Birth Decrease No. of Death
Year Population CBR CDR Decrease from
from
Previous Year
Previous Year
M F Total M F Total
2018 114,467 501 504 1005 8.78 218 142 360 3.15
2019 117,895 472 479 951 8.07 -0.71 196 157 353 2.99 -0.15
2020 121,425 504 484 988 8.14 0.07 241 163 404 3.33 0.33
2021 125,061 501 471 972 7.77 -0.36 272 175 447 3.57 0.25
2022 128,806 439 391 830 6.44 -1.33 183 153 336 2.61 -0.97
Notes:
1. Population are derived from the computed projected population based on the 2015 POPCEN
2. Number of live births and deaths are sourced from the records of Registered Live Births and Deaths provided by the
Local Civil Registry Office
Figure 110: Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) for the Past Five Years
Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR)
Looking at the fertility pattern of age groups of women for the past five years, the graph in Figure 111
showed that fertility peaked at the 25-29 years old group except in 2020 where fertility was at its highest
in the 20-24 years old group. Furthermore, fertility pattern of 20-24 years old group was constantly
higher than the 30-34 years old
group except in 2022 where
fertility of 30-34 years old group Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) is the average number of
was slightly higher than the 20-24 children that would be born alive to a woman (or group of women)
during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing
years old group. On the other years conforming to the age specific fertility rates of a given time
hand, lower levels of fertility were period
noticed in the remaining age - Philippine Statistics Authority -
groups, more particularly 40-45
102
years old group. In general,
fertility showed a continuous
decline at 35-39 and 40-44
years old groups.
Marriage patterns and marital

fertility are some factors that
could affect ASFR.
Postponement of marriage
could be another factor, as
shown by the declining fertility
of the 15-19 years old group.
Figure 111: Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFRs), 2018-2022
The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of

Subiqueño women aged 15-49 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of a woman would
years dropped from 1.08 have by the end of her childbearing years if she bore children at
children per woman in 2018 to the current age-specific fertility rates.
- Philippine Statistics Authority -
0.79 child in 2022, which are
both below the national TFR of
1.9 children per woman in 2022
(National Demographic and
Health Survey [NDHS], 2022, as Replacement Fertility Rate is the average number of a children
born per woman at which a population exactly replaces itself from
cited in House of one generation to the next, without migration
Representatives, 2023). Lower - United Nation -
national TFR means that the
country is below the replacement
fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman (NDHS, 2022).
Table 46: Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFRs), 2018-2022
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Age No. of No. of No. of
Female ASFR Female ASFR Female ASFR Female No. of ASFR Female No. of ASFR
Group Live Live Live
Population (%) Population (%) Population (%) Population Births (%) Population Births (%)
Births Births Births
15-19 5,370 107 19.93 5,531 88 15.91 5,696 78 13.69 5,867 91 15.51 6,043 79 13.07
20-24 5,323 265 49.78 5,482 261 47.61 5,646 279 49.41 5,816 264 45.40 5,990 212 35.39
25-29 5,053 290 57.39 5,204 268 51.50 5,360 264 49.25 5,521 278 50.36 5,686 234 41.15
30-34 4,275 201 47.02 4,403 179 40.65 4,535 219 48.29 4,671 187 40.04 4,811 173 35.96
35-39 3,650 95 26.03 3,760 99 26.33 3,872 101 26.08 3,988 118 29.59 4,107 94 22.89
40-44 2,956 33 11.16 3,045 30 9.85 3,136 41 13.07 3,230 27 8.36 3,327 27 8.12
45-49 2,736 4 1.46 2,818 5 1.77 2,902 1 0.34 2,989 4 1.34 3,078 4 1.30
TFR 1.06 0.97 1.00 0.95 0.79
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
From the 4.98 infant mortality rate (IMR) or 5

infant deaths per 1,000 population in 2018, it has
recorded a sudden increase at 10.52 in 2019.
The IMR dropped at 3.04 in 2020, which made it
slightly lower than the 2018 IMR and maintained
a gradually diminishing trend from 3 infant
deaths per 1,000 population in 2020 and 2021 to
only 1 infant death per 1,000 population in 2022.
Figure 112: Infant Mortality Rate, 2018-2022
The average number of children that would
be born alive to a woman (or group of
women) during her lifetime if she were to
103
Social-related Population Characteristics
Mother Tongue/Ethnicity
In 2015, 55% of the total number of households

speaks Tagalog, 21% speaks Zambal, 21% speaks
Ilocano, and the remaining 3% speaks other dialects
or languages at home.
Figure 113: Language Generally Spoken at Home, 2015
Table 47: Language Generally Spoken at Home

Total Number of Households
Language Generally Spoken at Home
2010 2015 2020
Tagalog 11,060 13,762 14,526
Zambal 4,262 5,303 5,598
Ilocano 4,217 5,247 5,538
Bisaya/Binisaya 196 244 258
Kapampangan 68 85 89
Cebuano 38 47 49
American/English 32 40 42
Sama/Samal 31 38 40
Pangasinan/Panggalato 28 35 37
Ambala 21 26 27
Maranao 19 23 24
Bikol/Bikol 14 17 18
Waray 13 17 18
Aeta/Ayta 11 13 14
Hiligaynon/Ilonggo 10 12 13
Tinananen 10 12 13
Other Foreign Languages 10 12 13
Badjao 8 10 11
Tausug 8 9 10
Sama Bangingi 6 7 8
Kankanaey 4 6 6
Ifugao 4 5 5
Ibanag 3 4 4
Adasen 2 3 3
Caviteño 2 2 2
Abelling/Abellen/Aberling/Aborlin 2 2 2
Davao-Chavacano 2 2 2
Davaweño 2 2 2
Ibaloi/Ibaloy 2 2 2
Surigaonon 2 2 2
Mag-anti/Mag-Antsi-Mag-anchi 1 1 1
Bajao/Bajau 1 1 1
104
Total Number of Households
Language Generally Spoken at Home
2010 2015 2020
Batangan 1 1 1
Belwang 1 1 1
Boholano 1 1 1
Bontok 1 1 1
Bukidnon 1 1 1
Cotabateño 1 1 1
Cotabateño-Chavacano 1 1 1
Dibaben 1 1 1
Gaddang 1 1 1
Isneg/Isnag/Apayao 1 1 1
Kalinga 1 1 1
Karay-a 1 1 1
Ke'ney or Ken-ey/Tau't-Bato 1 1 1
Masbateño/Masbatenon 1 1 1
Tagbanua 1 1 1
Talaandig 1 1 1
Tau-buid 1 1 1
Tuwali 1 1 1
Yogad 1 1 1
Zambageño-Chavacano 1 1 1
Total 20,103 25,014 26,403
Notes:
1. Computation is based on the 2010 percent share of each language derived from the 2010 PSA provincial data (2010 CPH
Report No. 2B, Table 13. Number of Households by Language Generally Spoken at Home by Province: 2010) retrieved at
https://psa.gov.ph/node/33217/33217?combine=2010+CPH+Report+No.+2B
2. Total number of households are based on the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) 2015 and 2020 Census of Population
Religious Affiliation
73.66% of the 2015 total

population are Roman
Catholic, 4.79% are
Aglipay, 4.42% belongs
to other religious
affiliations, and 4.36% are
Iglesia Ni Cristo. The
remaining 7% belongs to
other small religious
affiliations.
Figure 114: Religious Affiliation, 2015
Table 48: Religious Affiliation, 2015

% to Total
Religious Affiliation No. of People
Population
Roman Catholic, including Catholic Charismatic 82,287 78.540%
Aglipay 5,346 5.103%
Other Religious Affiliations 4,936 4.711%
Iglesia ni Cristo 4,872 4.650%
Evangelicals (Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches) 1,119 1.068%
Other Baptists 1,052 1.004%
105
% to Total
Religious Affiliation No. of People
Population
Islam 776 0.741%
Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints 769 0.734%
National Council of Churches in the Philippines 648 0.618%
Iglesia sa Dios Espiritu Santo , Incorporated 508 0.485%
Jehovah’s Witness 401 0.383%
Crusaders of the Divine Church of Christ , Incorporated 376 0.359%
Church of Christ 318 0.303%
Seventh Day Adventist 298 0.285%
Jesus is Lord Church 207 0.198%
Other Protestants 188 0.180%
Bible Baptist Church 162 0.155%
Association of Fundamental Baptist Churches in the Philippines 137 0.130%
Philippine Independent Catholic Church 112 0.106%
United Pentecostal Church (Philippines) , Incorporated 82 0.078%
None 36 0.034%
Tribal Religions 30 0.028%
Lutheran Church of the Philippines 26 0.025%
Victory Chapel Christian Fellowship 16 0.016%
Evangelical Christian Outreach Foundation 13 0.012%
Buddhist 10 0.009%
Good News Christian Churches 7 0.007%
Philippine Grace Gospel 7 0.006%
Way of Salvation Church , Incorporated 5 0.005%
Miracle Revival Church of the Philippines 5 0.005%
Association of Baptist Churches in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao 5 0.004%
Cathedral of Praise , Incorporated 4 0.004%
United Church of Christ in the Philippines 3 0.003%
Union Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas , Incorporated 2 0.002%
Missionary Baptist Churches of the Philippines 2 0.002%
International Baptist Missionary Fellowship 2 0.002%
International One Way Outreach 1 0.001%
UNIDA Evangelical Church 1 0.001%
Convention of the Philippine Baptist Church 1 0.001%
Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Cristo 1 0.001%
Philippine Ecumenical Christian Church 1 0.001%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority 2015 POPCEN, Table 8 retrieved at
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Zambales_Statistical%20Tables.xls
Literacy Rate
Out of the 2023 estimated household population

of 132,663, 97.15% or 128,888 individuals are
literate and 2.85% or 3,775 individuals are
illiterate. There are more illiterate males than
females, 1,981 (2.93%) and 1,794 (2.76%),
respectively.
Image source: https://psa.gov.ph/content/every-100-filipinos-

94-are-basic-literate-2019
106
Table 49: Literacy by Gender, 2023
Male Female Total
Indicator
No. Rate (%) No. Rate (%) No. Rate (%)
Literate 65,571 97.07 63,317 97.24 128,888 97.15
Illiterate 1,981 2.93 1,794 2.76 3,775 2.85
Total (Population >10yr) 67,552 100.00 65,111 100.00 132,663 100.00
Notes:
1. 2022 barangay population of >10 years old are based on the PSA Census 2015 using the gender participation rate per
age group
2. Estimates on the number of illiterate are based on the CBMS Census 2017-2018 proportion of Illiterate
Cawag, Calapacuan, and

Mangan-vaca have the
largest number of
illiterates while Asinan
Poblacion, Wawandue,
and Pamatawan have the
smallest. The details per
barangay is presented in
Table 50.
Figure 115: Number of

Illiterates by Barangay, 2023
Table 50: Illiterate by Gender by Barangay, 2023

>10 yrs. old Projected
Illiterate²
Population 2023¹
Barangay
M F Total
M F Total
Aningway Sacatihan 3,454 3,329 6,783 33 0.95 47 1.41 80 1.18
Asinan Poblacion 781 753 1,535 4 0.46 3 0.40 7 0.43
Asinan Proper 5,065 4,882 9,946 110 2.18 96 1.97 207 2.08
Baraca-Camachile (Pob.) 2,319 2,235 4,553 51 2.21 48 2.13 99 2.17
Batiawan 845 814 1,659 169 20.00 108 13.27 277 16.74
Calapacuan 9,225 8,891 18,116 332 3.60 298 3.35 630 3.48
Calapandayan (Pob.) 6,244 6,018 12,262 138 2.21 156 2.60 294 2.41
Cawag 10,288 9,916 20,204 568 5.52 495 4.99 1,063 5.28
Ilwas (Pob.) 2,080 2,005 4,085 34 1.64 44 2.17 78 1.91
Mangan-Vaca 7,451 7,182 14,634 177 2.37 154 2.15 331 2.26
Matain 5,335 5,143 10,478 146 2.74 131 2.54 277 2.64
Naugsol 1,743 1,680 3,424 89 5.11 75 4.47 164 4.81
Pamatawan 2,767 2,667 5,435 24 0.87 19 0.70 43 0.78
San Isidro 5,074 4,890 9,964 41 0.80 65 1.33 106 1.06
Santo Tomas 3,534 3,406 6,940 51 1.45 46 1.36 98 1.40
Wawandue (Pob.) 1,348 1,299 2,646 14 1.05 9 0.73 24 0.89
Total 67,552 65,111 132,663 1,981 2.93 1,794 2.76 3,775 2.85
Notes:
¹ 2023 barangay population of >10 years old are computed based on the PSA Census 2015
² Estimates on the number of illiterate are based on the CBMS Census 2017-2018 proportion of illiterate
107
Marital Status
Populations with single and married status comprised the largest proportion, 42.71% and 34.92%,
respectively. Meanwhile, populations with common-law or live in status consists of less than one-fifth of
the total population (16.63%) and the remaining 5.74% are shared by the populations with widowed,
divorced or separated, and unknown status.
Table 51: Population 10 Years Old and Over by Age Group, Gender and Marital Status, 2015
Marital Status and Gender
Divorced/ Common-Law/
Age Group Total Single Married Widowed Unknown
Separated Live-in
M F M F M F M F M F M F
Below 20 20,069 10,161 9,035 53 141 2 5 5 13 139 513 0 2
20 - 24 10,424 3,963 2,454 497 869 8 13 23 56 1,061 1,479 0 1
25 - 29 10,109 2,459 1,324 1,528 1,715 15 16 48 82 1,434 1,486 0 2
30 - 34 8,369 1,255 681 1,932 2,019 8 40 51 116 1,210 1,053 0 4
35 - 39 6,966 647 386 2,003 2,050 21 59 77 112 876 731 1 3
40 - 44 5,755 385 265 1,861 1,735 42 102 76 107 683 495 2 2
45 - 49 5,150 328 194 1,703 1,631 55 157 73 93 487 427 0 2
50 - 54 4,325 194 183 1,498 1,366 93 234 61 99 340 254 2 1
55 - 59 3,448 127 144 1,138 1,039 101 373 57 69 228 169 1 2
60 - 64 2,692 76 147 904 734 107 401 30 46 136 107 2 2
65 - 69 1,875 56 88 625 441 111 377 21 33 73 48 0 2
70 - 74 943 20 43 281 202 66 263 14 9 30 15 0 0
75 - 79 591 16 33 143 109 52 206 2 9 13 7 0 1
80 years and over 522 5 29 93 55 45 272 3 2 11 6 0 1
Total 81,238 19,692 15,006 14,259 14,106 726 2,518 541 846 6,721 6,790 8 25
Total &
Percentage by 34,698 42.71% 28,365 34.92% 3,244 3.99% 1,387 1.71% 13,511 16.63% 33 0.04%
Marital Status
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) 2015 Census of Population
Figure 116: Marital Status Distribution, 2015
108
Educational Attainment
More than one-fourth (26.90%) of the total population in 2015 are high school graduates, 10.29% are
elementary graduates, 8.13% are academic degree holders or college graduates, 3.62% are vocational
graduates. Only 0.10% of the total population finished post baccalaureate or post studies and 0.02%
special education.
Table 52: Total Population 7 Years Old and Over by Educational Attainment
Total Male Female
Highest Educational Attainment
No. % No. % No. %
No Grade Completed 2,709 2.92% 1,423 2.97% 1,286 2.87%
Pre-School 2,456 2.65% 1,263 2.64% 1,193 2.67%
Special Education 15 0.02% 7 0.01% 8 0.02%
Elementary 26,956 14,066 12,890
1st - 4th Grade 13,271 14.33% 7,187 15.01% 6,084 13.59%
5th - 6th Grade 4,492 4.85% 2,292 4.79% 2,200 4.92%
Graduate 9,193 9.92% 4,587 9.58% 4,606 10.29%
High School 40,852 21,803 19,049
Undergraduate 14,133 15.26% 7,121 14.87% 7,012 15.67%
Graduate 26,719 28.84% 14,682 30.66% 12,037 26.90%
Post-Secondary 3,310 1,623 1,687
Undergraduate 135 0.15% 67 0.14% 68 0.15%
Graduate 3,175 3.43% 1,556 3.25% 1,619 3.62%
College Undergraduate 9,632 10.40% 4,673 9.76% 4,959 11.08%
Academic Degree Holder 6,635 7.16% 2,998 6.26% 3,637 8.13%
Post Baccalaureate 76 0.08% 32 0.07% 44 0.10%
Total 92,641 100.00% 47,888 100.00% 44,753 100.00%
Figure 117: Highest Educational Attainment, 2015
109
Projected Population
Projected Population and Number of Households
Table 53: Projected Population and Number of Households

Subic population is expected to increase from Year Population Household
114,771 in 2015 to 183,526 in 2034, while the 2023 132,663 31,978
number of households would account to 33,166
2024 136,635 32,935
in 2023 to 43,882 in 2034.
2025 140,727 33,921
2026 144,941 34,937
2027 149,281 35,983
2028 153,751 37,061
2029 158,355 38,171
Notes:
2030 163,096 39,314
1. Projected population is computed using the
exponential population projection formula at 2.99 2031 167,980 40,491
Population Growth Rate (PGR) from 2010-2015. 2032 173,010 41,703
2. Projected number of households is computed based
on the 2015 average number of households per 2033 178,191 42,952
barangay. 2034 183,526 44,238
Projected Population by Barangay
The projected population by barangay is shown in Table 54.
Table 54: Projected Population by Barangay, 2023-2034

Base Year Projected Population
Barangay PR (%)
(2015) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
Aningway Sacatihan 5,357 5.11 6,783 6,986 7,195 7,411 7,633 7,861 8,097 8,339 8,589 8,846 9,111 9,384
Asinan Poblacion 1,212 1.16 1,535 1,581 1,628 1,677 1,727 1,779 1,832 1,887 1,943 2,001 2,061 2,123
Asinan Proper 7,855 7.50 9,946 10,244 10,551 10,867 11,192 11,527 11,872 12,228 12,594 12,971 13,359 13,760
Baraca-Camachile 3,596 3.43 4,553 4,690 4,830 4,975 5,124 5,277 5,435 5,598 5,765 5,938 6,116 6,299
Batiawan 1,310 1.25 1,659 1,708 1,760 1,812 1,867 1,922 1,980 2,039 2,100 2,163 2,228 2,295
Calapacuan 14,307 13.66 18,116 18,658 19,217 19,792 20,385 20,995 21,624 22,272 22,939 23,625 24,333 25,061
Calapandayan 9,684 9.24 12,262 12,629 13,007 13,397 13,798 14,211 14,637 15,075 15,526 15,991 16,470 16,963
Cawag 15,956 15.23 20,204 20,809 21,432 22,074 22,735 23,415 24,116 24,839 25,582 26,348 27,137 27,950
Ilwas 3,226 3.08 4,085 4,207 4,333 4,463 4,596 4,734 4,876 5,022 5,172 5,327 5,487 5,651
Mangan-Vaca 11,557 11.03 14,634 15,072 15,523 15,988 16,467 16,960 17,468 17,991 18,529 19,084 19,656 20,244
Matain 8,275 7.90 10,478 10,792 11,115 11,448 11,790 12,144 12,507 12,882 13,267 13,665 14,074 14,495
Naugsol 2,704 2.58 3,424 3,526 3,632 3,741 3,853 3,968 4,087 4,209 4,335 4,465 4,599 4,737
Pamatawan 4,292 4.10 5,435 5,597 5,765 5,938 6,115 6,298 6,487 6,681 6,881 7,087 7,300 7,518
San Isidro 7,869 7.51 9,964 10,262 10,570 10,886 11,212 11,548 11,893 12,250 12,616 12,994 13,383 13,784
Santo Tomas 5,481 5.23 6,940 7,148 7,362 7,582 7,809 8,043 8,284 8,532 8,788 9,051 9,322 9,601
Wawandue 2,090 1.99 2,646 2,726 2,807 2,891 2,978 3,067 3,159 3,253 3,351 3,451 3,555 3,661
Total 104,771 100.00 132,663 136,635 140,727 144,941 149,281 153,751 158,355 163,096 167,980 173,010 178,191 183,526
Referring to the 2015 average number household size of 4.15, Subic has an estimated number of
households ranging from 31,978 in 2023 to 44,238 in 2034.
110
Table 55: Projected Number of Households, 2023-2034
Average Projected Number of Households
Barangay HH Size
2015 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
Aningway Sacatihan 3.69 1,840 1,895 1,952 2,011 2,071 2,133 2,197 2,262 2,330 2,400 2,472 2,546
Asinan Poblacion 4.09 376 387 398 410 423 435 448 462 476 490 504 520
Asinan Proper 4.15 2,398 2,470 2,544 2,620 2,698 2,779 2,862 2,948 3,036 3,127 3,221 3,317
Baraca-Camachile 4.03 1,131 1,165 1,200 1,236 1,273 1,311 1,350 1,391 1,432 1,475 1,519 1,565
Batiawan 4.18 397 409 421 434 447 460 474 488 503 518 534 550
Calapacuan 4.33 4,180 4,305 4,434 4,567 4,703 4,844 4,989 5,139 5,293 5,451 5,614 5,782
Calapandayan 4.11 2,987 3,076 3,168 3,263 3,361 3,462 3,565 3,672 3,782 3,895 4,012 4,132
Cawag 4.14 4,884 5,031 5,181 5,336 5,496 5,661 5,830 6,005 6,185 6,370 6,561 6,757
Ilwas 4.04 1,010 1,041 1,072 1,104 1,137 1,171 1,206 1,242 1,279 1,318 1,357 1,398
Mangan-Vaca 4.15 3,523 3,628 3,737 3,849 3,964 4,083 4,205 4,331 4,461 4,594 4,732 4,873
Matain 4.44 2,358 2,428 2,501 2,576 2,653 2,733 2,814 2,899 2,985 3,075 3,167 3,262
Naugsol 4.35 787 810 835 860 885 912 939 967 996 1,026 1,057 1,088
Pamatawan 3.94 1,379 1,420 1,463 1,506 1,551 1,598 1,646 1,695 1,746 1,798 1,852 1,907
San Isidro 4.30 2,315 2,384 2,455 2,529 2,605 2,683 2,763 2,846 2,931 3,019 3,109 3,202
Santo Tomas 4.01 1,731 1,783 1,836 1,891 1,948 2,006 2,066 2,128 2,192 2,258 2,325 2,395
Wawandue 3.88 682 703 724 745 768 791 814 839 864 890 916 944
TOTAL 4.15 31,978 32,935 33,921 34,937 35,983 37,061 38,171 39,314 40,491 41,703 42,952 44,238
Projected Population Composition
The projected school age, working age, labor force, and dependent population for 2023-2034 are
likewise presented below.
Table 56: Projected School-age, Working Age, Labor Force, and Dependent Population
Base Projected Population
PR
Grouping Year
(%) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
(2015)
Population 104,771 132,663 136,635 140,727 144,941 149,281 153,751 158,355 163,096 167,980 173,010 178,191 183,526
School going population 46,593 44.47 58,997 60,764 62,583 64,457 66,387 68,375 70,423 72,531 74,703 76,940 79,244 81,617
Pre school (3-6) 9,413 8.98 11,919 12,276 12,644 13,022 13,412 13,814 14,227 14,653 15,092 15,544 16,010 16,489
Elementary (7-12) 12,864 12.28 16,289 16,776 17,279 17,796 18,329 18,878 19,443 20,025 20,625 21,243 21,879 22,534
Secondary (13-18) 16,055 15.32 20,329 20,938 21,565 22,211 22,876 23,561 24,266 24,993 25,741 26,512 27,306 28,124
Tertiary (19-22) 8,261 7.88 10,460 10,773 11,096 11,428 11,770 12,123 12,486 12,860 13,245 13,641 14,050 14,470
Working age (15-64) 67,270 64.21 85,178 87,729 90,356 93,062 95,848 98,718 101,674 104,719 107,854 111,084 114,410 117,836
Labor Force (15 and over) 71,201 67.96 90,156 92,856 95,636 98,500 101,449 104,487 107,616 110,838 114,157 117,575 121,096 124,722
Dependent population 37,501 35.79 47,484 48,906 50,371 51,879 53,432 55,032 56,680 58,378 60,126 61,926 63,780 65,690
Young (0-14) 33,570 32.04 42,507 43,780 45,091 46,441 47,831 49,264 50,739 52,258 53,823 55,435 57,095 58,804
Old (65-over) 3,931 3.75 4,978 5,127 5,280 5,438 5,601 5,769 5,941 6,119 6,303 6,491 6,686 6,886
111
Economy-related population characteristics
Labor Force
Labor Force Population
The 2015 labor force population of Subic was 71,201, a

17.61% proportion of the 404,322 labor force population of
Zambales.
Employment statistics available as of this writing are

national and regional data only. Hence, the PSA 2015
Central Luzon Annual Labor Force Survey and the CBMS
2017-2018 served as the bases in computing the Subic
employment data.
Out of the 71,201 labor force population, 93.70% (66,715)

were employed while 6.3% (4,486) were unemployed. On
the other hand, nearly one-fifth of the total labor force
population were registered as underemployed.
Figure 118: Zambales labor force, 2015
Table 57: Population 15 Years Old and Over by Gender and Employment Status, 2015
Population 15
Gender Employed Rate Unemployed Rate Underemployed Rate
yrs. old and over
Male 36,704.00 35,060 95.52% 1,644 4.48% 0
Female 34,497.00 32,248 93.48% 2,249 6.52% 0
Total 71,201.00 66,715 93.70% 4,486 6.30% 12,209 18.30%
Notes:
1. Population is based on the 2015 POPCEN
2. Total percentages of employed, unemployed, and underemployed are based on the 2015 Central Luzon Annual Labor
Force Survey
3. Participation rate by gender is based on the CBMS 2017-2018
Gainful Workers
Gainfully employed in 2015 was composed of 38,067 individuals, males had a population of 27,429
(72.05%) and the remaining 27.95% were females (10,638). This converts to 7 males and 3 females
for every 10 gainful workers.
Among the major occupation groups, the craft and related trades workers comprised the largest
population, making up 28.33% of the total gainful workers or 10,783 individuals. It was followed by the
service and sales workers (17.94% or 6,829 individuals), and
the plant and machine operators and assemblers with a rate of
Crafts and related trades 12.66% or 4,820 individuals. In contrast, the major occupation
workers had the largest groups with the lowest population are armed forces
share; armed forces
occupations (0.14% or 54 individuals), technicians and
occupations had the lowest
associate professionals (4.11% or 1,564 individuals), and
professionals (4.60% or 1,750 individuals).
112
Table 58: Gainful Workers 15 Years Old and Over by Occupation Group, 2015
Total Male Female
Major Occupation Group
No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate
Managers 2,526 6.64% 1,018 3.71% 1,508 14.18%
Professionals 1,750 4.60% 750 2.73% 1,000 9.40%
Technicians and Associate Professionals 1,564 4.11% 956 3.49% 608 5.72%
Clerical Support Workers 1,838 4.83% 862 3.14% 976 9.17%
Service and Sales Workers 6,829 17.94% 3,232 11.78% 3,597 33.81%
Skilled Agricultural Forestry and Fishery Workers 3,387 8.90% 3,195 11.65% 192 1.80%
Craft and Related Trades Workers 10,783 28.33% 10,255 37.39% 528 4.96%
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 4,820 12.66% 4,012 14.63% 808 7.60%
Elementary Occupations 4,503 11.83% 3,092 11.27% 1,411 13.26%
Armed Forces Occupations 54 0.14% 53 0.19% 1 0.01%
Not Reported 13 0.03% 4 0.01% 9 0.08%
Total 38,067 100.00% 27,429 100.00% 10,638 100.00%
% Male 72.05%
% Female 27.95%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority 2015 POPCEN
Generally, male population are highest among the craft and

Highest: related trades workers, which represents 37.39% of the total
4 in 10 male gainful workers male gainful workers. Similarly, female population with the
are craft and related trades largest population are those that belong to the service and
workers; sales workers, accounting for 33.81% of the total female
3 in 10 female gainful workers gainful workers. This means that 4 out of 10 male gainful
are service and sales workers workers were craft and related trades workers, while 3 in 10
females were service and sales workers.
Figure 119: Gainful

Workers 15 Years Old
& Over by Occupation
Group, 2015
113
Figure 120: Gainful Workers by Occupation Group, 2015
Gainful Workers by Major Kind of Business or Industry

Gainful workers in manufacturing industry comprised the largest share from the total gainful workers
based on the 2010 latest available data.
Figure 121: Gainful Workers by Industry, 2010
114
Table 59: Gainful Workers 15 Years Old and Over by Major Kind of Business or Industry by Gender, 2010 and 2015
2015 2010
Major Kind of Business or Industry
Total M F Total % M % F %
Agriculture Forestry and Fishing 5,329 5,064 265 3,461 14.00% 3,289 95.03% 172 4.97%
Mining or Quarrying 31 23 8 20 0.08% 15 75.00% 5 25.00%
Manufacturing 8,070 7,129 941 5,241 21.20% 4,630 88.34% 611 11.66%
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 188 188 0 122 0.49% 122 100.00% 0 0.00%
Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and
92 92 0 60 0.24% 60 100.00% 0 0.00%
Remediation Activities
Construction 5,170 5,078 92 3,358 13.58% 3,298 98.21% 60 1.79%
Wholesale and Retail Trade; and Repair of Motor
6,528 3,055 3,474 4,240 17.15% 1,984 46.79% 2,256 53.21%
Vehicles and Motorcycles
Transportation and Storage 4,702 4,625 77 3,054 12.35% 3,004 98.36% 50 1.64%
Accommodation Food Service Activities 1,611 816 795 1,046 4.23% 530 50.67% 516 49.33%
Information and Communication 139 77 62 90 0.36% 50 55.56% 40 44.44%
Other Occupation Not Elsewhere Classified 291 112 179 189 0.76% 73 38.62% 116 61.38%
Real Estate Activities 15 8 8 10 0.04% 5 50.00% 5 50.00%
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities 205 149 55 133 0.54% 97 72.93% 36 27.07%
Administrative and Support Service Activities 813 585 228 528 2.14% 380 71.97% 148 28.03%
Public Administrative and Defense; Compulsory Social
1,127 727 400 732 2.96% 472 64.48% 260 35.52%
Security
Education 898 246 651 583 2.36% 160 27.44% 423 72.56%
Human Health and Social Work Activities 630 188 442 409 1.65% 122 29.83% 287 70.17%
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 174 95 79 113 0.46% 62 54.87% 51 45.13%
Other Service Activities 1,557 747 810 1,011 4.09% 485 47.97% 526 52.03%
Activities of Households as Employers and
Undifferentiated Goods and Services and Producing 482 222 260 313 1.27% 144 46.01% 169 53.99%
Activities of Households for Own Use
Activities of Extraterritorial Organizations and Bodies 0 0 0 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
Not Reported 15 8 8 10 0.04% 5 50.00% 5 50.00%

Total 38,067 27,429 10,638 24,723 100.00% 18,987 5,736
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority 2010 Census of Population retrieved at
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/article/s0371%20Zambales.xlsx
Notes:
Notes:
1. Some
1. PSAfigures in 2010 were adjusted (as shown in green fonts) to come up with the total number of gainful workers by
Table in
major kind of business or industry by gender
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/article/s0371%20Zambales.xlsx states
2. The total number of gainful workers by
that figures are based on 20-percent majorhouseholds.
sample kind of business
Detailsormay
industry in 2015
not add up toistotal
computed
due based on the participation
rate in 2010
to rounding off.
3. The total figures
2. Some numberinof2010
gainful workers
were by (as
adjusted gender in 2015
shown is computed
in green baseduponwith
fonts) to come the the
percentages
total of male and female derived
from the PSA Table of the total number of gainful workers by major
number of gainful workers by major kind of business or industry by gender occupation group
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Zambales_Statistical%20Tables.xls
3. The total number of gainful workers by major kind of business or industry in 2015 is
computed based on the percentages in 2010
From thetotal
4. The regional
numberdata in 2015-2019,
of gainful 2019inregistered
workers by gender the highest
2015 is computed based onemployment
the rate of Central Luzon
(94.9%), while 2018 municipal data (95%) remained as the highest. However, 2021 provincial data
percentages of male and female derived from the PSA Table of the total number of gainful
workers by major occupation group
recorded as the lowest employment rate (88.6%) and highest unemployment rate (11.4%) for the past
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Zambales_Statistical%2
7-year period. On the other hand, the highest underemployment rate was recorded in 2015 (18.5%)
0Tables.xls
while the lowest was in 2021 (8.2%) (Table 60 and Figure 122).
115
Table 60: Employment Status, 2015-2021
Rate
Year Level Data Source
Employment Unemployment Underemployment
2015 Regional 93.7 6.3 18.5 PSA Labor Force Survey
Regional 94.7 5.3 16.4 PSA Labor Force Survey
2018
Municipal 95.0 5.0 - CBMS 2017-2018
2020 National 86.5 10.3 16.2 PSA Labor Force Survey
National 91.5 8.5 16.1 PSA Labor Force Survey
2021 PSA Zambales Annual Labor
Provincial 88.6 11.4 8.2
Market Statistics
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Labor Force Survey 2015-2021 (Preliminary and/or Final Results)
Figure 122: Unemployment and Underemployment Rate, 2015-2021
Family Income and Expenditure
The 2021 average family income of Zambales was recorded at Php252,060 per annum, which is lower
by 15.2% from the 2018 average family income of Php297,320 (PSA, 2022). On the other hand, the
provincial average family expenditure was estimated at Php224,440, which is 17.3% lower than the
2018 average family expenditure of Php271,360 (PSA, 2022). Average family income and expenditure
for the previous surveys were also presented in Table 61 and Figure 123. Comparatively, the 2018
average annual family income in Central Luzon was estimated at Php334,000, which is Php37,000
higher than Zambales average annual family income of Php297,320. On the other hand, the 2018
average annual family expenditure was placed at Php270,000 and Php271,360 in Central Luzon and
Zambales, respectively.
Table 61: Family Income and Expenditure, 2012, 2015, 2018, & 2021
Central Luzon Zambales
Year Data Source
Income Expenditure Income Expenditure
2012 259,000 211,000 Regional
2015 299,000 239,000 Regional
2018 334,000 270,000 297,320 271,360 Provincial
2021 - - 252,060 224,440 Provincial
Sources:
1. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Special Release on Preliminary Results of the 2021 Annual Family Income and
Expenditures Survey (FIES) in Zambales (provincial data)
2. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) 2021 Regional Social and Economic Trends, Region III Central Luzon
Sources:
1. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Special Release on Preliminary
Results of the 2021 Annual Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES)
116
Figure 123: Average Annual Family Income and Expenditure of Zambales, 2018 and 2021
Source: [image] Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Special Release on Preliminary Results of the 2021 Annual Family
Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) in Zambales
It has also been noted that

those families in Central
Luzon who are living within
the average income brackets
of under Php40,000 to
Php99,999 (Php3,333-
Php8,333 per month or
Php111-Php278 per day)
have an expenditure slightly
higher than their income. On
the contrary, those families
earning Php100,000 and
over per annum enjoys a
surplus in their income
(Figure 124).
Figure 124: Total Number of Families, Average Annual Family Income
and Expenditure by Income Class, Region III, 2018
Source: [image] Philippine Statistics Authority 2021 Regional Social and
Economic Trends, Region III Central Luzon, p. 145
In 2018, 42.7% of the total family expenditure was spent on food (Figure 125). The income bracket
Under 40,000 has the highest expenditure on food at 61.1% of their total expenditure (Table 62).
117
Table 62: Total Family Expenditure by Expenditure Group, Central Luzon, 2018
Similarly,
expenditure on
house rentals
constitute 10.6%
of the total family
expenditure
wherein those
families that
belong to the
income brackets
Under 40,000,
40,000-59,999,
and 60,000-
99,000 have the
largest
expenditures
ranging from
13.1% to 15.7%.
Source: Philippine
Statistics Authority
(PSA) 2021 Regional
Social and Economic
Trends, Region III
Central Luzon
Figure 125: Total Family Expenditure by

Expenditure Group and by Income Class,
Central Luzon, 2018
Source: [image] Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA) 2021 Regional Social and
Economic Trends, Region III Central Luzon,
p. 162
118
119
Chapter 4
Social Sector
This chapter presents the current situation of the education, health and sanitation, housing, social
welfare, recreation, and peace and order sub-sectors, as well as the current and projected need of each
sub-sectors.
Education
Educational Facilities
Out of the 33 public schools in Subic, 17 are elementary schools, 8 are secondary schools and 8 are
integrated schools, which are situated in 14 barangays.
Table 63: Public School Facilities, 2023

Lot Area Used as
Facilities and Condition Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
School Level Barangay Evacuation
sq.m. ha. La S Li CR P Others Center (Y/N) Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su Others
Public
Agusuhin Elementary School E Cawag
Agusuhin Elementary School-Annex E Cawag
Agusuhin High School JHS Cawag
Aningway High School JHS Aningway Sacatihan N N N P N N N L M M L M L M M
Aningway Sacatihan Elementary School E Aningway Sacatihan
Aningway Sacatihan Elementary School-Annex E Aningway Sacatihan
Batiawan Integrated School E,JHS, SHS Batiawan 2.5 G N G P N N N L H H L M L L H
Batiawan Integrated School-Annex E,JHS Batiawan P P P P P P N L H H L M L L H
Cabitaugan Integrated School E, JHS Cawag
Calapacuan Elementary School E Calapacuan
Calapandayan Integrated School E, JHS, SHS Calapandayan
Cawag Elementary School E Cawag
Cawag Resettlement Elementary School E Cawag
Cawag Resettlement High School JHS, SHS Cawag
Ilwas High School E, JHS, SHS Ilwas
JFK SPED Center E Ilwas
Kinabuksan Integrated School E, JHS, SHS Cawag
llwas Elementary School E Ilwas 10,375 G N C G G G N H H H M L L L H
Mangan-vaca Elementary School E Mangan-vaca
Manggahan Elementary School E Mangan-vaca N N N N G N N M M M L L L L L
Mapanao Elementary School E Asinan Proper N N N P N N N N M H L L L L H
Matain Elementary School E Matain
Nagyantok Elementary School E Cawag
Nagyantok High School JHS, SHS Cawag N N P C C C N M M M L M M
Naugsol Integrated School E, JHS, SHS Naugsol
Pamatawan Integrated School E, JHS Pamatawan
San Isidro Elementary School E San Isidro
San Isidro High School JHS, SHS San Isidro
Sto. Tomas Elementary School E Sto. Tomas
Sto. Tomas High School JHS Sto. Tomas
Subic Central School E Baraca-Camachile
Subic National High School JHS, SHS Mangan-vaca
Tibag Elementary School E Naugsol
Source: DepEd-Subic
Legend:
1. Level: E-Elementary; JHS-Junior High School; SHS-Senior High School
2. Facilities: La-Lab; S-Shop; Li-Library; Cl-Clinic; CR-Comfort Room; P-Playground; O-Others
3. Condition: G-Good (well maintained); P-Poor (needs improvement); C-Critical (needs priority action); N-None
4. Types of Hazards: Fl-Flood; Tc-Tropical Cyclone; Eq-Earthquake; Vo-Volcano; Ln-Landslide;Ts-Tsunami; Su-Storm
Surge; Others-coastal erosion, sea level rise, land subsidence, liquefaction, strong wind, change in temperature, change
in rainfall
120
On the other hand, there are 14 private schools located in 10 barangays – 5 are elementary schools
and 9 are secondary schools. 7 out of 9 secondary schools have senior high school.
Table 64: Private School Facilities, 2023

Lot Area Used as
Facilities and Condition Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
School Level Barangay Evacuation
sq.m. ha. La S Li CR P Others Center (Y/N) Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su Others
Private
Astorian Hill School E Mangan-vaca N
College of Subic Montessori, Inc. JHS, SHS Wawandue N
Kingsway Kiddie School E Calapacuan N
Pag-asa New Light Christian School JHS Pamatawan N
Philippine Outreach School (POS) JHS Calapandayan N
Saint Therese Academy of Subic, Inc. E Asinan Poblacion N
Smart Achievers Academy Subic, Inc. JHS, SHS Calapacuan N
St. Anne School of Subic JHS, SHS Mangan-vaca N
St. Anthony School of Matain, Inc. JHS, SHS Matain N
St. Francis Learning Centter JHS, SHS Mangan-vaca N
St. Francis Learning Centter-Annex JHS, SHS Naugsol N
St. James School, Inc. JHS, SHS Ilwas N
St. Monica Educational for Excellence E Sto. Tomas N
Subic Ecumenical Learning Center E Calapandayan N
Source: DepEd-Subic
Legend:
1. Level: E-Elementary; JHS-Junior High School; SHS-Senior High School
2. Facilities: La-Lab; S-Shop; Li-Library; Cl-Clinic; CR-Comfort Room; P-Playground; O-Others
3. Condition: G-Good (well maintained); P-Poor (needs improvement); C-Critical (needs priority action); N-None
4. Types of Hazards: Fl-Flood; Tc-Tropical Cyclone; Eq-Earthquake; Vo-Volcano; Ln-Landslide;Ts-Tsunami; Su-Storm
Surge; Others-coastal erosion, sea level rise, land subsidence, liquefaction, strong wind, change in temperature, change
in rainfall
Trends on Enrollment, Graduation, and Dropouts
Enrollment
The total enrollment in public and private elementary schools for the past five school years generally
showed an increasing trend with a slight decline in the number of enrolees in SY 2020-2021. Likewise,
an increasing movement was also observed in the total enrollment in public and private high schools for
the past five school years. (Figure 126)
Table 65: Historical Enrollment by Level for the Past Five School Years
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Increase/ Increase/ Increase/ Increase/
Level
M F Total M F Total Decrease M F Total Decrease M F Total Decrease M F Total Decrease
(%) (%) (%) (%)
Public
Elementary 7,950 7,291 15,241 8,210 7,528 15,738 3.16% 8,017 7,352 15,369 -2.40% 8,142 7,466 15,608 1.53% 8,490 7,786 16,276 4.10%
Secondary 4,633 4,341 8,974 4,826 4,522 9,348 4.00% 5,376 5,038 10,414 10.24% 5,705 5,346 11,051 5.76% 5,860 5,491 11,351 2.64%
Sub-total 12,583 11,632 24,215 13,035 12,051 25,086 3.47% 13,393 12,390 25,783 2.70% 13,847 12,812 26,659 3.29% 14,350 13,277 27,627 3.50%
Private
Elementary 52 48 100 44 40 84 -19.05% 22 20 42 -100.00% 8 8 16 -162.50% 9 8 17 5.88%
Secondary 226 211 437 212 198 410 -6.59% 196 183 379 -8.18% 162 151 313 -21.09% 166 155 321 2.49%
Sub-total 172 161 437 0 0 410 -6.59% 0 0 379 -8.18% 0 0 313 -21.09% 0 0 321 2.49%
Total
8,003 7,338 15,341 8,253 7,569 15,822 3.04% 8,039 7,372 15,411 -2.67% 8,150 7,474 15,624 1.36% 8,499 7,794 16,293 4.11%
Elementary
Total
4,858 4,553 9,411 5,037 4,721 9,758 3.56% 5,572 5,221 10,793 9.59% 5,866 5,498 11,364 5.02% 6,025 5,647 11,672 2.64%
Secondary
Sources:
1. Data on public schools enrollment are from DepEd-Subic
2. Data on private school enrollment are from St. Anthony School of Matain, Inc.
Note: Computation of enrollment by gender is based on the percentage of the male-female populations as reflected in
Table 37
121
Figure 126: Total Enrollment (2018-2023)
The above trend was highly contributed by the public schools data as depicted in Figure 127.
Figure 127: Enrollment in Public Schools (2018-2023)
In contrast, enrollment in private schools recorded a diminishing trend in both elementary and
secondary enrollments (except secondary enrollment in SY 2022-2023, which includes data of all
private high schools) (Figure 128). However, secondary school data in the first four (4) school years
were not conclusive as it only represents data from St. Anthony School of Matain, Inc.
122
Figure 128: Enrollment in Private Schools (2018-2023)
Education Performance Indicators
Education performance indicators are important parameters in evaluating the educational performance
in different levels of the education system to monitor the effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of
education services, to identify issues and concerns in attaining the education standards (DepEd-PS-
EMISD, 2022). In accordance with the Basic Education Development Plan (BEDP) 2030 of the
Department of Education, a guideline in computing education performance indicators has been
developed, which are categorized as Access Indicators, Efficiency Indicators, and Ratio and Proportion.
However, due to unavailability of the required data, only basic indicators (enrollment rate, graduation
rate and dropout rate) are presented using the projected school age population below.
Table 66: Projected School Age Population, 2018-2034

Official Projected School Age Population
2015
Level School
Population
Age 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Kindergarten 5 2,281 2,492 2,566 2,643 2,722 2,804 2,888 2,974 3,063
Elementary (Grades 1-6) 6-11 13,137 14,353 14,783 15,225 15,681 16,151 16,635 17,133 17,646
Kindergarten to Grade 6 5-11 15,418 16,845 17,349 17,869 18,404 18,955 19,522 20,107 20,709
Junior High School (Grades 7-10) 12-15 8,029 8,772 9,034 9,305 9,583 9,870 10,166 10,470 10,784
Senior High School (Grades 11-12) 16-17 4,013 4,384 4,515 4,651 4,790 4,933 5,081 5,233 5,390
Junior HS to Senior HS (Grades 7-12) 12-17 12,041 13,156 13,550 13,955 14,373 14,804 15,247 15,704 16,174
Kindergarten to Grade 12 5-17 27,459 30,000 30,899 31,824 32,777 33,758 34,769 35,810 36,883
Official Projected School Age Population
2015
Level School
Population
Age 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
Kindergarten 5 2,281 3,155 3,249 3,347 3,447 3,550 3,657 3,766 3,879 3,995
Elementary (Grades 1-6) 6-11 13,137 18,174 18,718 19,279 19,856 20,451 21,063 21,694 22,343 23,012
Kindergarten to Grade 6 5-11 15,418 21,329 21,968 22,626 23,303 24,001 24,719 25,460 26,222 27,007
Junior High School (Grades 7-10) 12-15 8,029 11,107 11,439 11,782 12,135 12,498 12,872 13,258 13,655 14,064
Senior High School (Grades 11-12) 16-17 4,013 5,551 5,718 5,889 6,065 6,247 6,434 6,626 6,825 7,029
Junior HS to Senior HS (Grades 7-12) 12-17 12,041 16,658 17,157 17,671 18,200 18,745 19,306 19,884 20,480 21,093
Kindergarten to Grade 12 5-17 27,459 37,987 39,125 40,296 41,503 42,746 44,026 45,344 46,702 48,100
Notes:
1. Level and official school age are sourced from the Guide in Computing Education Performance Indicators, 2022, p.2
2. 2015 Population is based on the Philippine Statistics Authority 2015 Census of Population
3. Projected School Age Population for 2018-2022 are computed based on the PSA 2015 Census of Population
123
Net Enrollment Rate in Secondary Schools
Subic has an increasing net enrollment rate in public
secondary schools for the
Net Enrollment Rate (NER) is defined
past five (5) school years as the percentage of enrollment in a
from 68.21% in 2018-2019 National Target (2022-2026) particular level of education of the
91.13%
to 76.68% in 2022-2023. National Target (2026-2030)
official school-age group, which
provides a more precise measurement
This suggests that out of 98%
of the extent of participation
BEDP 2022-2030
100 children aged 12-17 - DepEd PS-EMISD -
years old, around 68-77 are
enrolled in secondary schools (Table 67).
Graduation Rate in
Secondary Schools
Similarly, the graduation rate National Target (2022-2026) Graduation Rate assesses the extent
showed an increasing trend 86% of learners who finished Grades 6 and
National Target (2026-2030) 12.
although the figures are 90% - DepEd PS-EMISD -
considered as very low BEDP 2022-2030
(13.32%-16.54%) (Table 68)
Dropout Rate in Secondary Schools

In Table 69, dropout rates
were computed with Dropout Rate is the percentage of
negative figures for the past National Target (2022-2026) learners who do not finish a particular
JHS: 0.63%, SHS: 0% grade level as well as those who finish
four (4) school years National Target (2026-2030) but fail to enroll n the next grade level
although there were records JHS & SHS: 0%
the following school year
BEDP 2022-2030
of dropout students. The - DepEd PS-EMISD -
result could be attributed to
the absence of data on repeaters.
Table 67: Number of Enrolled in Public Secondary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023

Enrolled
School Barangay
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Agusuhin HS Cawag 198 216 222 240 241
Aningway-Sacatihan HS Aningway-Sacatihan 47 56 75 65 60
Batiawan 1 IS Batiawan 80 63 72 65 65
Batiawan ES Annex Batiawan 50 48 61 57 58
Cabitaugan IS Cawag 75 73 75 74 78
Calapandayan IS Calapandayan 417 561 642 675 676
Cawag Resettlement HS Cawag 209 201 203 222 216
Ilwas HS Ilwas 770 819 935 969 1,070
Kinabuksan IS Cawag 198 78 116 136 113
JFK SPED Center Wawandue 142 156 180 189 194
Nagyantok HS Cawag 347 422 464 465 452
Naugsol IS Naugsol 237 303 297 336 348
Pamatawan IS Pamatawan 165 177 239 280 291
San Isidro HS San Isidro 736 742 792 808 763
Sto. Tomas HS Sto. Tomas 473 470 476 488 518
Subic National HS Mangan-vaca 4,830 4,963 5,565 5,982 6,208
Total 8,974 9,348 10,414 11,051 11,351
Population 12-17 years old 13,156 13,550 13,955 14,373 14,804
Net Enrollment Rate (%) 68.21 68.99 74.62 76.89 76.68
Notes: Notes:
1. Number of enrolled are provided by DepEd-Subic 1. Formulas are bas
Promotion/Graduat
124
2. Population 12-17 years old is based on Table 66
3. Formula for Net Enrollment Rate is based on DepEd Guide in Computing Education Performance Indicators 2022, p.5
Table 68: Number of Graduates in Secondary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023
Graduated
School Barangay
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Agusuhin HS Cawag 8 14 3 23 19
Cawag Resettlement HS Cawag 72 61 60 75
Ilwas HS Ilwas 183 184 201 208 234
San Isidro HS San Isidro 86 81 91 84
Subic National HS Mangan-vaca 507 554 663 814 1,049
Total 1,195 1,348 1,557 1,828 1,920
Graduation Rate (%) 13.32 14.42 14.95 16.54
Notes:
1. Number of graduated are provided by DepEd-Subic
2. Formula for Promotion/Graduation Rate is based on DepEd Guide in Computing Education Performance Indicators 2022,
p.11
Table 69: Number of Dropouts in Secondary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023

Dropped Out
School Barangay
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Agusuhin HS Cawag 14 15 21 12
Cawag Resettlement HS Cawag 7 6 6 7 2
Ilwas HS Ilwas 15 6 9 22 34
San Isidro HS San Isidro 22 20 54 15
Subic National HS Mangan-vaca 286 305 0 195
Total 427 450 163 320 149
School Leaver/Dropout Rate (%) -4.17 -11.40 -6.12 -2.71
Notes:
1. Number of dropouts are provided by DepEd-Subic
125
2. Formula for School Leaver/Dropout Rate is based on DepEd Guide in Computing
Education Performance Indicators 2022, p.12 National Target (2022-2026)
94.66%
National Target (2026-2030)
Net Enrollment Rate in Elementary Schools 99%
The computed elementary school enrollment rates for the past five (5) BEDP 2022-2030
school years were 99.53% to 106.46%. It denotes that there is a high

degree of participation in the level of education of children aged 6-11 years old.
Table 70: Number of Enrolled in Elementary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023
Enrolled
School Barangay
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Agusuhin ES Cawag 113 128 138 157 160
Agusuhin ES Annex Cawag 275 386 398 385 407
Aningway ES Aningway-Sacatihan 489 503 504 528 512
Aningway ES Annex Aningway-Sacatihan 101 83 84 101 108
Cabitaugan ES Cawag 169 180 167 171 170
Calapacuan ES Calapacuan 1,496 1,526 1,420 1,389 1,570
Calapandayan ES Calapandayan 1,123 1,180 1,271 1,278 1,236
Cawag Resettlement ES Cawag 225 262 260 252 254
Cawag ES Cawag 139 145 155 137 130
Ilwas ES Ilwas 882 899 874 913 993
Kinabuksan ES Cawag 318 159 174 197 195
JFK SPED Wawandue 330 342 352 372 374
Manggahan ES Mangan-Vaca 291 335 326 359 355
Mangan-Vaca ES Mangan-Vaca 981 1,072 998 1,066 1,105
Mapanao ES Asinan Proper 616 619 642 684 679
Matain ES Matain 1,673 1,854 1,680 1,672 1,784
Nagyantok ES Cawag 711 720 764 810 798
Naugsol ES Naugsol 371 374 426 431 475
Pamatawan ES Pamatawan 519 519 539 545 612
San Isidro ES San Isidro 1,097 1,121 1,104 1,155 1,166
Sto.Tomas ES Sto. Tomas 826 852 786 834 860
Subic Central School Baraca 2,212 2,188 1,996 1,848 2,020
Tibag ES Naugsol 30 25 36 36 37
Total Total 15,241 15,738 15,369 15,608 16,276
Population 6-11 years old 14,353 14,783 15,225 15,681 16,151
Net Enrollment Rate (%) 106.19 106.46 100.94 99.53 100.77
Notes:
1. Number of enrolled are provided by DepEd-Subic
2. Population 6-11 years old is based on Table 66
3. Formula for Net Enrollment Rate is based on DepEd Guide in Computing Education Performance Indicators 2022, p.5
126
95%
Graduation Rate in Elementary Schools National Target (2026-2030)
The graduation rates, on the other hand, was placed at around 14% for 97%
BEDP 2022-2030
the past four (4) school years, which is very low compare to the ideal
target of 100%.
Table 71: Number of Graduates in Elementary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023
Graduated
School Barangay
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Agusuhin ES Cawag 14 20 18 26 22
Calapacuan ES Calapacuan 235 213 199 172 152
Calapandayan ES Calapandayan 175 176 159 187 147
Cawag Resettlement ES Cawag 41 32 29 34 31
Cawag ES Cawag 18 17 23 22 16
Ilwas ES Ilwas 129 138 129 139 114
Mangan-Vaca ES Mangan-Vaca 137 150 151 145 123
Matain ES Matain 232 270 223 221 225
San Isidro ES San Isidro 139 159 148 147 108
Subic Central School Baraca 337 340 341 342 243
Total 2,154 2,274 2,122 2,212 1,808
Graduation Rate (%) 14.13 14.45 13.81 14.17
Notes:
1. Number of graduated are provided by DepEd-Subic
2. Formula for Promotion/Graduation Rate is based on DepEd Guide in Computing Education Performance Indicators 2022,
p.11
127
Dropout Rate in Elementary Schools
Table 72 showed negative figures of dropout rates for the past school 0%
years although there were records of students who dropped out from National Target (2026-2030)
0%
school. The result could also be attributed to the absence of data on BEDP 2022-2030
repeaters. On the other hand, there was a recorded 2.34% dropout rate
SY 2020-2021.
Table 72: Number of Dropouts in Elementary Schools, SY2018-2019 to SY2022-2023
Dropped Out
School Barangay
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Agusuhin ES Cawag 0 0 0 3
Calapacuan ES Calapacuan 69 102 116 159 62
Calapandayan ES Calapandayan 25 31 9 26 9
Cawag Resettlement ES Cawag 7 9 2 5
Cawag ES Cawag 1 5 3 5 2
Ilwas ES Ilwas 5 13 23 11 26
Mangan-Vaca ES Mangan-Vaca 6 16 22 19 34
Matain ES Matain 81 110 125 96 79
San Isidro ES San Isidro 42 61 51 114 60
Subic Central School Baraca-Camachile 0 0
Total 379 493 479 571 399
Dropout Rate (%) -3.26 2.34 -1.56 -4.28
Notes:
1. Number of dropouts are provided by DepEd-Subic
2. Formula for School Leaver/Dropout Rate is based on DepEd Guide in Computing Education Performance Indicators
2022, p.12
Student-Teacher and Student-Classroom Ratio
For the past five (5) school years, there are around 38-41 students for every teaching personnel (Table
74), which are within the standard average ratio of 50 students for every teaching personnel (Table 73).
On the other hand, secondary level was computed at a ratio of around 43-54 students for every
128
teaching personnel, which are within and slightly above the standard average ratio of 50 students for
every teaching personnel.
Table 73: Standards on Student-Teacher and Student-Classroom Ratio
Standards
Level
Student-Teacher Ratio Student-Classroom Ratio
Elementary 45
15-65 (average of 50)
Secondary 45
Pre-school 25
Special Education (SPED) classes/centers 15
Alternative Learning System (ALS) classes/centers 1 per district
Technical-Vocational Schools 20
Notes:
1. Student-teacher ratios are sourced from DepEd Order No. 77, s. 2010; student-teacher ratios for SPED classes per
exceptionality
Notes: were detailed in DepEd Order No. 93, s. 2010 (a revision to DepEd Order No. 77, s. 2010)
2. Student-classroom ratio forratio
1. student-teacher elementary and from
is sourced secondary
DepEdis sourced from
Order No. 77,DepEd Order
s. 2010; No. 62, s. 2004
student-teacher
ratios for SPED classes per exceptionality were detailed in DepEd Order No. 93, s. 2010 (a
Table 74: Student-Teacher
revision and Student-Classroom
to DepEd Order No. 77, s. 2010) Ratio, SY 2018-2019 to SY 2022-2023
2. Student-classroom ratio for elementarySY 2018-2019
and secondary are sourced from DepEd Order
No. 62, s. 2004 No. of No. of Student-Teacher Student-Classroom
Type/Level Enrollment
Teachers Classrooms Ratio Ratio
Elementary 15,241 425 405 36 38
Secondary 8,974 372 201 24 45
SY 2019-2020
No. of No. of Student-Teacher Student-Classroom
Elementary 15,738 436 412 36 38
Secondary 9,348 410 199 23 47
SY 2020-2021
Elementary 15,369 446 385 34 40
Secondary 10,414 415 197 25 53
SY 2021-2022
Elementary 15,608 453 389 34 40
Secondary 11,051 448 203 25 54
SY 2022-2023
Elementary 16,276 453 398 36 41
Secondary 11,351 439 263 26 43
Note: Computed based on the number of teachers and classrooms provided by DepEd-Subic
Health and Sanitation
Local governments are mandated to provide health services and facilities in the locality as stated in
Section 17 of the Local Government Code otherwise known as R.A. 7160.
Health Resources
Health Facilities and Services
The Rural Health Unit (RHU) in Mangan-vaca serves as the main health facility of the municipality. It
usually provides secondary health services such as the medical needs of barangays that lacks
Barangay Health Station (BHS) facilities. All barangays have BHS which provides primary health
129
services to the locality, which usually includes health education, control of locally endemic diseases,
immunization, maternal/child health and family planning, nutrition, treatment of common diseases, and
supply of essential drugs.
Table 75: Health Facilities, 2023
Number of Personnel
Name of Health Facility Barangay Ownership
Dc N M SI Others Total
Main Health Center
Subic Rural Health Unit Mangan-vaca Government 2 8 9 0 RN-7 RM-5 19
Barangay Health Station
Aningway Sacatihan BHS Aningway Sacatihan Government 1 1 2
Asinan Poblacion BHS Asinan Poblacion Government 0 1 1
Asinan Proper BHS Asinan Proper Government 1 1 2
Baraca-Camachile BHS Baraca-Camachile Government 1 1 2
Batiawan BHS Batiawan Government 1 1 2
Calapacuan BHS Calapacuan Government 2 0 2
Calapandayan BHS Calapandayan Government 0 2 2
Cawag BHS Cawag Government 1 2 3
Ilwas BHS Ilwas Government 0 1 1
Mangan Vaca BHS Mangan-vaca Government 1 1 2
Matain BHS Matain Government 1 1 2
Naugsol BHS Naugsol Government 0 1 1
Pamatawan BHS Pamatawan Government 0 1 1
San Isidro BHS San Isidro Government 0 2 2
Santo Tomas BHS Santo Tomas Government 0 2 2
Wawandue BHS Wawandue Government 1 1 2
Total 2 18 28 0 0 48
Source: Municipal Health Office
Health Personnel
There are two (2) doctors, eight (8) nurses, and nine (9) midwives stationed at the Rural Health Unit.
These are complemented by the Department of Health (DOH) Human Resources for Health (HRH)
Deployment Program, which consists of twelve (12) additional health personnel – 7 Registered Nurses
and 5 Registered Midwives. On the other hand, nurses and/or midwives are also designated in all
BHS.
Table 76: Health Personnel, 2023

Recommended Personnel Shortage of
Ratio to Population/ Recommended
Personnel Number to Population/Household Personnel
Household No. of Personnel
Ratio (as of 2023)
Projected Population 125,061

Projected No. of HH 30,145
Doctor 2 62,531 1:20,000 population 6 4
Dentist 0 0 1:20,000 population 6 6
Nurse 8 15,633 1:10,000 population 13 5
Midwife 9 13,896 1:5,000 population 25 16
Medical Technologist 0 0
Sanitation Inspector 0 0 1:20,000 population 6 6
Barangay Health Workers 163 185 1:20 households 1,507 1,344
Notes:
1. The number of personnel is based on the report submitted by Municipal Health Office
2. The number of Barangay Health Workers is based on the Municipal Health Office Field Health Services Information
System (FHIS) Annual Report 2021
3. 2021 projected population and number of households are computed based on the PSA 2015 Census of Population (see
Notes:
1. The number of personnel is based on the report submitted by Municipal Health Office
Table 53 on page 109)
1. The Barangay Health Workers is based on the Municipal Health Office Field Health Services
Information System (FHIS) Annual Report 2021
2. 2021 projected population and number of households are computed based on the PSA 2015 POPCEN
(see Table __ on page __)
130
Current and Projected Need
One (1) Barangay Health Station (BHS) for every 5,000 population is the ideal BHS to population ratio.
Cawag, Calapacuan, Calapandayan, and Mangan-vaca, being the most populated barangays, requires
2-4 additional BHS from 2024-2033.
Table 77: Projected Requirement for Barangay Health Station, 2024-2028
Projected Population and Projected Number of Barangay Health Station
Barangay 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Population BHS Population BHS Population BHS Population BHS Population BHS
Aningway Sacatihan 6,986 1 7,195 1 7,411 1 7,633 2 7,861 2
Asinan Poblacion 1,581 0 1,628 0 1,677 0 1,727 0 1,779 0
Asinan Proper 10,244 2 10,551 2 10,867 2 11,192 2 11,527 2
Baraca-Camachile 4,690 1 4,830 1 4,975 1 5,124 1 5,277 1
Batiawan 1,708 0 1,760 0 1,812 0 1,867 0 1,922 0
Calapacuan 18,658 4 19,217 4 19,792 4 20,385 4 20,995 4
Calapandayan 12,629 3 13,007 3 13,397 3 13,798 3 14,211 3
Cawag 20,809 4 21,432 4 22,074 4 22,735 5 23,415 5
Ilwas 4,207 1 4,333 1 4,463 1 4,596 1 4,734 1
Mangan Vaca 15,072 3 15,523 3 15,988 3 16,467 3 16,960 3
Matain 10,792 2 11,115 2 11,448 2 11,790 2 12,144 2
Naugsol 3,526 1 3,632 1 3,741 1 3,853 1 3,968 1
Pamatawan 5,597 1 5,765 1 5,938 1 6,115 1 6,298 1
San Isidro 10,262 2 10,570 2 10,886 2 11,212 2 11,548 2
Santo Tomas 7,148 1 7,362 1 7,582 2 7,809 2 8,043 2
Wawandue 2,726 1 2,807 1 2,891 1 2,978 1 3,067 1
Total 136,635 27 140,727 28 144,941 29 149,281 30 153,751 31
Table 78: Projected Requirement for Barangay Health Station, 2029-2033

Projected Population and Projected Number of Barangay Health Station
Barangay 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033
Population BHS Population BHS Population BHS Population BHS Population BHS
Aningway Sacatihan 8,097 2 8,339 2 8,589 2 8,846 2 9,111 2
Asinan Poblacion 1,832 0 1,887 0 1,943 0 2,001 0 2,061 0
Asinan Proper 11,872 2 12,228 2 12,594 3 12,971 3 13,359 3
Baraca-Camachile 5,435 1 5,598 1 5,765 1 5,938 1 6,116 1
Batiawan 1,980 0 2,039 0 2,100 0 2,163 0 2,228 0
Calapacuan 21,624 4 22,272 4 22,939 5 23,625 5 24,333 5
Calapandayan 14,637 3 15,075 3 15,526 3 15,991 3 16,470 3
Cawag 24,116 5 24,839 5 25,582 5 26,348 5 27,137 5
Ilwas 4,876 1 5,022 1 5,172 1 5,327 1 5,487 1
Mangan Vaca 17,468 3 17,991 4 18,529 4 19,084 4 19,656 4
Matain 12,507 3 12,882 3 13,267 3 13,665 3 14,074 3
Naugsol 4,087 1 4,209 1 4,335 1 4,465 1 4,599 1
Pamatawan 6,487 1 6,681 1 6,881 1 7,087 1 7,300 1
San Isidro 11,893 2 12,250 2 12,616 3 12,994 3 13,383 3
Santo Tomas 8,284 2 8,532 2 8,788 2 9,051 2 9,322 2
Wawandue 3,159 1 3,253 1 3,351 1 3,451 1 3,555 1
Total 158,355 32 163,096 33 167,980 34 173,010 35 178,191 36
131
Assuming a total population of 132,663 and total number of households of 31,978 in 2023 would soar to
a total population of 183,526 and total number of households of 44,238 in 2034, the Municipality would
need 7-9 doctors, 13-18 nurses, 27-37 midwives, 7-9 sanitation inspectors, and 1,599-2,212 Barangay
Health Workers/Barangay Health Aides.
Table 79: Projected Number of Health Personnel, 2024-2034

Recommended Projected Number of Personnel
Personnel Personnel to
Population Ratio 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
Projected Population 136,635 140,727 144,941 149,281 153,751 158,355 163,096 167,980 173,010 178,191 183,526
Projected No. of HH 32,935 33,921 34,937 35,983 37,061 38,171 39,314 40,491 41,703 42,952 44,238
Doctor 1:20,000 population 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
Dentist 1:20,000 population 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
Nurse 1:10,000 population 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18
Midwife 1:5,000 population 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
Sanitation Inspector 1:20,000 population 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
BHW/BHAide 1:20 households 1,647 1,696 1,747 1,799 1,853 1,909 1,966 2,025 2,085 2,148 2,212
Notes:
1. Projected population and number of households are computed based on the PSA 2015 Census of Population (Table 53
on page 109)Projected population and number of households are
Note:
2. The recommended
computed basedPersonnel
on the PSA to Population
2015 Ratio
POPCEN (see is__based
Table on__)
on page the DOH minimum staffing recommendations for Municipal
Health Office/Rural Health Unit
Mortality
Top Leading Causes of Mortality

The municipality’s average number of death by cause of death for the past 5 years revealed that acute
myocardial infarction topped the list with an average number of 22 cases. More so, an average of 13
cases was recorded who have died from pulmonary tuberculosis and 12 from hypertensive heart
diseases. It has been noted that the cumulative averages of malignant neoplasm and malignant
melanoma (commonly known as cancer) totaled to 24 cases, which is a little higher than the number of
acute myocardial infarction cases. (Figure 129)
Figure 129: Top Leading Causes of Mortality by Average Number of Death, 2018-2022
132
From 2018-2022, pulmonary tuberculosis was constantly placed within the top 3 leading causes of
mortality with 24 cases or 6.7%% of the total deaths in Subic in 2018 down to 6 cases or 1.8% of the
municipality’s total deaths in 2022. Similarly, the hypertensive heart disease was registered with 26
cases in 2018 (7.3%) and has declined to 4 cases (1.2%) in 2022. On the contrary, acute myocardial
infarction, although there was no registered case in 2018, showed an increasing trend from 10 cases
(2.9%) in 2019 to 34 cases (10.2%) in 2022. (Table 80 and Figure 122)
Table 80: Top Leading Causes of Mortality, 2015-2019

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Causes
Rate (%) Number Rate (%) Number Rate (%) Number Rate (%) Number Rate (%) Number
Acute myocardial infarction 2.9 10 7.7 28 3.8 16 10.1 34
Asthma 0.6 2
Chronic renal failure 0.3 1 0.5 2 0.3 1
Emphysema 0.6 2
Epilepsy 0.3 1 0.5 2
Hypertensive heart diseases 7.2 26 3.3 12 1.0 4 1.2 4
Hypertensive renal disease 0.8 3 0.7 3 0.6 2
Malignant melanoma of female
1.1 4 0.6 2 0.9 3
breast
Malignant neoplasm of brain 0.6 2 0.3 1
Malignant neoplasm of cervix
0.3 1 0.6 2 0.6 2
uteri
Malignant neoplasm of colon 0.6 2 0.3 1 0.5 2
Malignant neoplasm of liver and

0.3 1 0.9 3 0.8 3
intrahepatic bile ducts
Malignant neoplasm of pancreas 0.8 3
Malignant neoplasm of prostate 0.6 2 0.6 2 0.6 2
Malignant neoplasm of trachea,

2.2 8 1.7 6 0.3 1
bronchus and lung
Other rheumatic heart disease 0.5 2
Peptic ulcer 0.6 2 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.2 1 0.3 1

Pulmonary tuberculosis 6.7 24 4.0 14 3.0 11 2.9 12 1.8 6
Notes:
1. Number of cases is based on the records of Registered Deaths Medically Attended or Not, by Cause and Sex: 2018-
2022 provided by the Local Civil Registry Office
2. Rates are computed as the portion of the total registered deaths within the municipality
Notes:
1. Number of cases is sourced from the Registered Deaths Medically Attended or Not, by Cause and Sex: 2018-2022 of the Local
Civil Registrar's Office
2. Rate is computed as the portion of the total registered deaths
133
Figure 130: Rates of the Top Leading Causes of Mortality, 2019
The prevalence rate of death is constantly highest in the age group of 60 years old & over for the 5-year
period – increasing annually from 2018 to 2021 and a slight decrease of 0.53% from 70.47% in 2021 to
69.94 in 2022 (Table 81).
Table 81: Registered Deaths by Age Group, 2018-2022

Age 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Group Number Rate (%) Number Rate (%) Number Rate (%) Number Rate (%) Number Rate (%)
<1 5 1.39 10 2.83 3 0.80 3 0.67 1 0.30
1-4 5 1.39 7 1.98 3 0.80 3 0.67 3 0.89
5-9 0 0.00 2 0.57 1 0.27 2 0.45 2 0.60
10-14 3 0.83 2 0.57 4 1.06 2 0.45 2 0.60
15-19 3 0.83 3 0.85 5 1.33 1 0.22 4 1.19
20-24 6 1.67 7 1.98 4 1.06 7 1.57 2 0.60
25-29 8 2.22 7 1.98 9 2.39 4 0.89 4 1.19
30-34 10 2.78 9 2.55 6 1.59 13 2.91 3 0.89
35-39 5 1.39 15 4.25 18 4.77 10 2.24 12 3.57
40-44 9 2.50 9 2.55 14 3.71 11 2.46 12 3.57
45-49 23 6.39 11 3.12 19 5.04 18 4.03 18 5.36
50-54 29 8.06 22 6.23 28 7.43 27 6.04 18 5.36
55-59 39 10.83 31 8.78 30 7.96 31 6.94 20 5.95
60 & over 215 59.72 218 61.76 233 61.80 315 70.47 235 69.94
Total 360 100.00 353 100.00 377 100.00 447 100.00 336 100.00
Note: Number of deaths is based on the records of Registered Deaths: 2018-2022 provided by the Local Civil Registry
Office
Infant and Child Mortality

Infant deaths peak in 2019 with 10 deaths out of 951 total live births, which resulted to a 10.52 mortality
rate while the lowest was in 2022 with only 1 death out of 830 total live births representing 1.20
mortality rate (Table 82). These figures translate to 11 infant deaths per 1,000 population in 2019 and
1 infant death per 1,000 population in 2022, which met the National Objectives for Health (NOH) 2015-
134
2022 target of 15 per 1,000 live births for Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) (Department of Health, 2018,
p.125).
Young child deaths in 2019 likewise generated the highest mortality rate of 2.39 (2 young child deaths
per 1,000 population) compare with the 2022 mortality rate of 0.53 (1 young child death per 1,000
population). However, these figures clearly indicate that Subic successfully met the Millennium
Development Goal (MDG) and NOH 2011-2016 targets of 25.5 deaths per 1,000 live births (Department
of Health, 2018, p.44).
Table 82: Infant and Child Mortality Rate, 2018-2022
Total Infant (0-11 months old) Young Child (12-59 months old)
Year Live No. of Deaths % Increase/ No. of Deaths % Increase/
Rate Rate
Births M F Total Decrease M F Total Decrease
2018 1,005 3 2 5 4.98 4 1 5 4.98
2019 951 6 4 10 10.52 5.54 3 4 7 7.36 2.39
2020 988 2 1 3 3.04 -7.48 1 0 1 1.01 -6.35
2021 972 2 1 3 3.09 0.05 3 0 3 3.09 2.07
2022 830 0 1 1 1.20 -1.88 1 2 3 3.61 0.53
Notes:
1. Number of live births is based on the records of the Registered Live Births: 2018-2022 provided by the Local Civil
Registry Office
2. Number of deaths is based from the records of Registered Deaths: 2018-2022 provided by the Local Civil Registry Office
Figure 131: Infant and Young Child Mortality Rate, 2018-2022
In 2017, prematurity and pneumonia recorded the highest regional infant mortality rates of 0.9 and 0.7,
respectively (Figure 132). The rest of the causes of infant death generated infant mortality rates of less
than 0.4.
135
Figure 132. Top 10 Leading Causes of Infant Mortality: Central Luzon, 2017
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) 2021 Regional Social and Economic Trends (RSET), p. 309
Maternal Mortality
There was no recorded maternal death in 2021 based on the Municipal Health Office Field Health
Services Information System (FHIS) Annual Report 2021.
Morbidity
Top Leading Causes of Morbidity

For the years 2018 and 2020, the top 10 leading causes of morbidity in Central Luzon remain the same.
Acute respiratory tract infection recorded the highest morbidity rate of 4,587, which is 63% higher than
the morbidity rates of other diseases.
Figure 133. Top 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity: Central Luzon, 2019

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) 2021 Regional Social and Economic Trends (RSET), p. 307
136
Malnourished Children
In 2018, out of the 15,636 total population of children aged 0-5 years old, only 114 or 0.78% are
malnourished.
Table 83: Malnourished Children, 2023

Estimated No. of Projected No of Percentage of Malnourished
Barangay Malnourished Children Children 0-5 years old Children
M F Total M F Total M F Total
Aningway-Sacatihan 2 3 5 420 380 800 0.54 0.83 0.68
Asinan Poblacion 0 0 0 95 86 181 0.00 0.00 0.00
Asinan Proper 0 0 0 616 557 1,172 0.00 0.00 0.00
Baraca-Camachile 2 3 5 282 255 537 0.54 1.25 0.87
Batiawan 3 3 6 103 93 196 2.65 3.13 2.87
Calapacuan 15 11 26 1,121 1,014 2,135 1.32 1.08 1.20
Calapandayan 8 2 10 759 686 1,445 1.06 0.29 0.69
Cawag 21 19 40 1,251 1,131 2,381 1.65 1.68 1.66
Ilwas 0 0 0 253 229 481 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mangan-vaca 0 5 5 906 819 1,725 0.00 0.63 0.29
Matain 8 5 13 649 586 1,235 1.18 0.82 1.02
Naugsol 0 1 1 212 192 404 0.00 0.54 0.27
Pamatawan 0 1 1 336 304 641 0.00 0.38 0.19
San Isidro 1 0 1 617 558 1,174 0.18 0.00 0.08
Sto. Tomas 0 0 0 430 388 818 0.00 0.00 0.00
Wawandue 1 1 2 164 148 312 0.71 0.83 0.76
TOTAL 60 55 114 8,211 7,425 15,636 0.83 0.75 0.78
Notes:
1. Percentage of malnourished children is derived from CBMS 2017-2018
2. Total number of malnourished children for 2023 is computed based on the percentages of malnourished children
Notes:
1. Percentage of malnourished children is derived from CBMS 2017-2018
2. Total number of malnourished children is computed based on the percentages of malnourished
For the past five (5) years, malnourished children are composed of around 21.41% to 30.35% of the
children
total number of preschoolers. Stunting, which is defined as “being small in size for their age”, has
become the sole indicator of malnutrition used worldwide (Mbuya, et.al., 2021, p. 4). The percentage of
stunting in Subic has been gradually increasing from 11.56% in 2019 to 14.93% in 2022. But because
of the Municipality’s efforts to improve the nutritional status of children, the percentage of stunting was
reduced by 5% from the 2022 rate of 14.93% to a rate of 9.93% in 2023. The 2019 rate of stunting
(11.56%) is much lower than the national rate (28.8%) and the regional rate (23.1%) (Mbuya, et.al.,
2021, p. 6).
On the other hand, underweight children or those “below the expected weight for their age” were
recorded at its peak (6.91%) in 2019 but reduced to 4.39% in 2023. The 2019 rate of underweight
(4.39%) is considerably lower as against the national data (19%). Similarly, wasting children or those
who are “being underweight for their height” showed a slightly diminishing trend from 3.65% in 2020 to
2.71% in 2023. The 2019 rate of wasting (2.71%) in Subic is lower by more than half of the national
rate of 5.8% (Mbuya, et.al., 2021, p.4).
Table 84: Malnourished Children, 2019-2023
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Degree of Malnutrition
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Underweight 712 6.91% 531 5.42% 448 5.64% 573 6.13% 467 4.39%
Stunting 1,192 11.56% 1,251 12.77% 1,037 13.06% 1,396 14.93% 1,057 9.93%
Wasting 352 3.41% 357 3.65% 266 3.35% 296 3.17% 289 2.71%
Overweight 252 2.44% 210 2.14% 363 4.57% 573 6.13% 467 4.39%
Total No. of Malnourished Children 2,508 24.33% 2,349 23.98% 2,114 26.63% 2,838 30.35% 2,280 21.41%
Total No. of Preschoolers (0-59 months old) 10,310 9,794 7,939 9,350 10,647
Source: Population Commission (POPCOM) Office
Note: Total numbers of preschoolers were derived from the Operation Timbang conducted by POPCOM
137
Figure 134: Percentage of Malnutrition, 2019-2023
Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility
The country’s progress to eliminate open defecation and achieve universal access to basic sanitation
by 2030 was rated as too slow, which generally needs “a five-fold increase in municipal annual targets
to end open defecation by 2025” (UNICEF, 2021). The importance of a toilet facility in every home is
being promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to improve the sanitation status of the whole
country. Unsanitary conditions contribute to the outbreak of diarrheal diseases especially among
children and exacerbate malnutrition.
Table 85: Households without Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility, 2023
Based on the Community Based HH without access to
Number of
Monitoring System 2017-2018, 97.08% Barangay
Households
sanitary toilet facility
of the total number of households in Number %
Aningway Sacatihan 1,840 29 1.58
Subic has access to sanitary toilet
Asinan Poblacion 376 0 0.00
facility, which was far above the Asinan Proper 2,398 35 1.47
National Objectives for Health (NOH) Baraca-Camachile (Pob.) 1,131 0 0.00
2017-2022 target of 53%. The Batiawan 787 506 64.36
remaining 2.92% of the total number of Calapacuan 4,180 90 2.15
households with no access to sanitary Calapandayan (Pob.) 2,987 25 0.83
Cawag 4,884 235 4.82
toilet facility were distributed in twelve
Ilwas (Pob.) 1,010 1 0.11
(12) barangays, wherein Batiawan Mangan-Vaca 3,523 6 0.18
accounts the largest percentage of Matain 2,358 1 0.04
64.36% with 506 approximate number Naugsol 1,379 2 0.13
of households as of 2023. Pamatawan 397 1 0.36
San Isidro 2,315 0 0.01
Santo Tomas 1,731 0 0.00
Wawandue (Pob.) 682 0 0.00
Total 31,978 933 2.92
Notes:
1. Percentage of households with no access to sanitary toilet facility per
barangay is derived from CBMS 2017-2018.
2. Number of households with no access to sanitary toilet facility is
computed based on the 2023 projected number of households.
Notes:
1. Percentage of households with no access to sanitary
toilet facility per barangay is derived from CBMS 2017-
2018.
2. Barangay number of households with no acces to
sanitary toilet facility is computed based on the 2023
Page invalid without the seal of En.P. PRC No. 450,projected number
Republic Act of households.
No. 10587 Section 5.(d) expert witness.
3. Total percentage of households with no access to
sanitary toilet facility is computed as the rate of the total
number of households with no access to sanitary toilet
138
Figure 135: Households with No Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility, 2023
Burial Grounds
Existing Burial Grounds

There are nine (9) burial grounds in Subic, four (4) are publicly-owned and five (5) are privately-owned.
Table 86: Burial Grounds

Capacity
Name of Cemetery/Memorial Park Location Ownership Area (has) Data source
No. of Plots Area in sq.m.
Calapandayan Public Cemetery Calapandayan Public 8.0000 CLUP 2001-2010 SEPP
Pamatawan Public Cemetery Pamatawan Public 3.0000 CLUP 2001-2010 SEPP
Roman Catholic Cemetery Ilwas Public 1.0000 CLUP 2001-2010 SEPP
San Martin Public Cemetery Cawag Public 1.0000 CLUP 2001-2010 SEPP
Divine Mercy Memorial Park Calapacuan Private 4.8039 800 1,952 DHSUD
Golden Haven Memorial Park Subic Aningway-Sacatihan Private 4.7709 7,034 15,234 DHSUD/LGU
Paradise Garden Memorial Park Asinan Proper Private 1.6103 2,601 6,346 DHSUD
Subic Memorial Garden Ilwas Private 3.0000 0 CLUP 2001-2010 SEPP
Subic Prime Gardens Mangan-vaca Private 6.5000 17,000 41,480 Subic Prime Gardens website
Total 33.6851 27,435 65,012
Sources:
1. Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD) Region III (email received on Sept 21, 2023)
2. Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2001-2010 Socio-Economic and Physical Profile, p. III-22 (public cemeteries)
3. Subic Prime Gardens website at https://subicprimegardensph.weebly.com/about.html
Current and Projected Need

Subic requires about 3 hectares of land to accommodate the projected number of deaths in 2023. The
Sources:
land area1.requirement will increase
Department of Human to around
Settlements and 3.5 hectares in 2028 and 4.6 hectares by 2034. These
Urban Development
land areas does not include areas for facilities, offices, and open area requirements.
(DHSUD) Region III (email received on Sept 21, 2023)
2. Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2001-2010, p.III-22
3. Subic Prime Gardens website at
https://subicprimegardensph.weebly.com/about.html
139
Table 87: Burial Ground Requirements, 2023-2034
Baseline (2022) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
Projected Population 121,425 132,663 136,635 140,727 144,941 149,281 153,751 158,355 163,096 167,980 173,010 178,191 183,526
Projected No. of Deaths 317 346 357 367 378 390 401 413 426 438 452 465 479
No. of Burial Permits 238 260 267 275 284 292 301 310 319 329 339 349 359
No. of Burials Outside Municipality 79 87 89 92 95 97 100 103 106 110 113 116 120
Number of Cremations 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23
No. of Deaths Buried within the
102 110 112 115 118 120 123 126 129 133 136 139 143
Municipality
Projected No. of Deaths to be Buried
215 237 244 252 261 269 278 287 296 306 316 326 336
within the Municipality
Participation Rate (%) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
Projected Area Requirements for
39,288 43,314 44,737 46,202 47,712 49,267 50,868 52,517 54,216 55,965 57,767 59,623 61,534
Burial Grounds (sq.m.)
Current Capacity of Existing
15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091 15,091
Cemeteries (sq.m.)
Future Requirements for Burial
24,197 28,223 29,646 31,112 32,621 34,176 35,777 37,426 39,125 40,874 42,676 44,532 46,443
Ground (sq.m.)
Notes:
1. Projected populations are computed based on the PSA 2015 Census of Population
2. Number of deaths for 2022 is based on the records of the Registered Deaths provided by the Local Civil Registry Office
3. Projected number of deaths are computed using the 2022 Crude Death Rate
4. Number of burial permits for 2022 is estimated at 75% of the total number of deaths
5. Number of cremations for 2022 is computed as the average of the number of cremations for 2018-2022 based on the
records of the Registered Deaths by Corpse Disposal (Cremation) provided by the Local Civil Registry Office
6. Current capacity of existing cemeteries excludes the capacity of public cemeteries as it is assumed that all publicly-owned
cemeteries have already reached their capacities. Current capacity is computed at 20% of the total capacity (in square
meters) of private cemeteries/memorial parks.
Solid Waste Management
CBMS 2017-2018 data revealed that wastes from the majority of the households (75.96%) were
collected, while a slightly more than half of it (38.05%) were burned (Table 88). Diverted wastes or
those that have been composted and recycled account to 2.03% and 2.39%, respectively. An
aggregate rate of 5.27% of wastes were either dumped to open or closed pit or thrown in the river.
Segregated wastes account to only 3.32% of the total generated waste (Figure 136).
Table 88. Number of Households by Type of Solid Waste Disposal by Barangay, 2018
Type of Solid Waste Disposal and Estimated Number of Households
Projected
Dumped to Dumped to open
Barangay Number of Collected Burned Composted Recycled Segregated Thrown in river Others
closed pit pit
Households
No. of HH % No. of HH % No. of HH % No. of HH % No. of HH % No. of HH % No. of HH % No. of HH % No. of HH %
Aningway Sacatihan 1,840 1,674 90.9 658 35.7 51 2.76 215 11.7 246 13.4 31 1.67 18 0.98 34 1.87 0 0
Asinan Poblacion 376 376 100 2 0.43 2 0.43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Asinan Proper 2,398 1,992 83.1 625 26.1 9 0.37 31 1.31 31 1.31 17 0.69 39 1.62 102 4.25 0 0
Baraca-Camachile 1,131 1,135 100 5 0.41 2 0.21 4 0.31 6 0.51 0 0 0 0 2 0.21 1 0.1
Batiawan 787 0 0 777 98.7 16 2.06 2 0.26 0 0 38 4.88 111 14.1 2 0.26 0 0
Calapacuan 4,180 2,955 70.7 1,590 38 83 1.99 71 1.69 42 1 160 3.83 94 2.24 184 4.41 5 0.12
Calapandayan 2,987 2,668 89.3 451 15.1 21 0.71 16 0.53 125 4.17 40 1.33 15 0.49 27 0.89 1 0.04
Cawag 4,884 2,415 49.5 3,017 61.8 181 3.71 233 4.78 215 4.4 173 3.54 208 4.26 131 2.68 3 0.07
Ilwas 1,010 705 69.7 349 34.5 113 11.2 10 0.95 70 6.97 4 0.35 5 0.47 4 0.35 0 0
Mangan-Vaca 3,523 3,019 85.7 1,318 37.4 85 2.4 78 2.21 69 1.96 36 1.01 18 0.51 42 1.2 0 0
Matain 2,358 2,345 99.5 103 4.38 11 0.46 62 2.61 147 6.22 18 0.77 11 0.46 18 0.77 2 0.08
Naugsol 1,379 756 54.8 1,224 88.8 10 0.74 8 0.55 13 0.92 23 1.66 18 1.29 8 0.55 0 0
Pamatawan 397 227 57.2 159 40 48 12.1 2 0.38 76 19.1 3 0.76 2 0.57 2 0.57 0 0
San Isidro 2,315 1,538 66.5 1,772 76.6 6 0.28 8 0.36 18 0.78 6 0.28 5 0.21 6 0.28 0 0
Santo Tomas 1,731 1,815 105 77 4.44 8 0.49 8 0.49 3 0.16 6 0.33 8 0.49 8 0.49 0 0
Wawandue 682 669 98.1 42 6.22 0 0 16 2.39 0 0 3 0.48 3 0.48 3 0.48 0 0
TOTAL 31,978 24,289 75.96 12,166 38.05 648 2.03 764 2.39 1,060 3.32 557 1.74 555 1.73 575 1.80 13 0.04
Source: Community Based Monitoring System 2017-2018
Notes:
1. Percentage of households are derived from CBMS 2017-2018 data on
Page invalidthewithout the
type of garbage seal of En.P. PRC No. 450, Republic
collection. Act No. 10587 Section 5.(d) expert witness.
2. Number of households is computed based on the percentages in CBMS
2017-2018 data.
140
Figure 136: Percentage of Households by Type of Solid Waste Disposal, 2018
Figure 137: Segregated vs. Not Segregated Solid Waste
With reference to the Waste Assessment and Characterization Study (WACS) conducted in 2015,
Subic has daily per capita generation of 0.86 kg. This resulted to the current municipality’s waste
generation of about 110,110 kilograms or 110 tons per day, which translates to around 40,000 tons per
year (Solid Waste Management Plan 2024-2033).
Since the sanitary landfill facility (SLF) will only be constructed in 2029 and the start of its operation is in
2030, the projection of the waste disposal will cover 2030-2039. Assuming a waste diversion rate of
50% is implemented, the total waste generation after diversion is equivalent to around 26,000-33,000
tons per year for 2030-2039. This volume of waste requires about 15.3 hectares of land for a sanitary
landfill facility with a height of 10 meters and with 10 years residence time. The land area also includes
areas for open space and administration building.
141
Table 89: Sanitary Landfill Land Area Requirement, 2030-2039
Given (2039)
Waste generation 0.86 per person per day (based on WACS 2015)
Population 2039 212,699
Waste Density 330 kg/cu.m.
Landfill Depth 10 meters
Residence Time 10 years
Waste Generation (2039) 66,583,347 kg. per year

Waste Disposal (2039) 33,291,673 kg. per year
after 50% diversion
Land Area Requirement (sq.m.) 100,884 Waste Disposal Residence Time

x
Waste Density Landfill Depth
Land Area Requirement (ha.) 10.09
Total Land Area Requirement (ha.) 15.13 Land Area Requirement x 1.5
Source: Solid Waste Management Plan 2024-2033
To lengthen the lifespan of the sanitary landfill, as well as to minimize the overall cost related to solid
waste management, Subiqueños are encouraged to segregate their waste at source and divert into a
more practical and functional uses those wastes that can be composted or recycled.
Housing
Existing Housing Situation
An increasing trend in the number of occupied housing units were observed from 16,843 housing units
in 2007 to 29,712 housing units in 2020, which translates to a 43.31% rate of increase within the past
thirteen (13) years or an average of 3.32% annual increase. More so, there is an average ratio of 1
household per housing unit for the past four (4) censal years, and an average ratio of 4.25 household
population per occupied housing unit.
Table 90: Housing Situation for the Past Three Censal Years
2010 2015 2020
2007 % Increase/ % Increase/ % Increase/
No. No. No.
Decrease Decrease Decrease
Households (HH) 17,232 20,103 14.28 25,014 19.63 28,202 11.30
Household Population 76,282 89,379 14.65 103,814 13.90 111,683 7.05
Occupied HU 16,843 19,808 14.97 24,760 20.00 29,712 16.67
Ratio of HH to Occupied HU 1.02 1.01 1.01 0.95
Ratio of HH Population to Occupied HU 4.53 4.51 4.19 3.76
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority 2007, 2019, 2015, and 2020 POPCEN
Note: Number of occupied housing unit in 2020 is not yet available as of this writing. Hence, it is computed at an increase
of 20% of the number of occupied housing unit in 2015.
The rate of increase in the

Source: number
Philippine of households
Statistics Authority in 2007,
2007, 2010,
2019, 2015,and
and2015 recorded an upward trend,
2020 POPCEN
Note: Number of occupied housing unit in 2020 is not yet available
while a significant reduction was observed from 2015 to 2020. Householdaspopulation, of this writing.
on Hence, it
the other
is computed at an increae of 20% of the number of occupied housing unit in 2015.
hand, showed a downward rate of increase from 14.65% in 2010 to 7.05% in 2020. Looking at the rate
142
of increase in the number of occupied housing units, 2010 and 2015 showed a slight increasing trend
and dropped from 20.00% in 2015 to 16.67% in 2020.
Figure 138: Rate of Increase of Households, Household Population, and Occupied Housing Units for the Past Three
Censal Years
Figure 139: Ratio of Households and Household Population to Occupied Housing Units for the Past Four Censal Years
In Table 91, about 76% of the total housing units in 2015 are owned or being amortized while 26% are
rented. On the other hand, non-owner households are composed of 13% who were occupying a
housing unit for free with consent of the owner while 0.25% were occupying a housing unit for free
without consent of the owner.
There is a slight increase in the percentage of owner households from 73.17% in 2010 to 75.91% in
2015. Renter households also increased from 16.81% in 2010 to 25.78% in 2015, which could be
attributed to a decreasing trend of households occupying housing units for free without consent of the
owner.
143
Table 91: Tenure Status of the Housing Units, 2010 and 2015
2010 2015
Tenture Status Housing Unit Housing Unit
No. % No. %
Owned/Being Amortized 14,183 73.17 14,715 75.91
Rented 3,259 16.81 4,998 25.78
Being Occupied for Free with
1535 7.92 2436 12.57
consent of Owner
Being Occupied for Free without
407 2.10 48 0.25
consent of owner
Total 19,384 100% 22,197 100%
Figure 140: Percentage of Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status, 2015
Figure 141: Percentage of Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status, 2010 and 2015
144
Housing Backlog
Unacceptable housing units make up the largest share of the housing backlog in 2015, which accounts
to about 88%, while in 2007 the largest share was makeshift/salvaged/improvised housing units (36%).
Table 92: Housing Backlog, 2007, 2010 and 2015

2007 2010 2015
Backlog
Doubled-up Households 389 46.04 295 6.88 254 6.00
Unacceptable Housing Units 71 8.40 3,694 86.19 3,710 87.64
Makeshift / Salvage/ Improvised HU 304 35.98 292 6.81 263 6.21
Others 81 9.59 5 0.12 6 0.14
Total Backlog 845 100.00 4,286 100.00 4,233 100.00
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority 2007 Census of Population (POPCEN), 2010 and 2015 Census of Population and
Households (CPH).
Notes:
1. Doubled-up households are dwelling units which are shared by 2 or more households.
2. Unacceptable housing units are computed at 5% of housing units made of mixed materials
An increasing trend has been observed in the percentage of unacceptable housing units from the past
three censal years, while all other types of housing backlogs maintain its diminishing trend.
Figure 142: Percentage of Housing Backlog by Type of Housing Unit, 2007, 2010 and 2015
A total number of housing backlog of 845 in

2007 soared in 2010 to around five times of the
2007 figure, and maintained its level until 2015.
Figure 143: Total Number of Housing Backlog, 2007,

2010, and 2015
145
Residential Subdivisions and Condominium Projects
There are thirty-two (32) subdivisions, condominium, and other housing projects in Subic. Fiesta
Communities Incorporated owned the most number of residential subdivisions, which are located in
Aningway-Sacatihan, Asinan Proper, Mangan-vaca, and Pamatawan. Fiesta Prime Subic in Aningway-
Sacatihan and Fiesta Communities-Subic Pamatawan in Pamatawan are the largest subdivisions with
an area of around 30 hectares each. Its sister company, the Hausland Development Corporation is
currently developing the The Hauslands Subic, a residential and commercial subdivision in a 25-hectare
land in Mangan-vaca and Asinan Proper strategically located beside Waltermart along the national road
of Mangan-vaca.
Table 93: Existing Subdivision as of October 2023

Hazard Susceptibility
Name of Subdivision/ Condominium Type Brgy.
FI Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su
Alta Vista Residential Estate PD 957 (Res Subd.) San Isidro L M M L L L L
Amira Fields Subdivision PD 957 (Res Subd.) Mangan-vaca M M M L L L M
APO Executive Homes PD 957 (Res Subd.) San Isidro L M M L M L M
Astoria Subdivision (Formerly Creek Side Residences) BP 220 Mangan-vaca L M L L L L L
Camella Subic PD 957 (Res Subd.) Aningway-Sacatihan M M L L L L L
Casa Mia 3 PD 957 (Res Subd.) Pamatawan M M L L L L L
Casa Mia II PD 957 (Res Subd.) Mangan-vaca M M L L L L L
Club Morocco Subdivision PD 957 (Res Subd.) Cawag L M L L L L L
Coho Subic PD 957 (Condominium) Aningway-Sacatihan M L L L L L L
Dela Paz Villa Subdivision PD 957 (Res Subd.) Calapacuan L L L L L L L
Earth and Homes Subic PD 957 (Res Subd.) Calapandayan L L L L L L L
Fiesta Communities Inc. - Asinan Proper BP 220 Asinan Proper L L L L L L L
Fiesta Communities -Subic BP 220 (Resi/Com Subd.) Mangan-vaca M L L L L L M
Fiesta Communities-Subic Pamatawan BP 220 Pamatawan M L L L L L M
Fiesta Prime Subic BP 220 Aningway-Sacatihan M L L L L L M
Greenview Magdalena Homes PD 957 (Res Subd.) Sto. Tomas L L L L M L M
Hannah Hills - Subic PD 957 (Res Subd.) Mangan-vaca L L L L L L L
Lumina Subic BP 220 Pamatawan L L L L L L L
Maligaya Village Subdivision Calapandayan L L L L M L L
Sedona Forest Farm Farmlot Subd Calapacuan & Naugsol L L L L L L M
Sierra Hills Subdivision PD 957 Sto. Tomas M L L L L L M
St. James Subdivision Calapacuan L L L L L L L
St. Mary Homes BP 220 Asinan Proper L L L L L L L
St. Theodore Homes PD 957 Mangan-vaca L L L L L L L
Sta. Monica Subdivision PD 957 Sto. Tomas M L L L L L M
Subic Bay View Residences PD 957 Calapandayan L L L L L L L
Subic Executive Village Mangan-vaca L L L L L L L
Subic Hills Village Aningway-Sacatihan L L L L L L L
Susana Executive Village PD 957 Mangan-vaca L L L L L L L
The Hauslands Subic PD 957 (Res/Com Subd.) Asinan Proper & Mangan-vaca L L L L L L L
Tierra Verde Subic PD 957 Mangan-vaca L L L L L L L
Wea Homes Asinan Proper L L L L M L L
Source: Office of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
Resettlement Areas
Cawag Resettlement was originally established to provide shelter and rehabilitation services to victims
of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991 (Municipality of Subic, 2001). The site can accommodate a
maximum of 600 families. In 1999, there were a total of 283 families in the area, or a total population
count of 4,289. Two other resettlement sites were established, the Gala Resettlement in Aningway-
Sacatihan and Mangan-vaca Resettlement in Mangan-vaca (Municipality of Subic, 2001).
146
Housing Facilities
Housing facilities for the past two censal years (2010 and 2015) are presented in Table 94. However,
there was no data on water-sealed toilets and garbage collection system in 2015. Hence, comparison
of 2010 data with 2018 data based on the Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) 2017-2018 is
made in this section.
A decline in the percentages of households served by water supply, electricity, and water-sealed toilets
were observed from 2010 to 2018 while households served by garbage collection system attained an
increase of 11% from 2010 to 2018.
Table 94: Housing Facilities, 2010, 2015 and 2018

2010 2015 2018
Utilities Housing Units/ No. % Housing Units/ No. % Housing Units/ No. %
Households Served Served Households served Served Households Served Served
Water Supply 20,103 12,692 63% 25,014 14,897 60% 26,672 15,851 59%
Electricity 20,103 17,457 87% 25,014 22,806 91% 26,672 19,446 73%
Water-Sealed Toilets 20,103 37,502 187% 25,014 26,672 25,858 97%
Garbage Collection System 20,103 13,863 69% 25,014 26,672 21,422 80%
Notes:
1. Number of housing units/households and number served in 2010 and 2015 are based on the PSA 2010 and 2015
POPCEN
2. Number of housing units/households and number served in 2018 are based on the Community Based Management
System (CBMS) 2017-2018
Municipality-owned
Notes: Lands
1. Number of housing units/households in 2010 and 2015 are based on the 2010 and 2015 POPCEN
2. Number of housing units/households in 2018 is based on the Community Based Management System 2017-2018
The Municipality owned thirty-five (35) parcels of agricultural, residential, commercial, and industrial
lands with an aggregate area of 29.5798 hectares. The largest areas are located in Calapacuan
(9.8840 hectares), Wawandue (8.8197 hectares), and Matain (5.3214 hectares).
Table 95: Government-owned Lands

Area Actual Land
Owner Brgy.
Agricultural (ha.) All Other (sq.m.) Use
Municipality of Subic Mangan-vaca 399 Residential
Municipality of Subic Mangan-vaca 3,673 Residential
158 Residential
Municipality of Subic Mangan-vaca
Improvement
Municipality of Subic Ilwas 10,375 Residential
Municipality of Subic Ilwas 37 Residential
2,281 Commercial
Municipality of Subic Baraca-Camachile
Improvement
8,125 Residential
Municipality of Subic Baraca-Camachile
Improvement
Municipality of Subic Baraca-Camachile 3,745 Commercial
Municipality of Subic Baraca-Camachile 6,500 Commercial
Municipality of Subic Baraca-Camachile 658 Commercial
147
Owner Brgy. Area Actual Land
Municipality of Subic Matain 38,870 Use
Residential
Municipality of Subic Matain 6,976 Residential
0.2000 Agricultural
Municipality of Subic Matain 5,080 Residential
288 Improvement
2,012 Residential
Municipality of Subic Calapacuan
Improvement
9.6828 Agricultural
Municipality of Subic Calapacuan
Improvement
Municipality of Subic Wawandue 9,388 Commercial
Municipality of Subic Wawandue 5,201 Industrial
Municipality of Subic Wawandue 660 Industrial
Municipality of Subic Asinan-Proper 6,350 Residential
Municipality of Subic Pamatawan 4,152 Residential
Municipality of Subic Aningway-Sacatihan 1,502 Residential
Total Agricultural 10 hectares
Total Residential 95,301 square meters
Total Commercial 93,220 square meters
Total Industrial 8,161 square meters
Source: Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development [email on June 29, 2023)
Current and Projected Needs
If the 2015 housing backlog of 4,233 is evenly distributed for the period 2023-2034, there are 353
housing units that need to be addressed annually. However, in addressing the future housing needs,
the annual increase in the number of households and the number of doubled-up households need to be
considered.
Table 96: Housing Requirement, 2023-2034
Baseline Current Housing Future Housing Demand and Residential Area Requirement
Housing Backlog
(2015) Demand (2023) 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
Housing Backlog 4,233 3,880 3,527 3,174 2,821 2,468 2,115 1,762 1,409 1,056 703 353 0
Net Increase of Households 6,964 958 986 1,016 1,046 1,077 1,110 1,143 1,177 1,212 1,249 1,286
Doubled-up Households 3,198 3,294 3,392 3,494 3,598 3,706 3,817 3,931 4,049 4,170 4,295 4,424
Total 14,041 7,778 7,552 7,330 7,112 6,899 6,689 6,483 6,282 6,086 5,897 5,710
Residential Area Requirement (ha.) 402 223 216 210 204 198 192 186 180 174 169 163
Notes:
1. Housing backlog in 2015 does not include housing units in danger zones, uninhabitable areas, those affected by
infrastructure projects, and those
Notes: that are subject for demolition.
2. Net increase of households are computed by subtracting the previous year's number of households to the current year's
1. Housing backlog in 2015 does not include housing units in danger
zones, uninhabitable areas, those affected by infrastructure projects, and
number of households those subject for demolition.
3. Net increase of households are computed by subtracting the previous
3. Doubled-up Households are computed at 10%toof
year's number of households the total
the current projected
year's number household population
of households
4. Doubled-up Households are computed at 10% of the total projected
household population
Social Welfare Services
Social welfare aims to uplift the living conditions of that segment of the population, which has the least
in life. Emphasis is given on the improvement of the quality of life of the distressed and disadvantaged
individuals, groups, families and communities. Vulnerable groups include neglected, abused, and
exploited children and women, cultural communities, persons with disabilities, the elderly, and
communities prone to natural calamities and/or man-made disasters.
148
Day Care Services
Day care facilities are found in all barangays. In Cawag, there are six (6) day care centers. Day care
services are offered to children 3-5 years old.
Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)
Subic has 665 total number of persons with disabilities (PWD) representing 0.52% of the total estimated
2022 population of 128,806. Calapacuan, Cawag, and Calapandayan have the largest number of
PWDs equivalent to 160, 116, and 89 individuals, respectively with a 54.89% cumulative share from the
total number of PWDs.
A PWD organization is also established to ensure that all PWDs are given the assistance they need
such as issuance of PWD IDs and participation in the skills training and livelihood programs.
Table 97: Estimated Number of PWDs by Barangay and by Type of Disability, 2022
Due to Orthopedic/
Mental/ Speech
Barangay Hearing Psychosocial Visual Chronic (Musculo Multiple Learning Total
Intellectual Impairment
Illness skeletal)
Aningway-Sacatihan 2 1 0 0 1 8 2 0 0 16
Asinan Poblacion 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 7
Asinan Proper 10 4 1 5 2 6 6 10 1 45
Baraca-Camachile 2 1 0 2 0 5 1 1 0 13
Batiawan 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 6
Calapacuan 22 18 8 16 16 17 32 32 0 160
Calapandayan 16 7 11 8 2 22 13 1 7 89
Cawag 29 10 2 24 11 6 19 12 2 116
Ilwas 10 4 2 7 0 6 2 4 2 38
Mangan-vaca 7 0 5 1 2 5 4 1 1 27
Matain 8 6 5 5 4 4 5 5 1 42
Naugsol 1 0 0 1 1 1 4 2 0 11
Pamatawan 5 1 0 5 6 8 12 6 1 45
San Isidro 6 0 4 4 2 4 4 2 1 27
Sto. Tomas 6 0 4 0 0 2 2 1 1 17
Wawandue 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 6
Total 125 55 45 81 50 102 108 80 19 665
Note: Computed based on the CBMS 2017-2018 data on PWDs
149
Figure 144: Number of PWDs by Barangay, 2022
Mentally/Intellectually-disabled persons comprised the largest number of PWD in 2022 with 125
individuals, followed by orthopaedic/musculoskeletal disability and disability due to chronic illness with
108 and 102 individuals, respectively.
Figure 145: Number of PWDs by Type of Disability, 2022
Senior Citizens
Facilities for the welfare of senior citizens are also established in all barangays of Subic. All senior
citizen barangay chapters have their own senior citizen affairs office. The Municipality is also
150
supportive of the senior citizens through its sponsorship in the Philhealth program and provision of
medical and other social services. Currently, 89.13% of the total number of senior citizens have senior
citizen IDs, which they could use in availing different services for their sector.
Table 98: Senior Citizens with ID, 2023

Senior Citizen With ID
Barangay
Population 2023 Number Proportion (%)
Aningway Sacatihan 525 405 77.25
Asinan Poblacion 119 110 92.59
Asinan Proper 770 630 81.92
Baraca-Camachile 352 298 84.68
Batiawan 128 87 67.53
Calapacuan 1,402 1,111 79.27
Calapandayan 949 754 79.48
Notes:
Cawag 1,563 1,244 79.56
1. Senior citizen po
Ilwas 316 267 84.56 population in Table
Mangan-Vaca 1,132 900 79.49 2. The number of s
Matain 811 702 86.63 based on the propo
Naugsol 265 209 78.70 in CBMS 2017-2018
Pamatawan 421 317 75.31
San Isidro 771 676 87.73
Santo Tomas 537 474 88.22
Wawandue 205 183 89.13
TOTAL 10,265 9,150 89.13
Notes:
1. Senior citizen population is captured from the projected population based on the 2015 Census of Population
2. The number of senior citizens with ID is computed based on the proportion (%) of senior citizens with ID in CBMS 2017-
2018
Disaster Management
During periods of calamity, resources are organized to provide relief goods to affected families. The
Municipal Disaster Coordinating Council, chaired by the Honorable Mayor, is tasked to oversee the
implementation of disaster operations and activities. It allows non-government organizations and
people’s organizations to volunteer their services in relief and rehabilitation work. During emergency
situations, the council is mobilized to provide overall coordination of disaster management
Family Welfare
On-going programs that address the needs of families include: Family Casework/Counselling, Marriage
Counselling, Family Casework/Counselling, Special Social Services for Solo Parents, Assistance for
Abused Children, and Maternal and Child Care Skills Development.
Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS) area
Cawag Resettlement is an 803-hectare CIDSS Area which was originally established to provide shelter
and rehabilitation services to victims of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991. The site can accommodate a
maximum of 600 families (Municipality of Subic, 2001).
Through the CIDSS, basic services are made available to the residents comprising of both lowlanders
and Aetas. Elementary and high school education facilities are provided in the site. A Day Care Center
151
and a Rural Health Unit provide the necessary public services to the community. Other services include
counselling services, food for work, cash for work, supplemental feeding, self-employment assistance
and referrals for social services.
Indigenous People
The Aetas are acknowledged to be one of the earliest settlers in the municipality. Historically, as
lowlanders came to Subic, Aetas were displaced and were forced to flee to the hinterlands. While a
number of Aetas have managed to be integrated within the mainstream of development activities in the
municipality, many have remained deprived of public services such as health, social welfare and basic
education. Aeta families are scattered in some barangays in Subic, such as Batiawan and Naugsol.
(Municipality of Subic, 2001)
Protective Services
Protective Services, Facilities and Equipment
A Municipal Police Station (MPS) with an area of 288 square meters located within the vicinity of the
Municipal Hall provides police services for the whole municipality. The 28 PNP personnel are
complemented by barangay tanods. The station has two (2) patrol cars and 1 motor vehicle being
used for its operations.
Table 99: Protective Services, Facilities and Equipment, 2023

Physical Personnel to Vehicles Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Area No. of
Type of Service Barangay Condition of Population
(sq.m.) Personnel No. Types Contact No. FI Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su Others
Facility Ratio
1 Motor
Police Baraca-Camachile 288 Fair 28 1: 4,738 / / /
2 Patrol Car
Fire Protection Wawandue 421 Fair 18 1: 7,370 1 Firetruck 0927-698-3563 / / / / / /
Source: Subic Police Station and Subic Fire Station
There is only one jail cell for male offenders located inside the PNP building. Female offenders are
detained at the PNP office.
Fire protection services in the Municipality are being carried out by a total of eighteen (18) fire
personnel – twelve (12) male and six (6) female. The Bureau of Fire Protection station with an area of
421 square meters is located at the vicinity of public market and Kolehiyo Ng Subic in Wawandue. Its
facilities include one (1) fire truck and a few fire hydrants.
Fire Incidence
A total of 27 fire incidences were experienced in Subic for the past five (5) years, the barangays with
the highest number of occurrences are Mangan-vaca with six (6) occurrences, followed by Cawag and
San Isidro with four (4) occurrences each.
152
Table 100: Fire Incidences, 2018-2022
Frequency of Occurrence
Barangay Origin / Cause Total
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Open flame from unattended lighted candle/
open flame from cooking (lpg/ gas stove,
firewood)/ overheated home appliances/
Mangan-vaca 1 1 1 3 6
flying ember/ alipato/ electrical ignition
caused by loosed connection / lpg explosion
caused by defective stove
Ignation of materials from ember/ flying

ember or alipato/ overheated electrical
Cawag 4 4
appliance/ open flame from farmland/
agricultural land clearing operation
Magnified/ amplified sun rays/ smoking
San Isidro (lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe)/ open flame 1 3 4
from kaingin (slash and burn)/ electrical
Unattended lighted candle/ electrical ignitio
Calapacuan 1 1 2
caused by overloading
Open flam from rubbish fire/ bonfire to
Matain structural fire/ open flame from rubbish fire/ 1 1 2
bonfire to structural fire
electrical ignition due to pinched wire/ open
Wawandue 1 1 2
flame from cooking (lpg/ gas stove, firewood)
Children playing with matchsticks or lighter/
Sto. Tomas 2 2
electrical ignition due to pinched wire
Open flame from unattended lighted candle /
Calapandayan 1 1
children playing matchstick or lighter
Ilwas Overheated electric fan ans spark 1 1
Aningway-Sacatihan Other causes of fire incident 1 1
Naugsol magnified/ umplified sunrays 1 1
Asinan-Proper electrical ignition due to pinched wire 1 1
Total 1 3 4 8 11 27
Source: Bureau of Fire Protection Subic
Crime Incidence
Subic is a peaceful municipality as evidenced by the low crime rate equivalent to 53 crimes per 100,000
population. This means that there are only around 4 incidents of crime monthly.
153
Table 101: Victims of Crime, 2023
Victims of Crime
Barangay Population 2023
Number Proportion (%)
Aningway Sacatihan 6,359 2 0.03
Asinan Poblacion 1,439 - 0.00
Asinan Proper 9,324 4 0.04
Baraca-Camachile 4,268 2 0.04
Batiawan 1,555 - 0.00
Calapacuan 16,982 20 0.12
Calapandayan 11,495 3 0.03
Cawag 18,939 19 0.10
Ilwas 3,829 3 0.07
Mangan-Vaca 13,718 - 0.00
Matain 9,822 - 0
Naugsol 3,210 - 0
Pamatawan 5,094 11 0.22
San Isidro 9,340 2 0.02
Santo Tomas 6,506 - 0.00
Wawandue 2,481 - 0.00
Total 124,359 66 0.05
Crime Rate 52.96
Notes:
1. 2023 population is computed based on the Philippine Statistics Authority 2015 Census of Population
2. The number of crime victims is computed based on the proportion (%) of crime victims in CBMS 2017-2018
Current and Projected Requirement
The current policeman to population ratio is 1 policeman per 4,738 population, which does not meet the
minimum requirement of 1 policeman per 1,000 population. The current number of policemen is not
sufficient in handling the current estimated population of Subic and there is a current need of 105 more
policemen to efficiently carry on their services to Subic constituents.
Likewise, the fireman to population ratio is 1 fireman per 7,370 population, which is still short of the
minimum requirement of 1 fireman per 2,000 population.
Table 102: Projected Requirement for Police and Fire Personnel and Facilities
2023 Projected Population and Required No. of Personnel and Facilities
Type Minimum Requirement
No. Ratio Req't Deficit 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034
Population 132,663 136,635 140,727 144,941 149,281 153,751 158,355 163,096 167,980 173,010 178,191 183,526
Police Force
Policeman 1 per 1,000 population 28 4,738 133 105 137 141 145 149 154 158 163 168 173 178 184
Lot Area (sq.m.) 2,500 288 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Fire Force
Fireman 1 per 2,000 population 18 7,370 66 48 68 70 72 75 77 79 82 84 87 89 92
Fire Truck 1 per 28,000 population 1 132,663 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7
Notes:
1. Populations are projections based on the Philippine Statistics Authority 2015 Census of Population
2. Number of policeman and lot area are sourced from the Subic Municipal Police Station
3. Number of fireman and fire truck are sourced from the Bureau of Fire Protection Subic
4. Minimum requirements are based on the CLUP Guidebook Volume 2, pp.318-319
Notes:
PagePopulations
invalid are
without thebased
projections sealonof
theEn.P. PRC
Philippine No. Authority
Statistics 450, Republic Act No. 10587 Section 5.(d) expert witness.
2015 POPCEN
Number of policeman and lot area are sourced from the Subic Municipal Police Station
Number of fireman and fire truck are sourced from the Bureau of Fire Protection Subic
Minimum requirements are based on the CLUP Guidebook Volume 2, pp.318-319
154
Sports and Recreations
Sports and Recreation Facilities
Each of the sixteen (16) barangays in Subic has at least one (1) basketball court which provides for the
recreational needs of the residents. The Subic Sports Complex, which was established in 2022, aims
to provide a perfect venue for sports and recreational facilities to the public. The Subic Wellness Park,
a DPWH-funded project, which is currently under construction and located in Wawandue, will serve as
a family wellness park that is accessible to the public.
Current and Projected Needs
The minimum standard for a municipal park is 500 square meters per 1,000 population. Subic Park has
an area of around 9,000 square meters, which would only serve around 18,000 population. Following
the minimum standard for municipal park, presented in Table 103 are the area requirements for
municipal park.
Table 103: Area Requirement for Municipal Park

Year Projected Population Area requirement (sq.m.)
2023 132,663 57,331
2024 136,635 59,318
2025 140,727 61,363
2026 144,941 63,470
2027 149,281 65,640
2028 153,751 67,875
2029 158,355 70,177
2030 163,096 72,548
2031 167,980 74,990
2032 173,010 77,505
2033 178,191 80,095
2034 183,526 82,763
Note: The land area of Subic Wellness Park has already been deducted in the area requirement
155
156
Chapter 5
Economic Sector
Agriculture
Subic has seven (7) agricultural barangays, which include Aningway-Sacatihan, Batiawan, Cawag,
Mangan-vaca, Naugsol, Pamatawan, and San Isidro. Presently, agricultural land comprises 2,994.43
hectares or 11.74% of Subic land area (Figure 146).
Figure 146: 2014-2024 General Land Use Map

Agricultural Production
Crop production
Out of the Subic’s agricultural land area of 2,994.43 hectares, 2,104.10 hectares or 70.27% are
devoted for crop production. Generally, the areas planted with permanent/commercial crops consist of
1,250 hectares while the areas planted with temporary/field crops comprise 854.10 hectares (Figure
147).
157
Figure 147: Land Area Devoted to
Agricultural Crops, 2023
Permanent crops, which are

composed of fruit trees, are grown
in 1,250 hectares or 4.90% of the
total land area of Subic. The
largest land areas are devoted to
mango (468 hectares), cashew
(90 hectares), and coconut (63
hectares). Other permanent
crops include cacao (37
hectares), guyabano (30
hectares), coffee (25 hectares),
calamansi (20 hectares), papaya
(20 hectares), guava/guapple (10
hectares), jackfruit (10 hectares), and santol (1 hectare) (Figure 148).
Figure 148: Land Area Devoted to Permanent Crops, 2023
On the other hand, temporary crops are grown in 854.10 hectares or 3.35% of the Subic land area.
The largest area is devoted to rice (516.90 hectares) followed by areas planted with vegetables (125.20
hectares) and species (106 hectares). Other temporary crops are root crops (83 hectares) and corn (23
hectares) (Figure 149).
158
Figure 149: Land Area Devoted to Temporary Crops, 2023
Table 104: Major Crops by Area and Annual Production, 2023

Area
Annual
Major Crop %
hectare Production (MT)
Utilization
TEMPORARY
854.10 3.35 4,348.44
CROPS
1. Rice 516.90 2.03 2,238.44
Irrigated 267.10 1.05 1,163.44
Rainfed 249.80 0.98 1,075.00
Upland 0.00 0.00 0.00
2. Corn 23.00 0.09 115.20
Yellow 15.00 0.06 84.00
Green/ White 8.00 0.03 31.20
3. Vegetables 125.20 0.49 1,459.70
Fruit Vegetables 74.20 0.29 1,303.00
Eggplant 14.50 0.06 69.60
Tomato 8.20 0.03 36.90
Ampalaya 13.00 0.05 104.00
Upo 12.00 0.05 900.00
Squash 11.00 0.04 132.00
Patola 5.00 0.02 6.50
Watermelon 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cucumber 3.00 0.01 9.00
Melon 0.00 0.00 0.00
Okra 7.50 0.03 45.00
Leafy Vegetables 8.00 0.03 28.00
Pechay 5.00 0.02 17.50
Mustard 2.00 0.01 7.00
Kangkong 1.00 0.00 3.50
Legumes 43.00 0.17 128.70
159
Area
Annual
Major Crop %
hectare Production (MT)
Utilization
Mungbean 15.00 0.06 13.50
Peanut 3.00 0.01 2.70
Bush Sitao 10.00 0.04 45.00
Pole Sitao 15.00 0.06 67.50
4. Root Crops 83.00 0.33 477.50
Cassava 30.00 0.12 180.00
Sweetpotato 30.00 0.12 195.00
Turnips 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ube 8.00 0.03 40.00
Gabi 10.00 0.04 45.00
Arrowroot 5.00 0.02 17.50
Radish 0.00 0.00 0.00
5. Species 106.00 0.42 57.60
Onion 1.00 0.00 5.00
Garlic 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ginger 1.00 0.00 3.80
Cayene 8.00 0.03 36.80
Banana 94.00 0.37 0.00
Dragon Fruit 2.00 0.01 12.00
PERMANENT
1,250.00 4.90 3,517.20
CROPS
Mango 468.00 1.83 2,808.00
Carabao 476.00 1.87 0.00
Piko 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.00 0.00 0.00
Coconut 63.00 0.25 0.00
Cacao 37.00 0.15 0.00
Coffee 25.00 0.10 0.00
Calamansi 20.00 0.08 90.00
Papaya 20.00 0.08 200.00
Guyabano 30.00 0.12 210.00
Cashew 90.00 0.35 61.20
Guava/Guapple 10.00 0.04 60.00
Chico 0.00 0.00 0.00
Santol 1.00 0.00 8.00
Jackfruit 10.00 0.04 80.00
Atis 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rambutan 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tamarind 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 2,104.10 7,865.64
Subic Land Area 25,506.01 8.25
Agricultural Land
70.27
Area 2,994.43
Source: Municipal Agriculture Office Municipal Profile 2023
160
Livestock and Poultry
Table 105: Livestock and Poultry Farms, 2023
A three-hectare land is devoted to No. of Production No. of
Type
livestock and poultry production for Heads Classification Raisers
commercial purposes (MAO, 2023). Livestock 4,673 1,254
Out of the 11,851 total number of Swine 3,051 Commercial 759
raisers, 10,597 are raising poultry Native Pig 743 Commercial 51
(89.42%) while the remaining 1,254 Goat 301 Commercial 70
(10.58%) are raising livestock (Table Carabao 271 Commercial 185
105). Livestock production accounts to Cattle 243 Commercial 182
4,673 heads, being swine has the Sheep 57 Commercial 7
Horse 7 Commercial 4
largest share (3,051 heads) followed
Poultry 96,313 10,597
by the native pig (743 heads) and goat
Layers 60,000 Commercial 1
(301 heads) (Figure 150). Similarly,
Pigeon 18,991 Commercial 3,228
poultry production accounts to a total of
Gamefowl 8,210 Commercial 5,212
96,313 heads, wherein 60,000 heads
Native Chicken 3,012 Commercial 2,029
represent the commercial layers 2,774 Commercial 4
Muscovy Duck
followed by 18,991 heads of pigeon Quail 2,000 Commercial 2
and 8,210 heads of game fowl (Figure Rabbit 589 Commercial 31
151). The municipal slaughterhouse is Mallard Duck 521 Commercial 67
located in Calapacuan. Turkey 201 Commercial 19
S
Goose 15 Commercial 4
Total 100,986 11,851
Source: Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) Municipal Profile 2023
Figure 150: Number of Heads Produced in Livestock

Farms, 2023
Figure 151: Number of Heads Produced in Poultry Farms,

2023
161
Fisheries and Aquaculture
Subic Bay is the main fishing ground of fishermen from all coastal barangays of Subic. They are
benefitted by the Municipal Fishport and the ice plant and cold storage facilities. Aside from marine
fishing grounds, Subic has 57 hectares of fishpond, mostly are brackish water fishpond.
Table 106: Existing Fishing Grounds and Aquaculture Production, 2023

Production Post-Harvest Facilities Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Area Product
Fishing Grounds Barangay Volume
(ha.) Value Type No. Capacity Status Market Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su Others
(mt)
Marine
Subic Bay Baraca-Camachile, Fish port 1 8.13 O Local H H H H
Calapacuan,
Calapandayan,
Ice Plant
Cawag, Matain &
and Cold
Wawandue
Storage 1 O H H H H
Inland
Freshwater fishpond 1.50 Local
Brackishwater fishpond 56.14 Local
Support Systems
Physical Infrastructure
Four types of irrigation facilities are established in agricultural barangays – one (1) National Irrigation
System (NIS) in Pamatawan, one (1) Community Irrigation System (CIS) in Mangan-vaca, one (1)
Solar-Powered Fertigation System (SPFS) in Naugsol, and sixty-two (62) Small Scale Irrigation Projects
(SSIP). The twenty-six (26) SSIPs are owned by private entities while the rest of the irrigation facilities
are government-owned. These facilities serve an approximate agricultural area of 194.20 hectares.
Table 107: Irrigation System, 2023

Capacity of
Area
Type of No. of Irrigation
Irrigation System Served
Ownership Units System
(ha)
(m³/day)
1. National Irrigation System (NIS) Public 1 20.2
2. Community Irrigation System (CIS) Public 1 11.0
3. Small Scale Irrigation Projects
(SSIP)
Shallow Tube Well (STW)/ Open
Source Pump (OSP) from DA/ NIA/ Public 36 90
DAR/ LGU
Shallow Tube Well (STW)/ Open
Private 26 65
Source Pump (OSP)
4. Solar-Powered Fertigation System
Public 1 8.00
(SPFS)
Total 65 194.20
A total of 61 farmers are being benefitted by the 19 units of agricultural facilities, which are mostly
government-owned while 52 farmers are being benefitted by the 70 units of farm
equipment/machineries, of which 29 units are government-owned and 41 units are privately-owned
(Table 108).
162
Table 108: Agricultural Facilities and Services
Government Private
Facilities and Services No. of No. of Farmers/ No. of No. of Farmers/
Units Coop/Association Units Coop/Association
Facilities 17 61 3 0
Cold Storage 1
Greenhouse 1 1
Mini Warehouse 1 45
Multi-purpose Drying Pavement (MPDP) 6 6
Palay Shed 6 6
Plant Nursery (Net House) 2 2
Processing Plant 2
Warehouse 1 1
Equipment/Farm Machineries 29 22 41 30
4 Wheel Tractor (90 hp) 2 2 4 3
Cassava Granulator 1 1
Combine Harvester 1 1 1 1
Hand Tractor 12 6 30 20
Mini 4 Wheel Tractor (60 hp) 6 5 1 1
Power Sprayer 4 4
Rice Reaper 1 1 1 1
Rice/Corn Thresher 1 1
Riding Type 1 1
Shredder 3 3
Walk Behind 1 1
Total 46 83 44 30
Strategic Agriculture and Fishery Development Zones (SAFDZs)
The Republic Act No. 8435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) mandates the
LGUs to delineate within their locality Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Development Zones or
SAFDZs. These SAFDZs are intended for agriculture and agri-industrial development and are
designated for production, agro-processing and marketing purposes to help develop and modernize,
with LGU support, the agriculture and fisheries sectors in an environmentally and socio-culturally sound
manner. In this connection, the Sangguniang Bayan of Subic passed Resolution No. 90 on August 19,
1999 strongly adopting the SAFDZ Map of Subic in pursuance with RA 8435. Based on the approved
classifications adopted, the SAFDZ encompasses 26.80% of the total land area of Subic.
Comparatively, the built-up area is only about 10.12%, while the watershed area comprises 18.19%.
163
Figure 152: SAFDZ Map, 1999
Table 109: SAFDZ Areas, 1999

Type of SAFDZ/Land Use Barangay Area (ha.) Share (%)
Batiawan
Watershed Cawag 4,618.15 18.19
Pamatawan
Military Reservation Cawag 2,904.13 11.44
AsinanProper
Batiawan
Calapacuan
Calapandayan
Sto. Tomas
High Value Crops 2,785.87 10.97
San Isidro
Naugsol
Mangan-vaca
Aningway-
Sacatihan
Asinan Poblacion
Baraca-Camachile
Wawandue
Aningway-Sacatihan
Built-Up Area 2,569.23 10.12
Ilwas
Matain
Cawag
Asinan Proper
164
Type of SAFDZ/Land Use Barangay Area (ha.) Share (%)
Mangan-vaca
Pamatawan
Calapandayan
Pamatawan
Batiawan
Naugsol
Agro-Industrial Crops 2,336.92 9.20
Mangan-vaca
Aningway-
Sacatihan
Cawag
Naugsol
Mangan-vaca
Food Crops Aningway- 1,303.58 5.13
Sacatihan
Pamatawan
Asinan Proper
Cawag
Fishery Asinan Proper 331.20 1.30
Mangan-vaca
Pasture Area Batiawan 47.50 0.19
Residential Area Cawag 21.38 0.08
No Data 8,473.70 33.37
Total Subic Area 25,391.66 100.00
Total SAFDZ Area 6,805.07 26.80
Source: Municipal Agriculture Office, 1999
Forestry
Forestlands
Data on forestlands are discussed in page 15. However, there is a need for further coordination with
CENRO-Olongapo regarding the current data on forestry as there are forest activities being practiced
by the beneficiaries of forest tenurial agreements, particularly in Naugsol and Batiawan.
Commerce and Trade
Business Establishments
Strip commercial development is evident in the locality with the presence of commercial establishments
along the National Road and the major and secondary arterial transportation network. The public
market could be considered the influencing factor in the concentration of commercial activities within its
periphery. Other commercial activities concentrate in the southern portion of the Municipality, mainly
due to the presence of the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA). The service sector could be
considered a growing sector with canteens, bars, nightclubs and other service establishments such as
motor repair shops, barbershops, and beauty parlors proliferating in the area (Nanusci).
Establishments inside and near the public market are mostly engaged in wholesale and retail activities,
establishments along the national highway, on the other hand, are mostly service-oriented, while there
are a few establishments that are engaged in banking and finance activities.
165
Table 110: Number of Business Establishments per Barangay, 2017-
2021
A symmetric distribution of the Number of Business Establishments
number of establishments in Subic Barangay
has been observed for the period 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
2017-2021 (Figure 153). The years Aningway-Sacatihan 32 24 22 22 38
2017 and 2021 recorded the highest Asinan Proper 42 23 21 28 11
number of establishments while year Asinan Poblacion 14 9 13 16 17
2019 suffered a decline of about 630
Baraca-Camachile 633 455 296 334 440
establishments from the 1,535
establishments in 2017 to 905 Calapacuan 123 70 75 98 116
establishments in 2019. This figure Calapandayan 123 82 80 88 115
was highly affected by the onset of the Cawag 129 85 64 54 60
Covid-19 pandemic in 2019. Ilwas 56 32 46 60 74
Fortunately, in 2020 and 2021,
Mangan-vaca 117 69 85 128 178
businesses in Subic are gradually
recovering from economic recession Matain 72 52 44 59 72
as evidenced by an increase of 436 Naugsol 4 2 2 3 4
establishments from 905 in 2019 to Pamatawan 41 36 34 45 56
1,341 in 2021. Hence, the average San Isidro 36 25 28 32 40
rate of decrease in the number of
Sto. Tomas 93 76 82 98 111
establishments from 2017-2021 is
computed at 13 establishments per Wawandue 20 15 13 11 9
year. Total 1,535 1,055 905 1,076 1,341
Source: Business Permit and Licensing Office Mayor’s Permit 2017-2021
Figure 153: Number of Business

Establishments, 2017-2021
Commercial Activities
Source: Business Permit and Licensing Office
Presented in Table 111 are the number
of establishments and employment per
economic activities in Central Luzon and
Subic. Subic data was computed based
on the Central Luzon available data in
2018 and 2021.
A considerable increase of around 46% in the number of establishments in Subic was observed in the
wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycle from 396 establishments in 2018 to
735 establishments in 2021. This phenomenon has a parallel effect in the number of employment
generated by this economic activity from 13,619 in 2018 to 25,543 in 2021, which represents a 47%
increase. The number of manufacturing establishments has also increased from 127 to 192, and the
accommodation and food service establishments from 170 to 182.
Similarly, a constant increase in the number of establishments and employment were also observed in
transportation and storage (3 in establishments and 338 in employment); human health and social work
(2 in establishments and 446 in employment); arts, entertainment, and recreation (1 in establishment
and 209 in employment); and information and communication (3 in establishment and 48 in
employment). Although the number of establishments in real estate activities and mining and quarrying
166
remained the same, these economic activities recorded an increase of 719 and 13 employments,
respectively.
Meanwhile, a sudden decrease in the number of establishments was noted in financial and insurance
activities from 135 in 2018 to 61 in 2021, which is equivalent to a decline of 122%. In terms of
employment, the administrative and support service activities registered the largest decline of 43%, a
decrease of 2,639 employments from 8,842 in 2018 to 6,203 in 2021. The economic activities that
suffered both a decline in the number of establishments and employment include those that engaged in
education (-42 in establishments and -2008 in employment); construction (-3 in establishments and
-586 in employment); and water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation (-4 in
establishments and -3 in employment).
Table 111: Number of Establishments and Employment by Economic Activities, 2018 and 2021
2018 2021
Increase/Decrease
No. of Establishments No. of Employment No. of Establishments No. of Employment
Economic Activities
Central Central Central Central Establish Employm
Rate Subic Rate Subic Rate Subic Rate Subic
Luzon Luzon Luzon Luzon ments ent
Accommodation and
4,544 16.16% 170 62,541 10.28% 7,598 17,347 13.56% 182 76,607 9.25% 7,467 -2.60% -1.03%
Food Service
Transportation and
243 0.86% 9 11,384 1.87% 1,383 1,118 0.87% 12 17,656 2.13% 1,721 0.01% 0.26%
Storage
Real Estate Activities 383 1.36% 14 4,835 0.79% 587 1,360 1.06% 14 13,405 1.62% 1,307 -0.30% 0.82%
Education 1,540 5.48% 58 43,172 7.10% 5,245 1,549 1.21% 16 33,204 4.01% 3,237 -4.27% -3.09%
Human Health and
1,062 3.78% 40 19,546 3.21% 2,375 4,004 3.13% 42 28,939 3.49% 2,821 -0.65% 0.28%
Social Work
Arts, Entertainment
and Recreation 386 1.37% 14 7,030 1.16% 854 1,497 1.17% 16 10,909 1.32% 1,063 -0.20% 0.16%
Financial and
Insurance Activities 3,604 12.82% 135 24,773 4.07% 3,010 5,818 4.55% 61 33,272 4.02% 3,243 -8.27% -0.06%
Construction 212 0.75% 8 17,709 2.91% 2,151 425 0.33% 4 16,060 1.94% 1,565 -0.42% -0.97%
Water Supply;
Sewerage, Waste
177 0.63% 7 5,124 0.84% 622 254 0.20% 3 6,356 0.77% 620 -0.43% -0.07%
Management and
Remediation
Administrative and
Support Service 597 2.12% 22 72,784 11.97% 8,842 1,433 1.12% 15 63,633 7.68% 6,203 -1.00% -4.28%
Activities
Electricity, Gas,
Steam and Air 46 0.16% 2 5,928 0.97% 720 162 0.13% 2 7,353 0.89% 717 -0.04% -0.09%
Conditioning Supply
Information and
278 0.99% 10 4,525 0.74% 550 1,294 1.01% 14 6,132 0.74% 598 0.02% 0.00%
Communication
Manufacturing 3,388 12.05% 127 197,866 32.53% 24,038 18,360 14.35% 192 225,095 27.18% 21,942 2.30% -5.35%
Wholesale and Retail
Trade; Repair of
10,554 37.53% 396 112,104 18.43% 13,619 70,126 54.81% 735 262,040 31.64% 25,543 17.28% 13.21%
Motor Vehicles and
Motorcycles
Professional,
Scientific and 495 1.76% 19 4,655 0.77% 566 1,621 1.27% 17 6,620 0.80% 645 -0.49% 0.03%
Technical Activities
Mining and Quarrying 26 0.09% 1 1,138 0.19% 138 68 0.05% 1 1,553 0.19% 151 -0.04% 0.00%
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing 586 2.08% 22 13,063 2.15% 1,587 1,510 1.18% 16 19,289 2.33% 1,880 -0.90% 0.18%
TOTAL 28,121 100.00% 1,055 608,177 100.00% 73,885 127,946 100.00% 1,341 828,123 100.00% 80,723
Sources:
1. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Census of Philippine Business and Industry 2018 & 2021 (Central Luzon data)
2. Business Permit and Licensing Office (Subic data on total number of establishments in 2018 and 2021)
Notes:
1. Total numbers of employment in Subic in 2018 and 2021 are computed based on the percentage of employed in Table 57
2. Number of establishments and number of employment in Subic per economic activities are computed based on the
Central Luzon percentages
167
In 2018 and 2021, the top 4 economic activities in terms of the number of commercial establishments
are those engaged in the wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (735),
manufacturing (192), and accommodation and food service (182). (Figure 154).
Figure 154: Number of Commercial Establishments by Economic Activities, 2018 & 2021
In 2021, the top 4 economic activities that generated the highest number of employment are those
engaged in wholesale, and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (13,619);
manufacturing (21,942); accommodation and food service (7,467); and administrative and support
service activities (6,203) (Figure 155).
168
Figure 155: Number of Employment in Commercial Establishments, 2018 & 2021
The town’s revenue on business and trade were identified based on the PSA’s Central Luzon data
captured from the 2018 Census of Philippine Business and Industry. Out of the Subic revenue from
businesses (Business Tax) in 2018 of about Php27.4M, the highest revenue was collected from
manufacturing establishments comprising around 40% or almost Php11.3M and from the wholesale and
retail trade, and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles amounting to Php8.6M or about 32% of the
total business tax. These figures were supported by the fact that these types of businesses have the
highest recorded number of employment in 2018. Conversely, although the number of employment in
electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply has declined, it ranked third in terms of the revenue it
generated (Php1.7M).
169
Table 112: Number of Employment and Revenue on Business and Trade, 2018
No. of Revenue
Type/Classification/Kind of
Employment Central Luzon Subic
Business and Trade
2018 Amount % Amount
Manufacturing 24,038 940,512,849,000.00 41.47 11,346,338.75
Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair
13,619 715,485,001,000.00 31.55 8,631,604.76
of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air
720 143,097,586,000.00 6.31 1,726,328.02
Conditioning Supply
Accommodation and Food 7,598 102,045,984,000.00 4.50 1,231,081.85
Administrative and Support Service 8,842 70,340,719,000.00 3.10 848,589.82
Activities
Financial and Insurance Activities 3,010 66,576,631,000.00 2.94 803,179.89
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 1,587 48,918,188,000.00 2.16 590,148.59
Construction 2,151 43,839,763,000.00 1.93 528,882.52
Real Estate Activities 587 31,032,926,000.00 1.37 374,380.95
Transportation and Storage 1,383 24,596,848,000.00 1.08 296,736.16
Education 5,245 18,723,971,000.00 0.83 225,885.82
Human Health and Social Work 2,375 17,132,631,000.00 0.76 206,687.91
Information and Communication 550 15,872,684,000.00 0.70 191,487.92
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 854 11,754,741,000.00 0.52 141,809.09
Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste
622 11,194,366,000.00 0.49 135,048.73
Management and Remediation
Professional, Scientific and
566 4,205,596,000.00 0.19 50,736.27
Technical Activities
Mining and Quarrying 138 2,443,217,000.00 0.11 29,474.95
TOTAL 73,885 2,267,773,701,000.00 100.00 27,358,402.00
Sources:
1. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Census of Philippine Business and Industry 2018 (Central Luzon revenue per
type/classification/kind of business and trade
2. COA Audit Report 2018 (Business Tax)
Note: Amounts of Subic revenue per economic activities are computed based on the Central Luzon percentages.
Sources:
1. Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Census of Philippine Business and Industry 2018
(https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/census/business-and-
industry/index?fbclid=IwAR2M3GRNt1jeXDse7CINRcwAHWtvQnBpDwHHVz8l9phV3h9uDps
PgmoE2p0)
2. COA Audit Report 2018 (Business Tax)
Note:
1. Amount of Subic revenue per economic activities are computed based on the Central
Luzon percentages.
170
Figure 156: Revenue from Commercial Establishments by Economic Activities, 2018
Industry
Industrial Development Trend
Keppel Subic Shipyard (former names are: Subic Shipyard and Engineering Inc. and Philippine
Shipyard and Engineering Corporation – PHILSECO), an industry engaged in ship repair, conversion
and fabrication services since 1982 (Keppel, n.d.) is considered to be the town’s major export-oriented
industry. It is located in the Subic Shipyard Economic Zone (Proclamation No. 1554, s. 2008) at
Cabangaan Point, Cawag.
171
Figure 157: Keppel Subic Shipyard
Source: [image] https://www.keppelom.com/our-businesses/marine/keppel-philippines-marine/keppel-subic-shipyard/
Another shipyard, the Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction-Philippines, Inc. (HHIC-PHIL) started
its operation in 2006 at the 300-hectare land in Zambales (portions of Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority
and Barangay Cawag in Subic), which employed around 20,000-30,000 workers but ceased its
operation in early 2019 (Sicat, 2019; Venzon, 2022)
Figure 158: Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction-Philippines, Inc. (HHIC-PHIL)

Source: [image] Nikkei Asia (2022). Retrieved at https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Cerberus-to-take-over-
Subic-Bay-shipyard-near-South-China-Sea
172
The Nanusci, Inc., a leading manufacturing
company of healthcare, nutraceutical and food
supplements established in 2007, serves both
export and local healthcare product manufacturing
markets. It has a 15-hectare Spirulina farm and
produces over 30 metric tons of dry spirulina
powder extract annually (Nanusci).
Figure 159. Nanusci, Inc.

Source: [Image] Nanusci.com
Industry Classification
Based on the PSA survey, the total number of establishments from 2015-2017 remained at an average
of 708 while it experienced a decline of about 37% from 709 in 2017 to 452 in 2019 (Table 113).
By Employment Size
As of 2019, a total of 405 establishments were categorized as micro industries, 43 as small industries, 1
as medium industry, and 3 as large industries.
Micro industries constitute 89%-92% of the total establishments. Meanwhile, Subic has six (6) large
industries in 2015 but has reduced to three (3) in 2019.
Table 113: Number of Establishments by Employment Size

Micro Small Medium Large
Year TOTAL
(1-9 total employees) (10-99 total employees) (100-199 total employees) (200 and over total employees)
2015 651 46 3 6 706
2016 652 50 4 3 709
2017 655 49 2 3 709
2018 401 49 1 2 453
2019 405 43 1 3 452
Average 553 47 2 3 606
Source: Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Number of Establishments by City/Municipality and Employment
Groupings (MSME), Philippines: 2015-2019 LE retrieved at
https://onedrive.live.com/edit.aspx?resid=9CD3CF10466EFD3A!1640&ithint=file%2Cxlsx&authkey=!AHhicsAgoFjxveA&fbcli
d=IwAR2uFyIum4bl5JPIc09p9NTd4t1Wr3athEaCh1wFoegnFu2WPYIv6lxUly4
Note: Industry Classification according to employment sized is sourced from the Department of Trade and Industry/NEDA
By Degree of Hazard and Pollution
As of 2021, Subic has twelve (12) light industries which are generally composed of bakeries/bakeshops
and are classified as non-pollutive/non-hazardous due to the emission of little or negligible amounts of
pollutants. The seven (7) medium industries which are composed of paint centers and beverage
manufacturing are further classified as pollutive/hazardous and highly pollutive/non-hazardous,
respectively. Heavy industries comprised twenty-seven (27) industries – 26 are classified non-
pollutive/extremely hazardous (gas stations/LPG retailers/oxygen or acetylene supplier while one (1)
industry is highly pollutive/non-hazardous (food supplements manufacturing).
173
Table 114: Industry Classification According to Degree of Hazard and Pollution
Name of Business Type of Business Location Industry Classification
J'S Bakery Bakery Baraca-Camachille Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Mr. Jr Baker Bakeshop Baraca-Camachille Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Mercedita's
Bakeshop Baraca-Camachille Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Bakeshop
Sweet Tooth
Bakeshop Baraca-Camachille Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Corporation
Rose-Liezel Bakery
Bakery Baraca-Camachille Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Products
ARJ Food Aningway-
Bakeshop Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Corporation Sacatihan
Resam's Malunggay
Bakery Ilwas Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Pandesal
Aling Flor Bakery Bakery Calapandayan Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Resam's Malunggay
Bakery Sto. Tomas Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Pandesal
Nhoy Bakery Bakery Matain Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Calapacuan Bakery Bakery Calapacuan Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
Hafizah Bakery Bakery Calapacuan Light Non-pollutive/Non-hazardous
J-One Paint Center
Paint Center And
And General Calapandayan Medium Pollutive/Hazardous
Gen. Merchandise
Merchandise
Rodbojz Paint
Center And General Paint Center Calapandayan Medium Pollutive/Hazardous
Merchandise
Manufacture of
PMFTC Inc. Matain Medium Pollutive/Hazardous
Cigarettes
RDJ Rich Paint
Retail of Paints Matain Medium Pollutive/Hazardous
Center
BJ Roof and Metal Retail Paints &
Calapacuan Medium Pollutive/Hazardous
Fabrication Glass
Zophia Lyke Tarpaulin Printing
Matain Medium Pollutive/Hazardous
Graphics Design &T-Shirt Printing
Coca-Cola
Manufacturer/
Beverages Calapacuan Medium Highly pollutive/Non-hazardous
Dealer
Philippines, Inc.
Agra Gas Industrial Non-pollutive/Extremely
Gas Station Baraca-Camachille Heavy
Company Inc. hazardous
Agra Gas Industrial Non-pollutive/Extremely
Gas Station Baraca-Camachille Heavy
Company Inc. hazardous
Non-pollutive/Extemely
LPG Store Asinan Poblacion Heavy
hazardous
Aningway- Non-pollutive/Extremely
Lea Store LPG Retailer Heavy
Sacatihan hazardous
SiX Cababaro-
Aningway- Non-pollutive/Extremely
Antonio Gasoline Gasoline Station Heavy
Sacatihan hazardous
Station
Non-pollutive/Extremely
TGP Gas Station LPG Gas Retailer Ilwas Heavy
hazardous
One-Petrol Corp. Gasoline Station Ilwas Heavy
hazardous
Ka-Weng Gaz Hauz LPG Retailer Ilwas Heavy
hazardous
174
Name of Business Type of Business Location Industry Classification
Petroleum
Distribution
Big Fortune Non-pollutive/Extremely
Retail/Lubes & Ilwas Heavy
Commercial Inc. hazardous
Service Center for
Cars &Trucks
Manufacturing of
Nanusci Inc. Cawag Heavy Highly pollutive/Non-hazardous
Food Supplements
Oxygen & Non-pollutive/Extremely
DXE Marketing Cawag Heavy
Acetylene Supplier hazardous
Olongapo Gas Non-pollutive/Extremely
LPG Delivery Cawag-Keppel Heavy
Corporation hazardous
Mermaida LPG Non-pollutive/Extremely
LPG Store Mangan-Vaca Heavy
Store hazardous
Treasure Island Non-pollutive/Extremely
Gasoline Station Calapandayan Heavy
Subic Shell Station hazardous
KT Maki Enterprise LPG Dealer Calapandayan Heavy
hazardous
Almares LPG Non-pollutive/Extremely
LPG Retailer Calapandayan Heavy
Retailer hazardous
Republic Gas Non-pollutive/Extremely
LPG Retailer Calapandayan Heavy
Corporation hazardous
Lucky Marie Log Non-pollutive/Extremely
LPG Trading Calapandayan Heavy
Trading hazardous
Magasco LPG Shop LPG Shop Calapandayan Heavy
hazardous
Gasoline Station &
Starport Gas Non-pollutive/Extremely
Retail Of LPG and Calapandayan Heavy
Service Station hazardous
Other Fuel
Jem Gas Trading Gas Trading Calapandayan Heavy
hazardous
Chocs Gas LPG Sto. Tomas Heavy
hazardous
Trading-
Handog Industrial
Wholesaler, Non-pollutive/Extremely
Gases Distributors, Sto. Tomas Heavy
Retailer Medical hazardous
Inc.
Industrial Oxygen
PP2 LPG Store LPG Store Sto. Tomas Heavy
hazardous
Arccon Refilling Non-pollutive/Extremely
Gas Station Matain Heavy
Station hazardous
Five DDM'S Non-pollutive/Extremely
Gas Station Calapacuan Heavy
Petroleum Station hazardous
Del's Gas Center LPG Gas Dealer Calapacuan Heavy
hazardous
Note: Industry classifications by degree of hazards are classified based on the Mayor’s Permit issued on 2022 provided by
the Business Permit and Licensing Office. Industry classifications are based on the CLUP Guidebook Volume 2, pp. 369-
371
175
Tourism
Existing Tourist Attractions
Subic has long been recognized as a tourist destination area with the presence of its beach resorts and
accommodation facilities (Table 115).
Located in a green setting in the middle of Subic, Club Morocco Resort and Country Club is a place of calm and relaxation. The
resort offers a full range of services for your comfort by combining traditional Filipino expertise and Moroccan inspired
culture. Club Morocco Resort and Country Club is distinguished by an excellent and customized service. This luxury resort
has a style accompanied with the necessary warmth for those who wish to live the “Moroccan” style.
Figure 160: Club Morocco Beach Resort and Residential Estates (Cawag)
Source: https://www.clubmoroccosubic.com
Whiterock Beach Hotel and Waterpark located in Matain is an 11-hectare one-stop vacation stop for all featuring various
recreational facilities such as waterpark (swimming pools, wave pools and slides), water sports such as jetski, banana boat,
UFO couch, and banca ride/fishing), inflatable waterpark, and extreme adventure (activity camp).
Figure 161: White Rock Beach Hotel and Waterpark
Source: https://www.whiterock.com.ph/
176
These are the nine (9) hotels, three (3) inland resorts, four (4) beach resorts, one (1) lodge, and one (1)
apartelle – all accessible by land transportation. These establishments can accommodate a total of
about 2,000 visitors in 435 rooms. Nine (9) of these tourism accommodation facilities are accredited by
the Department of Tourism (DOT). These so-called “primary tourism enterprises” or those facilities and
services directly related to tourism are periodically required to obtain accreditation from DOT to ensure
the quality of its facilities and services (DOT, n.d.). Other primary tourism enterprises include travel and
tour services; tourist transport operators; meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE);
adventure/sports and ecotourism facilities; and tourism frontliner (DOT, n.d.).
Table 115: Tourism Accommodation Establishments

Total Capacity Nature of
Name of Accommodation Type of
No. Address No. of No. of Establishment
Establishment Accreditation
Rooms Pax s
HOTEL
1 Whiterock Waterpark & Beach Hotel Matain 204 1,116 DOT Accredited Hotel
0202 Purok 6 National Hi-way,
2 Korea III Hotel 12 28 Hotel
Calapandayan
158 National Hi-way,
3 Wincrest Hotel 12 40 Hotel
Calapandayan
105 National Hi-way,
4 Gateway Hotel 12 28 Hotel
Calapandayan
5 2N2 Scuba Resort Hotel Calapandayan 8 16 DOT Accredited Hotel
AYC Compound Natl Road Sto
6 Subic Waterfront Resort & Hotel Phil.Inc 51 124 Registered Hotel
Tomas
National Hihway Purok 1,
7 Balai Subik Hotel 15 30 DOT Accredited Hotel
Mangan-vaca
Purok 3B National Highway,
8 JNV Dream Hotel 20 40 DOT Accredited Hotel
Calapacuan
9 Subic Seaborne Hotel Calapandayan 17 46 DOT Accredited Hotel
INLAND RESORT
10 Apo Family Resort San Isidro 7 32 Registered Inland Resort
11 Krrel's Family Resort Purok 4, Sitio Ibayo, San Isidro 16 50 DOT Accredited Inland Resort
1822 Villa Venesia Club

12 Sunset Bay View Resort 5 50 Resort
Morocco, Subic
BEACH RESORT
Club Morocco Beach Resort & Country
13 Cabitaogan, Cawag 34 150 DOT Accredited Beach Resort
Club, Inc.
14 Aplaya del Subic Capati Resort Cabitaogan, Cawag 10 67 DOT Accredited Beach Resort
15 Subic Beach Resort Calapacuan 6 36 Registered Beach Resort
16 Bong Beach Resort Cawag Registered Beach Resort
LODGE
Purok 1, National Highway,
17 ARA J-Lodge 6 32 DOT Accredited Lodge
Calapacuan
APARTELLE
18 MSIAS Apartelle Calapandayan Registered Apartelle
Total 435 1,885
Source: Sangguniang Bayan Office
177
Various facilities are present in these tourism establishments, which allow the visitors to choose
depending on the location and budget preferences (Table 116).
Table 116: Tourism Facilities, 2023
Location Name of Tourism Area Type of
Facilities Ownership
(Barangay) Establishment (Hectares) Attraction
Matain Whiterock Beach ● Water parks
Hotel+ Waterpark ● Water sports
Inc. ● Inflatable Water park
● Extreme Adventures (Activity Private
Camp)
● Conference facilities
● Banquet room
● Private Beach
● Bar /lounge
● Fitness Center with Gym /
Workout Room
● Restaurant
● Spa
● Free parking
● Children's playground
● 24-hour security
Calapandayan Korea III Hotel Accommodation Facilities Private
Calapandayan Wincrest Hotel Accommodation Facilities Private
Calapandayan Gateway Hotel Accommodation Facilities Private
Calapandayan 2N2 Scuba Resort ● Swimming pool Private
Hotel ● Car parking
● Contactless check-in/out
● Security [24-hour]
● Smoke-free property
Sto Tomas Subic Waterfront ● Pool
Resort & Hotel ● Meeting rooms
Phil. Inc ● Non-smoking hotel Private
● Gift shop
● Secured parking
● Poolside bar
● Restaurant
● BBQ facilities
Mangan-Vaca Balai Subik Hotel ● Free parking
● Security cameras
● Outdoor dining area Private
● Function Room
● Kitchen
● BBQ grill
● Parking facility
Calapacuan JNV Dream Hotel ● CCTV cameras Private
● Attached Washroom
Calapandayan Subic Seaborne Private
Hotel
San Isidro Apo Family Resort ● Pool
● Water slides Private
● Parking Space
● Playground
● Function Hall
178
Location Name of Tourism Area Type of
Facilities Ownership
(Barangay) Establishment (Hectares) Attraction
San Isidro Krrel's Family ● Pool
Resort & Villas ● Villas Private
● Cottages
● Event Center
● Al Fresco Dining
● Recreational Area
● Gazebo
● Parking
● Gym
● Resto Bar
Cawag Sunset Bay View ● Private beach
Resort ● Free parking Private
● Spa
● Family room
● Sauna
● Water sports
● BBQ facilities
● Badminton court
● Facilities for disabled guests
Cawag Club Morocco ● First Class Mediterraza
Beach Resort & Villages
Country Club, Inc. ● Private beach
● Water park Private
● Beach Resort Clubhouse
● Family villas
● Soundproof rooms
● Sports facilities
● Marina
● Restaurant
● Free parking
● Facilities for disabled
guests
● Ironing facilities
Cawag Aplaya del Subic ● Private beach
Capati Resort ● Free parking Private
● Bar
● Pool (kids)
● BBQ facilities
● Security [24-hour]
● Water sport
● Family room
Calapacuan Subic Beach ● Private Beach Private
Resort
Cawag Bong Beach ● Private Beach Private
Resort
● Event Hall
Calapacuan ARA J-Lodge ● CCTV cameras Private
● Free parking
● Shared Kitchen
Calapandayan MSIAS Apartelle ● Venue/Party Place Private
● KTV
● VIP Room/Conference Room
● CCTV cameras
179
Other Tourist Attractions
Aside from the existing tourism attractions, there are a number of other tourist spots, which can further
be developed into eco-tourism sites.
Table 117: Other Tourist Spots
Tourist Spots Location
Mt. Balingkilat San Martin, Cawag
Pequeña Island Calapacuan
Palibunin Tourist Spot Calapandayan
Miami Beach Cawag
Green Beach Cawag
Gaines Beach Cawag
Balon Falls Aningway-Sacatihan
Shrine of the Blessed Virgin Mary Aningway-Sacatihan
Source: Socio-Economic and Physical Profile 2001-2010
Mt. Balingkilat is a rocky, grassy, and windy hiking hotspot located within the municipalities of Subic
and San Antonio with a height of 1,100 MASL (Lasco, 2008). The jump-off location is at Cawag
Resettlement and requires 1-2 days hike to reach its peak where one can view the following coves:
Anawangin, Talesayen, Nagsasa, and Silanguin (Lasco, 2008).
Figure 162: Mt. Balingkilat
Source: http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2008/07/mt-balingkilat-1100.html
180
If one is looking for a nature trip with a short trekking, going to Balon Falls in Aningway-Sacatihan can
be a good option. Aningway-Sacatihan is approximately 25-30 minutes away by bus or jeepney from
Olongapo City. From national highway, another 15-minute pedicab ride or 30-minute walk to finally
reach Balon Falls.
Figure 163: Balon Falls
Sources:
1. Lakwatserongrex (2018). [image]Screen captured at https://lakwatserongrex.wordpress.com/2018/02/02/balon-falls-
subic-zambales/
2. Playing Tourist (n.d.) https://playintourist.blogspot.com/2016/11/a-visit-to-balon-falls-subic-zambales.html
Festivals
Subic is celebrating the Subic Ay! Festival around the last week of April once every 2-3 years, which
usually features street dancing competition and float competition. Twelve (12) barangays celebrates
their own festival annually.
Table 118: Calendar of Festivals

Name of Festival Date Location Detailed Description
Hala Bira Festival 3rd Sunday of Mangan-vaca In honor of Sto. Niño. Main event – Celebration of
January solemn mass in the morning and in the afternoon,
procession of the images of Sto. Niño either
mounted through tricycles, mini cars or jeeps.
Others by carrying the image while dancing and
singing. Accompanied by “ati-atihan marching
band”.
Subic Ay! Festival Last week of Subic, The name was derived from the way Subikeños
April (every 2- Zambales especially the old ones speak, where their
3 years only) sentences end always with the word “AY!” A long
week celebration featuring different programs,
contests, and activities. Main event is the
thanksgiving mass in the morning, and in the
afternoon, the “street dancing competition”
participated in by all the 16 Barangays. The day
before the main event, a “float competition” is being
held participated in by NGOs and private
companies. For the whole week, there is an agro-
industrial exhibit and fair wherein some local
products are for sale.
Mamalakaya 2nd Sunday Calapandayan Main event – Parade of muses from the different
Festival of May Puroks accompanied by Drum & Lyre Band of
Calapandayan Elem School (a hall of famer in drum
181
and lyre competition in Zambales) and by hired well
known marching bands. After the parade, all who
joined the parade will gather in the Barangay plaza.
The Drum & Lyre Band and the marching band will
perform or will do exhibitions, showcasing their
interpretation of their music while playing it through
skilfully marching and dancing and by using some
props.
Santacruzan May Ilwas A nine-night procession in commemoration of the
finding of the cross by Reyna Helena and offering of
flowers to Blessed Virgin Mary, featuring the ladies
and men (young and old) in their beautiful and
colourful costumes or gowns and under skilfully
made and decorative wooden or bamboo arc, and
accompanied by marching band.
Pagay Festival May 14-15 San Isidro On the last day after a thanksgiving mass in the
morning, a parade is being held in the afternoon
showcasing their harvest or products (rice or palay,
vegetables or fruits and livestocks). The parade is
being accompanied by a marching band. After the
parade, a community dance party is being held in
the plaza.
Mamamalakaya July 21-25 Baraca- In honor of St James and the foundation of St.
Festival Camachile, James parish which coincide with the foundation of
Wawandue, Subic as a town. Each Barangay is assigned a
Asinan day(s) to hold an activity (ties) or program(s)
Poblacion, different from the other 3 Barangays. On the last
Asinan Proper day (July 25), after two thanksgiving masses in the
morning, a fluvial (karakol) religious procession is
held wherein the image of St James together with
the images of Jesus Christ and other saints are
carried from the church and being mounted or
placed on decorative big motorboats. Devotees join
the parade using their own decorative motorboats
while singing and dancing amidst the music being
played by the marching bands that are also on the
big boat wherein the images are carried to. All the
boats will rove around the municipal sea areas, then
after the fluvial procession the Devotees carrying
the images will go back to the church. In the
afternoon, street dancing is also being held together
with the parade of the different winners of the
competitions conducted for the past four days. Then
a religious procession from and back to the church
take place roving around the town proper
participated in by Devotees.
San Roque Festival August 16 Calapandayan Main event – A thanksgiving mass is held in the
morning. After the mass, the image of San Roque is
carried and mounted on a decorative big boat and a
fluvial procession (karakol) is being held. Devotees
join the procession by riding on their own decorated
motorboats. The procession is accompanied by
marching band that is also on a decorative
motorboat. Some devotees bring with them lighted
182
candles and flowers which they later on offered to
San Roque after the procession. They will also
accompany the image of San Roque back to the
church. In the afternoon a procession from and to
the San Roque Barangay Chapel (roving around the
Barangay) is being held attended by devotees.
Araw ng Calapacuan October 12 Calapacuan In honor of Senora del Pilar. Main event is a
thanksgiving mass in the morning followed by
Palaro ng Barangay, wherein traditional native sport
competitions are being held like “sipa, agawan ng
buco, patintero at dama”. In the afternoon, a street
dancing competition is conducted participated in by
every Purok of the Barangay. Then a religious
procession is held attended by devotees..
Kawayan Affair Last Sunday Aningway- Main event – after thanksgiving mass in the
Festival of October Sacatihan morning, a “laro ng lahi” is being held like “agawan
ng buco, hulihan ng biik, kadang-kadang” etc. In the
afternoon, a parade is held showcasing all types of
products made out of bamboo locally made by the
residents. The parade is accompanied by a
marching band.
Ilog-ilog Festival December 8 Pamatawan Main event – a community party is held along the
riverside called “Sayawan sa ilog”, wherein a
musical rock-pop modern band is featured.
Residents troop to the riverside carrying with them
their own food and drinks. A singing and dance
contest are also conducted. Some residents will go
to the river for a swim or bath while other dances or
sing all together along with the band.
Tourist Arrival
In 2022, there were 92,260 tourists who visited Subic, which is composed of 88,704 (96.15%) domestic
visitors and 3,556 foreign visitors (3.85%). Tourist arrival peaked during the second quarter of the year,
particularly in the month of April where the number of tourist has reached 8,040. Similarly, 1,378
foreign tourists visited Subic during the first to second week of April – the highest foreign tourist arrival
within the year.
Table 119: Tourist Arrival, 2022

Domestic
Period Foreign Total
Day Tour Overnight
January 3-9, 2022 488 193 0 681
January 10-16, 2022 377 187 3 567
January 17-23, 2022 338 124 3 465
January 24-30, 2022 490 377 0 867
January 31-February 6, 2022 654 154 26 834
February 7-13, 2022 673 292 18 983
February 21-27, 2022 609 869 5 1,483
February 28-March 6, 2022 1,521 385 10 1,916
183
Domestic
Period Foreign Total
Day Tour Overnight
March 14-20, 2022 1,786 61 18 1,865
March 21-27, 2022 1,638 0 1,638
March 28-April 3, 2022 1,582 0 1,582
April 4-10, 2022 1,808 94 1,378 3,280
April 11-17, 2022 5,014 2,936 90 8,040
April 18-24, 2022 2,731 1,477 18 4,226
April 25-May 1, 2022 2,731 3,160 48 5,939
May 2-8, 2022 2,904 66 0 2,970
May 9-15, 2022 1,777 1,220 2 2,999
May 16-22, 2022 2,119 55 0 2,174
May 23-29, 2022 1,063 58 0 1,121
May 30-June 5, 2022 1,048 57 0 1,105
June 6-12, 2022 1,839 41 74 1,954
June 26-29, 2022 2,665 74 2,739
June 27-July 3, 2022 1,538 54 1,592
July 4-10, 2022 1,352 50 1,402
July 11-17, 2022 2,242 74 2,316
July 18-24, 2022 2,108 142 2,250
July 25-31, 2022 2,054 54 2,108
August 1-7, 2022 2,293 53 2,346
August 8-14, 2022 1,475 117 1,592
August 15-21, 2022 1,594 32 1,626
August 22-28, 2022 1,773 64 1,837
August 29-31, 2022 610 43 653
September 5-11, 2022 1,406 26 1,432
September 12-18, 2022 1,596 73 1,669
September 19-25, 2022 880 39 919
September 26-October 2, 2022 1,169 18 1,187
October 3-9, 2022 1,207 53 1,260
October 10-16, 2022 1,297 36 1,333
October 17-23, 2022 1,006 27 1,033
October 24-30, 2022 1,727 105 1,832
October 31-November 6, 2022 1,180 58 1,238
November 7-13, 2022 771 51 822
November 14-20, 2022 1,089 91 1,180
November 21-27, 2022 44 2,127 33 2,204
November 28-December 4, 2022 4 2,448 37 2,489
December 5-11, 2022 48 896 39 983
December 12-18, 2022 66 1,089 39 1,194
December 19-25, 2022 188 1,678 157 2,023
December 26-January 1, 2023 46 2,042 224 2,312
Total 88,704 3,556 92,260
Source: Office of the Sangguniang Bayan
184
Figure 164: Tourist Arrival, 2022

Office of the Sangguniang Bayan
185
186
Chapter 6
Infrastructure
This section will cover the current physical infrastructure facilities of the following sub-sectors:
transportation, water, power, and information and communications technology.
Transportation
The Municipality is currently undertaking the roads and bridges inventory using the Roads and Bridge
Information System (RBIS). Hence, the data in this section still utilizes the 2014 data.
Bridges
Six (6) bridges can be found along national highway – all of which are classified as municipal bridges.
On the other hand, eight (8) bridges are classified as barangay bridges which are built within the six (6)
barangays.
Table 120: Inventory of Bridges

Bridge Classification by
Bridge Name Barangay Length (m) Road Section
Jurisdiction
Talos Bridge Pamatawan 8 Highway Municipal
Sacatihan Bridge Aningway-Sacatihan 12 Highway Municipal
Aningway Bridge 8 Highway Municipal
Mapanao Bridge 20 Philseco Road Municipal
Asinan Proper
Malinta Bridge 20 Philseco Road Municipal
Cabangaan Bridge 17 Philseco Road Municipal
Tamayok Bridge 16 Barangay Road Barangay
Ilwas
Tamayok Bridge 20 Barangay Road Barangay
Wawandue Bridge Wawandue 35 Barangay Road Barangay
Calapandayan Bridge Calapandayan 30 Highway Municipal
Calapacuan Bridge Calapacuan 20 Highway Municipal
Matain Bridge Matain 8 Highway Municipal
San Isidro Bridge San Isidro 16 Barangay Road Barangay
Mangan-vaca Bridge Mangan-vaca 12 Barangay Road Barangay
Source: Engineering Office, 2014
Roads
62% of the roads in Subic are earth- and gravel-paved (38.85% or 33.6 kilometers for earth-paved
roads and 23.15% or 20.0 kilometers for gravel-paved roads) while the remaining 38% are concreted
and asphalted (3.15% or 2.7 kilometers for concreted roads and 34.86% or 30.2 kilometers for
asphalted roads).
187
Figure 165: Percentage of roads by type of pavement, 2014
Table 121: Inventory of Roads

Type of Pavement and Length (m)
Road Name Barangay
Concrete Asphalt Gravel Earth
Gala Road 2,500
Aningway-Sacatihan
Malaya Road 2,100
Ponco St. Asinan-Poblacion 110
Baraca St. 50
Baraca-Camachile
Camachile St. 510
Macoles Coles 3,800
Labak Road 3,800
Kawali Road 4,700
Balangkas Road 5,400
Malipano Road 2,700
Malamog-lamog Road 3,500
Batiawan
Papaya Road 2,100
Patal Road 2,900
Mangga Road 4,100
Malabino Road 3,200
Balanak Road 2,500
Lawin Road 800
Laborce St. 90
Gutierrez St. 200
Solano St. 80
Aytalin St. Calapacuan 90
Tugadi St. 120
Access Road to Brgy. Hall 100
Access Road to Subic Bay 100
Cawag Access Rd. 2,700
Cawag-Subic Rd. 2,300
Cawag
Liberation Rd. 1,953
Bonilla road 1,201
Salang St. Ilwas 100
188
Road Name Barangay
Dizon St. 100
Tamayok St. 100
Afable St. 670
Perea St. 260
Ilwas Road 380
Ilwas Road 367
Kasoy Road 1,525
Barangay Road I 150
Barangay Road II 100
Barangay Road III 150
Mangan-vaca
Barangay Road IV 150
Barangay Road V 100
Barangay Road VI 150
Barangay Road VII 100
Dillar St. 236
Dizon St. 350
Visayan St. 236
Acacia St. 428
Enriquez St. 273
De Perio St. 392
Santol St. 183
Espiritu St. Matain 191
Amayao St. 187
J.M. Salang St. 243
B.M. Salang St. 183
Tala St. 434
Crisostomo St. 308
Muslim St. 108
C.M. Salang Rd. 345
Alpha Road Naugsol 3,000
Ladiero St. 45
Guillermo St. 200
Agustin St. 60
Requidan St. 250
Mendoza St. 100
Evangelista St. 80
Pullido St. 15
Pamatawan
Cemetery Road 1,100
Salvador Road 80
Malaya Road 2,100
Barangay Road 1,000
Agustin St. 300
Access Rd. to Brgy. Plaza 60
Malaya Road 1,400
Apostol St. 150
Binaritan 956
Lugso St. 1,120
Pulong Mangga San Isidro 272
Katarungan St. 690
Maligaya Masinit 850
Kabatuhan St. 1,174
189
Road Name Barangay
Maligaya Masinit 957
Romero St. 749
Trimor St. 881
Bokilyaok 690
Purok I 750
Purok II 725
Purok III 450
Purok IV 600
Romero Road 495
Pituc St. Sto. Tomas 126
Leongson Road 227
Dizon St. 170
Gabatino St. 350
Sitio Pilapil 60
Dimalanta St. 810
Burgos St. 490
Rizal St. 260
Wawandue
Custodio St. 230
Macedo St. 350
Total Road Length (m) 2,723 30,178 20,043 33,631
Total Road Length (km) 2.7 30.2 20.0 33.6
Urban Road Length (m) 2,723 30,178 2,243 8,931
Urban Road Length (km) 2.7 30.2 2.2 8.9
Rural Road Length (m) 0 0 17,800 24,700
Rural Road Length (km) 0 0 17.8 24.7
Source: Engineering Office, 2014
There are twenty-one (2)1 tricycle terminals being owned and operated by six (6) tricycle operators and
drivers associations (TODA) and strategically located in fourteen (14) barangays. The presence of
these tricycle terminals allows the residents easy access to various locations within and outside their
community.
Table 122: Tricycle Terminals, 2023

Zone Barangays Owner/ Operator Location
Mangan-vaca (In front of Mangan-vaca Plaza)
Burgos Street
Mangan-vaca, Petron Gas Station
Ilwas, Baraca- Subic Zambales Road going to Bulungan (Beside Baraca-Camachile
Camachile, Asinan Tricycle Operators Basketball Court)
I
Proper, Asinan Drivers Association
Poblacion, (SZTODA) Carinderia
Calapandayan Sampalok, Cabral Street (Beside former Health
Center)
Road going to Subic High School (Beside former
Health Center, Southern Part)
Sto. Tomas San Sto. Tomas (National Highway)
Isidro Naugsol
Sto. Tomas, San Tricycle Operators San Isidro (Crossing)
II
Isidro, Naugsol and Drivers
Association Sta. Monica Subdivision Gate (beside FB Building)
(STSINTODA)
190
Zone Barangays Owner/ Operator Location
Matain Calapacuan De Perio St. (Beside Matain Elementary School)
Tricycle Operators
Matain, & National Highway (Subic Bypass Road)
III and Drivers
Calapacuan
Association Manangan St. Calapacuan (Beside Ara-J Building)
(MCTODA)
Public Market
Subic Cawag Wawandue Bridge
Tricycle Operators
Philseco
IV Cawag and Driver's
Cabitaogan Housing (La Sirena)
Association
Cawag Proper
(SCATODA)
Philseco (Junction)
Aningway-
Sacatihan Tricycle
Aningway-
V Operators and In front/Gate of Subic Hills Village
Sacatihan
Drivers Association
(ASTODA)
Pamatawan Subic
Tricycle Operators
VI Pamatawan and Drivers Beside Don Benitos
Association
(PASUTODA)
Source: Sangguniang Bayan Office {Regulatory Ordinance No. 2004-05 entitled, An Ordinance Enacting the Municipal
Tricycle Code of 2004 for the Municipality of Subic}
Current and Future Requirements
Urban Road Requirements
In 2023, following the standard road to population ratio of 2.4 kilometers per 1,000 population and
considering the current urban road length of 44.1 kilometers, Subic would need additional 262
kilometers of urban road for the projected urban population of 127,580.
Rural Road Requirements
The standard road to area ratio for rural road is 1.5 kilometers per 100 hectares of agricultural land.
Subic would need additional 2.4 kilometers of rural road considering its arable land of 2,994 hectares
and the existing rural road length of 42.5 kilometers.
Water
Access to Safe Water
There are still 13.49% of households that has no access to safe water, according to the latest
Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) census in 2017-2018. In 2023, converting this rate
would translate to 4,314 households out of the 31,978 total households that has no access to safe
water. Cawag has the largest share of nearly 50%, followed by 40% in Batiawan, and 25% in
Calapacuan. In terms of the number of households with no access to safe water, Cawag and
Calapacuan recorded the highest with 2,440 and 1,029 households, respectively.
191
Table 123: Households with No Access to Safe Water, 2023
Barangay No. of Households % of Households Number of Households
Aningway Sacatihan 1,840 0.98 18
Asinan Poblacion 376 0.38 1
Asinan Proper 2,398 13.03 312
Baraca-Camachile 1,131 0.00 0
Batiawan 397 40.26 160
Calapacuan 4,180 24.61 1,029
Calapandayan 2,987 5.56 166
Cawag 4,884 49.96 2,440
Ilwas 1,010 0.11 1
Mangan-Vaca 3,523 2.46 87
Matain 2,358 0.26 6
Naugsol 787 8.49 67
Pamatawan 1,379 0.63 9
San Isidro 2,315 0.02 0
Santo Tomas 1,731 0.07 1
Wawandue 682 2.34 16
Total 31,978 13.49 4,314
Notes:
1. Barangay percentage of households without access to safe water is based on the Community Based Monitoring System
Notes:
(CBMS) 2017-2018
1. Barangay percentage of households without access to safe water is based on the Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS
2. Number
2018 of households without access to safe water per barangay is computed based on the 2023 projected number of
households per barangay
2. Number of households without access to safe water per barangay is computed based on the 2023 projected number of househ
3. 2023 number of households is computed based on the 2015 Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Census of Population
barangay
3. 2023 number of households is computed based on the 2015 Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Census of Population POPCE
POPCEN
Water Supply
Subic has access to Level I to Level III water supply system. The typical water supply model system is
presented in Table 124.
Table 124: Water Supply Typical Model System
Distance from Water
Level Features Population Served Remarks Outlet to Farthest
House
I Point source system For areas where houses 250 meters
-shallow well, deepwell or are few and scattered
protected spring
II Communal Faucet 200 households per For rural areas where 25 meters
a. development point source system with 5.7 houses are closely
households per clustered
b. electrically driven pumps
faucet
c. storage tank
d. piped distribution network
with public faucets
III Individual house connections 1,000 households Densely populated urban within house
a. development point source and more areas
b. electrically driven pumps
c. storage tank
piped distribution network with
public faucets
Source: Local Waterworks and Utilities Administration (LWUA)
192
Level I Water Supply System
47.36% of the total number of households has access to deep well water supply. Mangan-vaca
recorded the largest number of households served (1,755), followed by 1,556 households in
Calapacuan, and 1,363 households in San Isidro. The same number of households in Mangan-vaca
has also access to improved spring water supply.
Table 125: Level I Water Supply System by Type and Number of Population Served, 2023
Deep Well Improved Spring Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
No. of
Barangay HH Rate HH Rate
HH No. No. Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su
Served (%) Served (%)
Aningway Sacatihan 1,449 - 302 20.84 - - - - - - - - - -
Asinan Poblacion 291 - 104 35.74 - - - - - - - - - -
Asinan Proper 1,835 - 638 34.77 - - - - - - - - - -
Baraca-Camachile 893 - 777 87.01 - - - - - - - - - -
Batiawan 301 - - 0.00 - - - - - - - - - -
Calapacuan 3,299 - 1,556 47.17 - - - - - - - - - -
Calapandayan 2,342 - 963 41.12 - - - - - - - - - -
Cawag 3,825 - 168 4.39 - - - - - - - - - -
Ilwas 798 - 695 87.09 - - - - - - - - - -
Mangan-Vaca 2,682 4 1,755 65.44 1 1,755 65.44 M M H L H L M
Matain 1,860 - 1,291 69.41 - - - - - - - - - -
Naugsol 686 1 419 61.08 - - - L L M L L L L
Pamatawan 1,028 5 566 55.06 - - - L L M L L L L
San Isidro 1,828 5 1,363 74.56 - - - M L M L M L L
Santo Tomas 1,361 - 860 63.19 - - - - - - - - - -
Wawandue 536 - 390 72.76 - - - - - - - - - -
Total 25,014 15 11,847 47.36
Notes:
1. 2023 Number of households was computed based on the PSA 2015 POPCEN
2. All other data are provided by Subic Water District-Primewater Subic
Level II Water Supply System
Mangan-vaca Dam is the main source of Level II water supply system (Table 126). As of 2023, out of
25,014 total number of households, 11,847 households representing 47.36% have access to this water
supply system through the fifteen (15) pumping stations located in Pamatawan, Mangan-vaca, Naugsol
and San Isidro (Table 127). Mangan-vaca Dam is highly susceptible to earthquakes and liquefaction.
On the other hand, the pumping stations with high susceptibility to earthquakes and liquefaction are
those located in Mangan-vaca. The rest of the pumping stations have low to medium susceptibility to
flooding, tropical cyclones, earthquakes, volcano, liquefaction, tsunami, and storm surge.
Table 126: Water Sources of Level II Water Supply System, 2023
Physical Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Water Source Barangay
Condition Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su
Mangan-Vaca Dam (250mm) Mangan-Vaca Fair M L H L H L M
Mangan-Vaca Dam (150mm) Mangan-Vaca Fair M L H L H L M
Source: Subic Water District-Primewater Subic
Hazard Susceptibility Legend: Fl (Flood), Tc (Tropical Cyclone), Eq (Earthquake), Vo (Volcano), Ln (Liquefaction), Ts
(Tsunami), Su (Storm Surge)
193
Table 127: Level II Water supply System by Type and Number of Population Served, 2023
Pump No. of Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Location Year Barangays Physical
Pump ID/Name Capacity Water Source HH
(Barangay) Constructed Served Condition
(gpm) Served Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su
Pamatawan 1A Pamatawan 1999 100 Groundwater 5 Fair L L M L L L L
Pamatawan 1B Pamatawan 2002 100 Groundwater 5 Fair L L M L L L L
Pamatawan 4A Pamatawan 2009 174 Groundwater 5 2,064 Fair L L M L L L L
Pamatawan 4B Pamatawan 2009 127 Groundwater 5 Fair L L M L L L L
Pamatawan 5 Pamatawan 2023 234 Groundwater 5 Fair L L M L L L L
Mangan-Vaca 3 Mangan-Vaca 2013 143 Groundwater 5 Fair M M H L H L M
4,014
Naugsol 4 Naugsol 2004 64 Groundwater 1 280 Fair L L M L L L L
San Isidro 1 San Isidro 1997 317 Groundwater 5 Fair M L M L M L L
San Isidro 3 San Isidro 2002 500 Groundwater 3 5,489 Fair M L M L M L L
Level III Water Supply System
Residents within the periphery of the urban core are benefited by the operation of the Subic Water
District (SWD) and its Joint Venture partner Primewater-Subic. It is under the supervision of the Local
Water Utilities Administration (LWUA). This integral area of pipe system covers all barangays except
Batiawan. These water pipes are highly susceptible to earthquakes.
Table 128: Water Distribution Line

Type of Pipe Year Physical Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Pipeline ID Ownership Water Pipeline Diameter
Material Established Condition Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su
SWD Public 25mm - 250mm PVC 1980 - 2018 Fair L L H M M L L
PWIC Private 25mm - 150mm PVC 2018 - 2023 Fair L L H M M L L
Connections from domestic

consumers comprised 93.21% of the
total number of connections while
connections from commercial and
other consumers are 6.11% and
0.68%, respectively. In contrast, the
average consumption of domestic
consumers represent the lowest
percentage of 16.23% while
commercial and other consumers
have the greatest volume of water
consumed (30.60% for commercial
and 53.17% for others).
Figure 166: Level III Connections and Average Consumption, 2023
194
Table 129: Level III Local Waterworks System by Type and Number of Consumers and Average Water Consumption
per Month, 2022
Type of Consumer
Domestic Commercial Others
Name of Barangays Served Ave. Water Ave. Water Ave. Water
No. of No. of No. of
Consumption Consumption Consumption
Connections Connections Connections
(cu.m.) (cu.m.) (cu.m.)
Aningway Sacatihan 283 40 17 155 2 45
Asinan Poblacion 98 19 5 52 1 71
Asinan Proper 616 22 18 47 4 36
Baraca-Camachile 587 22 176 26 14 103
Calapacuan 1,515 23 37 32 4 54
Calapandayan 875 23 81 17 7 39
Cawag 161 20 5 64 2 129
Ilwas 631 21 61 27 3 107
Mangan-Vaca 1,640 22 105 41 10 110
Matain 1,205 22 83 37 3 22
Naugsol 406 28 9 30 4 220
Pamatawan 541 26 22 21 3 44
San Isidro 1,328 25 31 65 4 111
Santo Tomas 799 25 57 41 4 40
Wawandue 358 21 17 23 15 49
Total 11,043 360 724 679 80 1,179
% 93.21% 16.23% 6.11% 30.60% 0.68% 53.17%
Total No. of Connections 11,847
Total Ave. Water Consumption 2,218
Residential or domestic consumers need around 88.21% of the total water requirement while
commercial and institutional consumers represent 8.41% and 3.38% of the total water requirement,
respectively (Figure 167).
Figure 167: Percentage of Water

Requirement by Type of Consumer,
2023
In Table 130, Subic residents’ current monthly water demand totalled to 3,217,074 cubic meters. On
the other hand, Subic Water District-Prime Water Subic’s water supply is estimated at 4,246,538 cubic
meters, which generated a surplus of 1,029,464 cubic meters.
195
Table 130: Water Requirement by Barangay and by Type of Consumer, 2023
Current Year (2023)
Barangay Water Supply (cu.m.) Water Requirement, cu.m/ month Deficit/
Population
Res Com Inst Res Com Inst Surplus
Aningway Sacatihan 6,783 193,580 18,266 7,342 146,651 13,838 5,562 53,136
Asinan Poblacion 1,535 43,797 3,444 1,661 33,179 2,609 1,258 11,855
Asinan Proper 9,946 292,906 13,391 10,766 221,898 10,145 8,156 76,864
Baraca-Camachile 4,553 105,061 47,001 9,857 79,592 35,607 7,467 39,253
Batiawan 1,659 50,359 0 0 38,151 0 0 12,208
Calapacuan 18,116 533,495 193,503 5,098 404,163 146,593 3,862 177,478
Calapandayan 12,262 338,771 44,026 13,272 256,645 33,353 10,055 96,017
Cawag 20,204 588,851 27,202 21,869 446,099 20,608 16,567 154,648
Ilwas 4,085 112,854 16,133 1,901 85,495 12,222 1,440 31,730
Mangan-Vaca 14,634 413,179 39,406 15,839 313,014 29,853 12,000 113,557
Matain 10,478 295,843 30,237 2,609 224,123 22,907 1,976 79,682
Naugsol 3,424 100,830 3,073 3,706 76,386 2,328 2,808 26,087
Pamatawan 5,435 158,395 9,756 5,882 119,996 7,391 4,456 42,190
San Isidro 9,964 293,428 10,151 10,785 222,294 7,690 8,170 76,209
Santo Tomas 6,940 195,953 20,651 2,178 148,450 15,644 1,650 53,038
Wawandue 2,646 73,917 4,751 1,346 55,998 3,599 1,020 19,397
TOTAL 132,663 3,745,709 357,235 143,594 2,837,658 270,632 108,784 1,029,464
Notes:
1. 2023 Number of households was computed based on the PSA 2015 POPCEN
2. All other data are provided by Subic Water District-Primewater Subic
The water requirements by type of consumer and the total water requirement by barangay are
presented in Figure 168 to Figure 171.
Figure 168: Residential Water Requirement by Barangay, 2023
196
Figure 169: Commercial Water Requirement by Barangay, 2023
Figure 170: Institutional Water Requirement by Barangay, 2023
197
Figure 171: Total Water Requirement by Barangay, 2023
Power
The Zambales Electric Cooperative II (ZAMECO II) serves the electrical power needs of the
municipality. Its source of power supply is the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP). Its
main office is located at Castillejos and a sub-office at Mangan-vaca, Subic.
Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
Telegraph and Postal Services
There is only one (1) Telegraph Service Facility in the Municipality of Subic and it is owned and
operated by the Bureau of Telecommunications (BUTEL), a government entity. It is located at the
ground floor of the Municipal Hall. Postal Service Facilities include a Post Office, Mail Distribution
Center, Mail Boxes, Money Order Machine, Stamping Machine (meter), Postal Stations/ Circuits, and
three motorcycles as mail transport vehicles (Municipality of Subic, 2001).
Telecommunication Services
The Philippine Long Distance Telecommunication (PLDT) provides landline, mobile and internet
services within the municipality. Other telecommunication services, specifically mobile
telecommunication services, are provided by the Smart Communications, Inc., Globe Telecom, Inc.,
and Dito Telecommunity Corporation.
198
199
Chapter 7
Institutional Capacity
The analysis of the institutional capacity of the Municipality of Subic will focus on the role of the
Municipality of Subic in local development and the planning function as an important aspect of local
governance. This chapter will provide an assessment of the structure and functions of the Local
Development Council (LDC) as the central planning body, to carry out its mandated functions.
It will also assess the Municipality’s efforts in enhancing its technological and human resources
capacity, its fiscal management capability, the development orientation of the Sangguniang Bayan thru
its legislative output over the years, the extent of representation and participation in local governance of
the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), and the linkages of the Municipality of Subic with the National
Government Agencies and private sector.
To further present the overall institutional capacity of the Municipality, its current state of local
governance will be discussed based on the following criteria of good local governance: financial
administration and sustainability; business-friendliness and competitiveness; disaster preparedness;
social protection and sensitivity; and environmental management.
Organization and Management

Powers and Functions of the Municipality of Subic
Section 2 of RA 7160 (Local Government Code of

1991) empowers the Municipality of Subic to govern
Decentralization is the transfer of authority
its political and administrative jurisdiction in on a geographic basis whether by
attaining its full development, making it self-reliant deconcentration (i.e., delegation) of
and thus, to be an effective partner in attaining administrative authority to field units of the
same department or level of government or
national goals. This provision also authorized the by the political devolution of authority to local
Municipality to establish a “more responsive and government units or special statutory bodies.
accountable local government structure” by means - United Nations (UN) -
of decentralization through the process of
devolution.
Hence, through devolution, the Municipality of Subic has been

granted significant regulatory powers and responsibilities,
Devolution is the process of
which were previously under the jurisdiction of the national transferring power and authority
government agencies. This includes the responsibility for the from the national agencies to the
delivery of basic services to ensure the general welfare of its various local government units
(LGUs) to perform specific
constituents (Section 16 and 17 of RA 7160). The devolved functions and responsibilities
basic services are those that pertain to the following: - Executive Order No. 138 -
agriculture, health, social services, environment and natural
resources, public works, tourism, and school building
program. This devolution ensures a more efficient delivery of
basic services to Subiqeños.
200
Figure 172: Municipality of Subic Organizational Structure
201
Municipality of Subic, having both a political (as a subdivision of the national government) and a
corporate (representing its inhabitants) nature, has the powers enumerated in the table below.
Table 131: Powers of the Municipality of Subic
Regulatory Powers Corporate Powers
 To generate and apply resources  To have continuous succession in its corporate name
 To eminent domain  To sue and be sued
 To reclassify agricultural lands  To have and use a corporate seal
 To close and open roads  To acquire and convey real or personal property
 To exercise other powers granted to the  To enter into contracts
Sangguniang Bayan  To negotiate and secure grants
 To exercise other powers granted to corporations subject
to limitations in RA 7160 and other laws
Source: Local Government Code of 1991, Sec. 18-23
Branches of the Municipality of Subic
The Municipality has two (2) branches: the Executive and the Legislative. The Executive Branch is
composed of all of the departments mandated under RA 7160 headed by the Municipal Mayor, as the
Local Chief Executive.
Being the Local Chief Executive, the Municipal Mayor has the power and functions to:
1. Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects, services, and activities of
the municipal government;
2. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the governance of the municipality and the exercise
of its corporate powers provided for under Section 22 of this Code, implement all approved
policies, programs, projects, services and activities of the municipality;
3. Ensure that the acts of the municipality's component barangays and of its officials and
employees are within the scope of their prescribed powers, functions, duties and
responsibilities;
4. Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, and apply the same to the
implementation of development plans, program objectives and priorities as provided for under
Section 18 of this Code, particularly those resources and revenues programmed for agro-
industrial development and country-wide growth and progress,
5. Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities as provided for
under Section 17 of RA 7160; and
6. Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as may be prescribed
by law or ordinance.
On the other hand, the Legislative Branch commonly known as the Sangguniang Bayan, is composed
of the Municipal Vice Mayor as the Presiding Officer, the regular members of the Sanggunian, the
President of the Liga ng mga Barangay, the Sangguniang Kabataan President, and the sectoral
representatives, as members (Sec. 446 of RA 7160).
The Sangguniang Bayan has the following functions:
1. Approve ordinances and pass resolutions necessary for an efficient and effective municipal
government;
2. Generate and maximize the use of resources and revenues for the development plans,
program objectives and priorities of the municipality as provided for under Section 18 RA 7160
with particular attention to agro-industrial development and countryside growth and progress;
202
3. Grant franchises, enact ordinances authorizing the issuance of permits or licenses, or enact
ordinances levying taxes, fees and charges upon such conditions and for such purposes
intended to promote the general welfare of the inhabitants of the municipality, and pursuant to
this legislative authority;
4. Regulate activities relative to the use of land, buildings and structures within the municipality in
order to promote the general welfare;
5. Approve ordinances which shall ensure the efficient and effective delivery of the basic services
and facilities as provided for under Section 17 of RA 7160; and
6. Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as may be prescribed
by law or ordinance.
To efficiently carry out its functions, Sec. 50 or RA 7160 provides for the creation of standing
committees, which has been created covering the period of 2022-2025.
Table 132: SB Standing Committees, 2022-2025
1. Tourism 12. Ways & Means
Chairman: VM Lauro Simbol Chairman: Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca
Vice Chairman: Councilor Emma A. Quintos Vice Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
Members: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Members: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera
Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Councilor Emma A. Quintos
ABC Rowena Sawey Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
2. Environment & Natural Resources and Housing & Land 13. Market & Slaughter
Chairman: Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca Chairman: Councilor Emma A. Quintos
Vice Chairman: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Vice Councilor Osias F. Huerta
Members: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco Members: Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Councilor Osias F. Huerta Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
3. Peace and Order, Safety & Security 14. Agriculture & Fisheries
Chairman: Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca Chairman: Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
Vice Chairman: ABC Rowena Sawey Vice Councilor Osias F. Huerta
Members: Councilor Orlando M. Timbol Members: Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca
Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
SK Federation President Maria Bernz S. Batiquin Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
4. Public Utilities & Communication and Public Information 15. Good Government, Public Etihcs & Accountability
Chairman: Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca Chairman: Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
Vice Chairman: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Vice Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Members: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Members: Councilor Emma A. Quintos
Councilor Emma A. Quintos Councilor Osias F. Huerta
ABC Rowena Sawey Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
5. Finance & Appropriations 16. Health & Sanitation
Chairman: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Chairman: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Vice Chairman: Councilor Emma A. Quintos Vice Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera
Members: Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Members: Councilor Emma A. Quintos
Councilor Osias F. Huerta Councilor Osias F. Huerta
Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
6. Public Works & Infrastructure 17. Trade, Commerce & Industry
Chairman: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Chairman: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Vice Chairman: Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca Vice Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
Members: Councilor Orlando M. Timbol Members: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca
Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
7. Transportation and Traffic Management 18. Cooperative & Livelihood
Chairman: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Chairman: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Vice Chairman: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Vice ABC Rowena Sawey
Members: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Members: Councilor Emma A. Quintos
Councilor Orlando M. Timbol Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera
ABC Rowena Sawey SK Federation President Maria Bernz S. Batiquin
8. Education & Cultural Affairs 19. Industrial Labor & Human Rights
Chairman: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Chairman: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Vice Chairman: Councilor Emma A. Quintos Vice Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
Members: Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca Members: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca
9. Inter-Governmental Relations 20. Barangay Affairs
Councilor Osias F. Huerta
PageChairman:
invalid without the seal of En.P. PRC No. 450, Republic Act No.Brgy.
Chairman: Liga President Rowena Sawey
10587 Section 5.(d) expert witness.
Vice Chairman: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Vice Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
Members: Councilor Emma A. Quintos Members: Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
Councilor Orlando M. Timbol Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
7. Transportation and Traffic Management 18. Cooperative & Livelihood
Chairman: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Chairman: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Vice Chairman: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Vice ABC Rowena Sawey
203
Members: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Members: Councilor Emma A. Quintos
Councilor Orlando M. Timbol Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera
ABC Rowena Sawey SK Federation President Maria Bernz S. Batiquin
8. Education & Cultural Affairs 19. Industrial Labor & Human Rights
Chairman: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Chairman: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Vice Chairman: Councilor Emma A. Quintos Vice Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
Members: Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca Members: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca
9. Inter-Governmental Relations 20. Barangay Affairs
Chairman: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Chairman: Brgy. Liga President Rowena Sawey
Vice Chairman: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Vice Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
Members: Councilor Emma A. Quintos Members: Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
Councilor Orlando M. Timbol Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco SK Federation President Maria Bernz S. Batiquin
10. Rules & Priveleges 21. Women & Family Welfare
Chairman: Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Chairman: Brgy. Liga President Rowena Sawey
Vice Chairman: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Vice Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca
Members: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Members: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Councilor Osias F. Huerta
Councilor Orlando M. Timbol SK Federation President Maria Bernz S. Batiquin
11. Social Welfare 22. Youth & Sports Development
Chairman: Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Chairman: SK Federation President Maria Bernz S. Batiquin
Vice Chairman: Councilor Emma A. Quintos Vice Councilor Osias F. Huerta
Members: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales Members: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco Councilor Orlando M. Timbol
ABC Rowena Sawey ABC Rowena Sawey
Table 133: Special Standing Committees

23. Reorganization & Human Resource Management 25. Cultural Minorities
Chairman: Councilor Emma A. Quintos Chairman: Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Vice Chairman: Councilor Joseph Benoit F. Felarca Vice Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Members: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Members: Councilor Osias F. Huerta
Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca ABC Rowena Sawey
Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera SK Federation President Maria Bernz S. Batiquin
24. Legal Matters 26. Games & Amusement
Chairman: Councilor Orlando M. Timbol Chairman: Councilor Gennyfer G. Chantengco
Vice Chairman: Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera Vice Councilor Ryan L. Gonzales
Members: Councilor Osias F. Huerta Members: Councilor Elmer S. Tumaca
ABC Rowena Sawey Councilor Osias F. Huerta
SK Federation President Maria Bernz S. Batiquin Councilor Danilo S. Fontelera
Departments and Offices
In order for the Municipality of Subic to efficiently govern its political and administrative jurisdiction,
twenty-six (26) municipal offices were established to carry out the purpose of a municipal government.
Table 134: Municipal Department and Offices per Sector

Sector Department/Office Legal Bases
Mayor Sec. 444 of RA 7160
Vice Mayor Sec. 445 of RA 7160
Sangguniang Bayan Sec. 446 of RA 7160
Administrator's Office Sec. 480 of RA 7160
Institutional Accounting Sec. 474 of RA 7160
Assessor Sec. 472 of RA 7160
Budget Sec. 475 of RA 7160
Planning and Development Sec. 476 of RA 7160
Treasury Sec. 470 of RA 7160
204
Sector Department/Office Legal Bases
Social Civil Registry Sec. 479 of RA 7160
Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Sec. 12 of RA 10121
Kolehiyo Ng Subic SB Regulatory Ordinance Nos. 2002-05 & 2002-06
Person with Disability Office RA 7277
Population Commission (POPCOM) RA 6365
Public Order and Safety Office Mayor's Executive Order No.33, Series of 2022
Rural Health Unit Sec. 478 of RA 7160
Social Welfare and Development Sec. 483 of RA 7160
Traffic Management Bureau
Economic Agriculture Sec. 482 of RA 7160
Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Sec. 34 of RA 10915; CSC MC No. 12, Series of
Office 2022
Business Permit and Licensing Office RA 7160, RA 11032
Sections 3(b), 3(f), 3(l), 15, 17(a), 17(j),17(g), and
Market
22(d) of RA 7160
Public Employment Service Office RA 10691
Slaughterhouse RA 9296
Infrastructure Engineering Sec. 477 of RA 7160
Environment Environment and Natural Resources Office Sec. 484 of RA 7160
On the other hand, there are six (6) national government agencies (NGAs) operating in the Municipality,
namely: Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Commission on Election
(COMELEC), Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Philippine National Police (PNP),
and Philippine Post Office.
Planning Mandates and Structure
RA 7160 mandates LGUs to prepare a comprehensive land use plan (CLUP) (Sec. 20) translated into a
zoning ordinance by the Sangguniang Bayan (Sec. 458). It likewise mandates LGUs to prepare
comprehensive multi-sectoral development plans and public investment programs (Sec. 106 and 109).
These plans influence public and private sector investments, which could provide an improved quality of
goods and services to Subiqeños, thereby making them achieve an improved level of well-being.
For the Municipality to efficiently perform its planning mandate, its dual role – as a political unit and as a
corporate body – needs to be strengthened to become an NGA’s partner in the attainment of national
goals and to be able to promote the general welfare (RA 7160, Sec. 16) of Subiqeños, respectively.
The Municipality’s planning structure is summarized in the table below and further discussed in the
remaining part of this section.
Table 135: Planning Structure

Political Technical
 Local Sanggunian  Local Planning and Development Office
 Local Development Council  LGU Department Heads
 Congressman’s Representative  Local Special Bodies
 Civil Society Organizations  LDC Sectoral/Functional Committees
 NGA Office Chiefs in the locality
 Private Sector Representatives
Source: Rationalizing the Local Planning System (RPS), 1st Edition 2008
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Municipal Development Council (MDC)
In accordance with Sec. 106 to Sec. 108 of the Local Government Code, Subic Municipal Development
Council (MDC) was reorganized by virtue of Executive Order No. 03, Series of 2022, with the following
functions, as mandated in Sec. 109:
a. Formulate long-term, medium-term, and annual socio-economic development plans and
policies;
b. Formulate the medium-term and annual public investment programs;
c. Appraise and prioritize socio-economic development programs and projects;
d. Formulate local investment incentives to promote the inflow and direction of private investment
capital;
e. Coordinate, monitor, and evaluate the implementation of development programs and projects;
f. Create sectoral or functional committees that will assist the Council in the performance of
functions; and
g. Perform such other functions as may be provided by law and competent authority.
The MDC’s primary function is to assist the Sangguniang Bayan in setting the direction of economic
and social development, and coordinates the development efforts within the municipality through the
formulation of a comprehensive multisectoral development plan. It complies with the mandated
composition of the MDC, as summarized below.
Table 136: Municipal Development Council, 2022-2024

Members Number
Mayor
16 Punong Barangays
19
SB Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations
Congressman or his representative
CSO Representatives (not less than ¼ or 25% of the members):
 Irrigator’s Association
 Transport Group
5
 Business Sector
 Senior Citizen
 Religious/Inter-Faith Sector
Source: Municipality of Subic Executive Order No. 03, Series of 2022
Moreover, the creation of the Executive Committee also satisfies the provision in Sec. 111 of R.A. 7160,
to include the following:
 Mayor;
 SB Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations;
 Liga ng mga Barangay President; and
 One (1) CSO as representative of the CSOs represented in the MDC.
The Executive Committee has the following powers and functions:

a. Ensure that the decision of the council is faithfully carried out and implemented;
b. Act on matters requiring immediate attention or action by the council;
c. Formulate policies, plans, and programs based on the general principles laid down by the
council; and
d. Act on other matters that may be authorized by the MDC.
Likewise, Sectoral Committees helps the Municipality in providing inputs in all stages of the planning
process and performs the following functions (RPS, 2008, p.12):
a. Provide the LDC with data and information essential to the formulation of plans, programs, and
activities;
206
b. Define sectoral or functional objectives, set targets, and identify programs, projects, and
activities for the particular sector or function;
c. Collate and analyse information and statistics and conduct related studies;
d. Conduct public hearings on vital issues affecting the sector or function;
e. Coordinate planning, programming, and implementation of programs, projects, and activities
within each sector;
f. Monitor and evaluate programs and projects, and
g. Perform such other functions as may be assigned by the LDC.
Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO)
The MDC Secretariat, headed by the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (MPDC),
provides technical support to the MDC, documents proceedings, prepares reports and performs other
support functions as may be necessary.
At present, the MPDO consists of five (5) personnel – two (2) permanent employees, one (1) casual,
and three (3) job orders. Given the active participation of sectoral committees in the planning process,
the Municipality still aspires to improve the MPDO organizational structure to efficiently perform its
functions and be responsive to the varied tasks assigned to it, through the reorganization of the MPDO
into a full-blown organizational structure (RPS, 2008, pp. 13 & 15), which features the following:
 A deputy coordinator who will be in charge in the coordination of the three (3) functional
divisions
 Two (2) staff support services
o Administrative support staff to provide secretariat services to the MPDO and the MDC
o Public information staff to educate the public on sectoral issues and concepts to
capacitate them in resolving those issues
 Three (3) functional divisions
o Planning Information Management Division
o Planning and Programming Division
o Sectoral Coordination & People Participation Division
Figure 173: Full-blown

Organization Structure of MPDO
Source: Rationalizing the Local
Planning System (RPS), 1st Edition
2008, p. 12.
207
Human Resources
The Civil Service Commission recognizes the role of human capital as the Municipality’s most important
asset. Relatively, Human Resource Management Practitioners (HRMP) are tasked to recruit and
develop these workforces into high-performing and efficient civil servants as the driving force in the
achievement of the Municipality’s goals. This section highlights the trends in the Municipality’s
workforce.
Plantilla and Vacancies
For the three (3) consecutive terms of administration, the total number of plantilla positions ranges from
140 to 244, wherein the current administration reflects the highest number of plantilla positions of 244.
On the other hand, the number of vacancies, which ranges from 29 to 110 for the 3-term periods
revealed that the least and the most ideal percentage of vacancies is within the 2013-2015 term with an
average of 25%.
The Municipality’s average number of vacancies in the current administration comprises almost 50% of
the average total plantilla positions and it is pursuing to fill these up in consonance with the CSC’s drive
to fill up these vacancies before hiring contract of service (COS) and job order (JO) workers.
Table 137: Plantilla Positions and Vacancies, 2013-2023

No. of Plantilla Positions No. of Vacancies
Average Rate of
Term of
Year Per Per Per Vacancies to Plantilla
Administration Per Year
Administration Year Administration Position (%)
2023 244 110

2022-2023 244 120 49.08
2022 243 129
2021 211 92
2019-2021 2020 203 205 83 87 42.60
2019 201 87
2018 201 89
2016-2018 2017 195 197 86 90 45.52
2016 195 94
2015 151 47
2013-2015 2014 140 144 33 36 25.29
2013 140 29
Source: Human Resources Management Office
Figure 174: Number of Plantilla Positions and Vacancies, 2013 to 2023
208
Municipal Employees Profile
The Municipality has a total of 745 employees, which is composed of 112 (15.03%) permanent
employees, 3 (0.40%) temporary employees, 99 (13.29%) casual employees, 458 (61.48%) job order
employees, 8 (1.07%) consultant employees, 62 (8.32%) contract of service employees and 3 (0.40%)
co-terminus. Although total male employee population (418 or 56.11%) outweigh the total female
population (327 or 43.89%), permanent employees reflect that there are more female than male, 64
(57.14%) and 48 (42.86%) respectively. (Table 138)
Table 138: Municipal Employees by Status of Appointment and Gender, 2023
Status of Number of Employee Percentage to Total Number of Employee
Appointment Total Male Female Total Male Female
Permanent 112 48 64 15.03 42.86 57.14
Temporary 3 3 0 0.40 100.00 0.00
Casual 99 57 42 13.29 57.58 42.42
Job Order 458 271 187 61.48 59.17 40.83
Consultant 8 3 5 1.07 37.50 62.50
Contract of Service 62 35 27 8.32 56.45 43.55
Co-terminus 3 1 2 0.40 33.33 66.67
Total 745 418 327 100.00 56.11 43.89
Figure 175: Employee Distribution

by Status of Appointment, 2023
Figure 176: Employee Distribution

by Status of Appointment and
Gender, 2023
209
These employees are distributed in twenty-seven (27) municipal departments/offices/units and national
government agencies located in the municipality, wherein nearly one-third of the total number of
municipal employees are designated at the Mayor’s Office (223 or 29.93%). More so, Mayor’s Office
has the largest share of casual (45 or 45.45%) and job order (162 or 35.37%) employees. Similarly,
Kolehiyo ng Subic has the largest number of permanent (24 or 21.43%) and contract of service (58 or
93.55%) employees. (Table 139)
Table 139: Municipal Employees by Department and by Status of Appointment, 2023
No. of Employees
Department/Office/Agency
Total Permanent Temporary Casual Job Order Consultant Contract of Service Co-terminus
Municipal Departments/Offices
1 Mayor’s Office 223 9 0 45 162 0 4 3
2 Municipal Accounting Office 16 4 0 5 7 0 0 0
3 Municipal Agriculture 8 2 0 3 3 0 0 0
4 Municipal Assessor 6 1 0 2 3 0 0 0
5 Barangay Affairs Office 9 0 0 1 8 0 0 0
6 Business Permit Licensing Office 6 0 0 3 3 0 0 0
7 Municipal Budget Office 7 3 0 2 2 0 0 0
8 Municipal Engineering Office 20 9 0 4 7 0 0 0
9 General Services Office 7 2 0 2 3 0 0 0
10 Municipal Health Office 42 18 0 3 21 0 0 0
11 Human Resources Management Office 6 3 0 2 1 0 0 0
12 Municipal Civil Registrar 7 4 0 2 1 0 0 0
13 Kolehiyo ng Subic 96 24 3 3 8 0 58 0
14 Market Office 46 5 0 9 32 0 0 0
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and
15 7 3 0 2 2 0 0 0
Management (MDRRM)
Municipal Planning and Development
16 5 2 0 1 2 0 0 0
Office (MPDO)
Municipal Social Welfare and
17 13 5 0 0 8 0 0 0
Development Office (MSWDO)
18 Public Employment Service Office 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0
19 Sangguniang Bayan & Vice Mayor 11 9 0 0 0 2 0 0
20 Municipal Treasurer’s Office 18 9 0 6 0 3 0 0
21 Subic Fire and Rescue 50 0 0 0 50 0 0 0
22 Market Marshall 31 0 0 0 31 0 0 0
23 Traffic Management Bureau 33 0 0 0 33 0 0 0
24 SMSG 34 0 0 0 34 0 0 0
25 Alternative Learning System 37 0 0 0 37 0 0 0
National Government Agency
1 Commission on Audit 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
2 Commission on Elections (COMELEC) 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
Total 745 112 3 99 458 8 62 3
Percentage 100.00 15.03 0.40 13.29 61.48 1.07 8.32 0.40
Table 140: Municipal Employees by Gender and Age Group, 2023
In Table 140, the age group 25-29 makes Number of Employee
Percentage to Total Number
Age Group of Employee per Age Group
up a relatively large proportion which is
Total Male Female Total Male Female
equivalent to 13.02% while the age group 15-19 6 4 2 0.81 66.67 33.33
of 15-19 represents the smallest portion of 20-24 49 22 27 6.58 44.90 55.10
1%. In terms of the male-female 25-29 97 57 40 13.02 58.76 41.24
30-34 85 53 32 11.41 62.35 37.65
proportion of the municipal employee 35-39 87 45 42 11.68 51.72 48.28
population, the age groups 15-19, 30-34, 40-44 95 57 38 12.75 60.00 40.00
and 40-44 have the biggest share of 45-49 86 46 40 11.54 53.49 46.51
50-54 87 52 35 11.68 59.77 40.23
66.67%, 62.35%, and 60.00%, 55-59 75 44 31 10.07 58.67 41.33
respectively. In 2023, the median age 60-65 66 34 32 8.86 51.52 48.48
was computed at 42 years, which means 66 and older 12 4 8 1.61 33.33 66.67
Total 745 418 327 100.00 56.11 43.89
that half of the employee population was
younger than 42 years old, while the other half is older than 42 years old (Table 140 and Figure 177).
210
Figure 177: Age-Gender Population of Municipal Employees, 2023
Table 141: Educational Attainment of Municipal

Employees, 2022
In terms of educational attainment, voc-tech and Percentage to
high school graduates comprised the largest Educational Attainment Number
Total
combined share of 46.17% while post graduates Post Graduate 99 13.29%
and college graduates comprised a combined
College 212 28.46%
percentage of 41.74%. The remaining 10.20% are
elementary graduates while less than 2% has not Voc-Tech 92 12.35%
completed elementary education. It indicates that a High School 252 33.83%
significantly large percentage of municipal Elementary 76 10.20%
employees are well-educated, which contributes to None 14 1.88%
the efficient delivery of public service. (Table 141 Total 745 100.00%
and Figure 178)
Figure 178: Educational Attainment of Municipal Employees, 2023
211
Table 142: Municipal Employees by Eligibility, 2023
The personnel who are eligible comprised of Eligibility Number %
only one-third of the total number of
municipal employees, which is composed of RA 1080 (Bar/Board Examination) 117 24.63
25% with RA 1080 Eligibility, 6% with Career Career Service Professional 27 5.68
Service Professional Eligibility, 2% Career
Career Service Subprofessional 9 1.89
Service Subprofessional Eligibility, 1% with
Barangay Official Eligibility, 1% who were Barangay Official Eligibility 4 0.84
granted Skills Eligibility pursuant to CSC MC MC 11 (Skills Eligibility-Category II) 3 0.63
11 and1% for CES-WE. On the other hand,
the remaining two-thirds of the total number Career Executive Service-Written Examination 1 0.21
of municipal employees, which is composed None 314 66.11
of 314 employees or 66% are not eligible. Total 475 100.00
Figure 179: Municipal Employees by Eligibility, 2023
Existing Information Systems
In line with the Department of Information and Communications Technology’s (DICT) goal to improve
the nation’s digital readiness and maximize the potential of the digital economy, this section aims to
present the existing information systems being used by the Municipality contributing to the overall state
of local governance. At present, the Municipality utilizes the following information systems:
 Quantum GIS
 CBMS – StatSimPro 6.0
 Integrated Business Permit and Licensing System (iBPLS)
 Road and Bridge Information System (RBIS)
 Philippine Civil Registry Information System (PhilCRIS)
 Civil Registry Information System (CRIS) – DOS version
 Subic Civil Registry Information System (SCRIS) – in progress
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NGA-Mandated Plans
In order to efficiently perform the functions devolved to the LGU, the Municipality has formulated some
of the National Government Agencies mandated plans that are linked to the province’s and/or regional
development goals, to wit:
 Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2014-2024
 Comprehensive Development Plan 2019-2024
 Gender and Development Plan 2022
 Solid Waste Management Plan 2024-2033
 Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2022-2024
 Forest Land Use Plan 2021-2025
Public Financial Management
The assessment on the proper and efficient use of public funds needs to be regularly conducted by the
Municipality to support the delivery of basic services to Subiqeños. It aims to analyse the three (3)
critical areas of public financial management: generating revenues, allocating resources, and
managing expenditures. The criteria used in analyzing the results were based on the Enhanced Public
Financial Management Assessment Tool for Local Government Units (e-PFMAT for LGUs).
Revenue Generation
The Municipality’s income came from the two major groups of revenues, the Tax Revenue and the
General Income. Tax Revenue is composed of the local taxes collected from various sources including
fines and penalties. It also includes Shares from National Taxes (IRA, EVAT, and Eco Zone) while the
General Income consists of these income sub-groups: Service Income, Business Income, and Other
Income (COA, 2018, p.23).
The average local sources from 2018-2022 represents Php80M or 18.25% of the total revenues while
external sources amount to Php360M or 81.75%. This shows that the Municipality is highly dependent
on the external sources, particularly the National Tax Allotment (NTA) or the formerly Internal Revenue
Allotment (IRA), which represents 67.37% of the total revenue. (Table 143 and Table 144)
Table 143: Revenue from All Sources, 2018-2022
2018 2019 2020
Source % to % to % to % to Increase/ % to % to Increase/
Amount Amount Amount
Source Total Source Total Decrease Source Total Decrease
A. Local Sources 68,519,645.09 19.48% 76,349,655.48 19.05% 7,830,010.39 73,921,711.40 17.26% -2,427,944.08
Tax Revenue 40,098,614.55 58.52% 50,067,315.46 65.58% 9,968,700.91 49,623,685.72 67.13% -443,629.74
Property 12,023,965.80 17.55% 17,087,512.96 22.38% 5,063,547.16 16,049,251.60 32.34% -1,038,261.36
11.40% 12.49% 11.59%
Goods and Services 27,432,640.48 40.04% 32,264,153.41 42.26% 4,831,512.93 32,859,387.13 66.22% 595,233.72
Community Tax 642,008.27 0.94% 715,649.09 0.94% 73,640.82 715,046.99 1.44% -602.10
General Income 28,421,030.54 41.48% 26,282,340.02 34.42% -2,138,690.52 24,298,025.68 32.87% -1,984,314.34
Service Income 17,269,990.51 25.20% 18,866,296.28 24.71% 1,596,305.77 17,057,049.67 70.20% -1,809,246.61
8.08% 6.56% 5.67%
Business Income 11,151,040.03 16.27% 7,416,043.74 9.71% -3,734,996.29 7,240,976.01 42.45% -175,067.73
Other Income 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00% 0.00
B. External Sources 283,206,446.28 80.52% 324,479,244.38 80.95% 41,272,798.10 354,344,426.82 82.74% 29,865,182.44
Share from National Taxes 282,049,401.95 99.59% 324,124,287.74 99.89% 42,074,885.79 341,004,867.61 96.24% 16,880,579.87
Internal Revenue Allotment 227,935,167.00 80.48% 251,533,982.00 77.52% 23,598,815.00 283,085,628.00 79.89% 31,551,646.00
80.19% 80.86% 79.62%
Share from Expanded Value Added Tax 0.00 0.00% 834,814.12 0.26% 834,814.12 0.00 0.00% -834,814.12
Share from Economic Zone 54,114,234.95 19.11% 71,755,491.62 22.11% 17,641,256.67 57,919,239.61 16.35% -13,836,252.01
Other Shares, Grants & Donations 1,157,044.33 0.41% 354,956.64 0.11% -802,087.69 13,339,559.21 3.76% 12,984,602.57
Share from PCSO 1,057,044.33 0.37% 0.33% 354,956.64 0.11% 0.09% -702,087.69 199,559.21 0.06% 3.11% -155,397.43
Grant and Donation in Cash 100,000.00 0.04% 0.00 0.00% -100,000.00 13,140,000.00 3.71% 13,140,000.00
Total Revenue and Receipts 351,726,091.37 400,828,899.86 49,102,808.49 428,266,138.22 27,437,238.36
Source: Commission on Audit (COA) Audit Reports for the Municipality of Subic, 2018-2022
213
Table 144: Revenue from All Sources, 2018-2022 (cont’d.)
2021 2022 Average Average
Average
Source % to % to Increase/ % to % to Increase/ Percentage to Percentage to
Amount Amount Revenue
Source Total Decrease Source Total Decrease Revenue Source Total Revenue
A. Local Sources 67,847,650.94 15.92% -6,074,060.46 114,895,586.95 19.36%
47,047,936.01 80,306,849.97 18.25%
Tax Revenue 44,709,262.6565.90% -4,914,423.07 59,062,934.7651.41% 14,353,672.11 48,712,362.63 11.07%
Property 10,307,628.3023.05% -5,741,623.30 19,948,308.2533.77% 9,640,679.95 15,083,333.38 18.78%
10.49% 9.95%
Goods and Services 33,518,496.4274.97% 659,109.29 37,918,541.9364.20% 4,400,045.51 32,798,643.87 40.84%
Community Tax 883,137.93 1.98% 168,090.94 1,196,084.58 2.03% 312,946.65 830,385.37 1.03%
General Income 23,138,388.2934.10% -1,159,637.39 55,832,652.1948.59% 32,694,263.90 31,594,487.34 7.18%
Service Income 15,893,744.1468.69% -1,163,305.53 16,554,849.4429.65% 661,105.30 17,128,386.01 21.33%
5.43% 9.41%
Business Income 7,244,245.3431.31% 3,269.33 37,843,085.5567.78% 30,598,840.21 14,179,078.13 17.66%
Other Income 398.81 0.00% 398.81 1,434,717.20 2.57% 1,434,318.39 287,023.20 0.36%
B. External Sources 358,273,372.24 84.08% 3,928,945.42 478,447,448.60 80.64%
120,174,076.36 359,750,187.66 81.75%
Share from National Taxes 357,264,931.7099.72% 16,260,064.09 478,034,890.4399.91% 120,769,958.73 356,495,675.89 81.01%
Internal Revenue Allotment 303,401,997.0084.68% 20,316,369.00 416,274,122.0087.01% 112,872,125.00 296,446,179.20 82.40%
83.84% 80.57%
Share from Expanded Value Added Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 166,962.82 0.05%
Share from Economic Zone 53,862,934.70 15.03% -4,056,304.91 61,760,768.43 12.91% 7,897,833.73 59,882,533.86 16.65%
Other Shares, Grants & Donations 1,008,440.54 0.28% -12,331,118.67 412,558.17 0.09% -595,882.37 3,254,511.78 0.74%
Share from PCSO 1,008,440.54 0.28% 0.24% 808,881.33 412,558.17 0.09% 0.07% -595,882.37 606,511.78 0.17%
Grant and Donation in Cash 0.00 0.00% -13,140,000.00 0.00 0.00% 0.00 2,648,000.00 0.74%
Total Revenue and Receipts 426,121,023.18 -2,145,115.04 593,343,035.55 167,222,012.37 440,057,037.64 100.00%
The total revenue ranging from Php352M in 2018 to Php593M in 2022 have been increasing for the
past five years, except in 2021 which slightly lowered the revenue by Php2M or 0.50%. The 2018
revenue rose by 68.69% in 2022, which generated an average annual increase of 13.74%. This
indicates that the Municipality’s local revenue is improving although it only represents less than one-fifth
of the total revenue. (Figure 180)
Figure 180: Total Revenue, 2018-2022
Revenue from local sources has increased from Php69M in 2018 to Php115M in 2022, a total increase
of 67.68% for the five-year period or an average annual increase of 13.54%. There was a slight
downward trend in the 2019 to 2021 local revenues of around Php6M-Php8M primarily due to the
economic downturn brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic, but it managed to regain previous
revenue levels and it reached Php115M by 2022 – an increase of 39.24% against the 2021 revenue
and the highest recorded level of increase for the past five years. (Figure 181)
214
Figure 181: Revenue from All Sources, 2018-2022
For the period 2018-2022, taxes on Goods and Services have the largest average share of roughly
Php33M (40.84%) out of the Php80M total revenues from local sources, which consists of entirely
business tax. Service Income amounting to around Php17M ranked second with an average share of
21.33% followed by Property Taxes equivalent to Php15M (18.78%) and Business Income amounting
to Php14M (17.66%). On the other hand, those revenues with the lowest average share of the total
revenues from local sources are Community Tax (1.03%) and Other Income (0.36%). (Figure 182)
.
Figure 182: Average Revenue from Local Sources, 2018-2022
215
A significantly large percentage of the average revenue from external sources came from the Internal
Revenue Allotment amounting to Php296M (82.42%), while the remaining 17.58% were sourced from
the Share on Economic Zone (16.64%), Grant and Donation (0.73%), Share from PCSO (0.17%), and
Share from Expanded Value-Added Tax (0.05%) (Figure 183).
Figure 183: Average Revenue from External Sources, 2018-2022
Resource Allocation
Multi-year fiscal planning and budgeting
The CLUP 2014-2024, a long-term plan for the built environment and land use change, serves as the
main reference in the overall planning and budgeting process of the Municipality. The programs and
projects identified in the CLUP were translated into programs, projects and activities (PPAs) in the
medium-term Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) 2019-2024. This ensures that PPAs to be
implemented are in consonance with the preferred urban form for Subiqeños.
Table 145: Municipal Development Goals
Sector Municipal Goals
Social Improved quality of life through education and security for all, equitable access to quality to
health and social welfare services, housing security, and preserved open spaces
Economic Highly commercialized and industrialized city
Infrastructure Responsive built environment
Environment Sustainable development in agriculture and eco-tourism
Institutional Politically-stable and responsive community
Source: Subic CLUP 2014-2024
The PPAs in the CDP were translated into a 3-year Local Development Investment Program (LDIP) and
Annual Investment Program (AIP), a public investment programming which links the plan to the
216
municipal budget (DILG, 2008, p.161). In choosing which programs and projects are to be included in
the LDIP/AIP, the Municipality endeavour to adhere to the following principles (DILG, 2008, p.162-163):
1. Put emphasis on asset-forming expenditures – It includes hard (infrastructure) and soft

(investment in people) projects;
2. Enhance the strategic nature of public investments – It must lead to improved public services,
influence private investments;
3. Strengthen the spatial basis of the investment program – It should support the realization of the
desired urban form in the CLUP;
4. Limit projects to those “owned” by the Municipality – It should only include those projects
wherein the LGU is solely or principally responsible, as enumerated in basic services devolved
to LGUs (Sec. 17, RA 7160);
5. Improve local fiscal management – It involves the adoption of other fiscal management
approaches in revenue generation and credit financing; and
6. Stress on participatory, consultative process – All sectors and areas of the Municipality should
be given the opportunity to be heard on all matters that affect their lives.
Annual Budget Preparation and Authorization Phases
All of the items of appropriation in the Appropriation Ordinance covering the Annual/Supplemental
Budgets were based on the approved AIP, which was enacted by the Sangguniang Bayan within the
specified period and approved by the Mayor prior to the start of the budget year. The Municipality also
follows the timely submission of the Appropriation Ordinance authorizing the Annual Budget to the
appropriate reviewing authority. For 2018-2020, the Municipality adheres to a fixed budget calendar for
budget and authorization phases as presented in Table 146.
Table 146: Compliance in the Budget and Authorization Process, 2018-2020
Actual Date or Period Completed
Process Fixed Budget Calendar
2018 2019 2020
AIP Preparation January 1 to June 15 05/29/2020
Issuance of Budget Call June 16-30 or 1st week of July 06/16/2018 06/16/2019 06/16/2020
Submission to LCE of detailed Statement
On or before July 5 07/03/2018 07/04/2019 07/03/2020
of Income and Expenditures
Preparation and submission of budget
On or before July 15 07/11/2018 07/12/2019 07/13/2020
proposal by the Departments
Conduct of technical budget hearings on
July 16-August 31 08/16/2018 08/15/2019 08/10/2020
budget proposals
Consolidation for Budget Proposals into
September 16-30 09/19/2018 09/27/2019 09/28/2020
the Local Expenditure Program (LEP)
Preparation of the Budget Message and
submission of the Executive Budget to the On or before October 16 10/05/2018 10/08/2019 10/06/2020
Sanggunian
Enactment of the Appropriation Ordinance
authorizing the Annual Budget for the Upon receipt of the Executive
11/12/2018 11/25/2019 11/09/2020
ensuing fiscal year by the Local Budget up to December 31
Sanggunian
Approval/Veto of the Appropriation Within 1O days from receipt of
12/02/2018 12/07/2019 12/01/2020
Ordinance by the LCE the AO
Within 3 days from the
Submission of the Annual or Supplemental
approval by the LCE of the
Budgets to the appropriate reviewing 12/04/2018 12/10/2019 12/02/2020
Annual or Supplemental
authority
Budgets
Source: Budget Office
217
Financial Self-reliance of MEEs
Municipal Economic Enterprises (MEEs) are income-generating establishments created for the
purpose of improving production and delivery of basic services, which includes income from Kolehiyo
Ng Subic (KNS), public market, slaughterhouse, and cemetery operations as well as fees collected for
garbage and hospital and rent and interest income. For the period 2018-2022, the average total
income generated by the MEEs amounting to around Php14M nearly covered half of its Php30M total
financial requirements. However, MEEs generated the highest income in 2022 where it was able to
cover almost 90% of its total financial requirements. This means that MEEs should exert their best
efforts in terms of income generation through various strategies such as regular collection of rentals
and imposing penalties for late payments.
Table 147: Financial Requirements of Municipal Economic Enterprises (MEEs), FY 2019-2021
Total Financial
Total Income of Total LGU Transfers % of Total Financial Req't % of Total Financial Req't
Year Requirements for
all MEEs to MEEs covered by Income covered by Transfers
Operations of all MEEs
2018 28,257,780.80 11,151,040.03 17,106,740.77 39.46 60.54
2019 26,649,841.44 7,416,043.74 19,233,797.70 27.83 72.17
2020 24,287,448.40 7,240,976.01 17,046,472.39 29.81 70.19
2021 29,314,680.64 7,244,245.34 22,070,435.30 24.71 75.29
2022 42,751,490.00 37,843,085.55 4,908,404.45 88.52 11.48
Average 30,252,248.26 14,179,078.13 16,073,170.12 42.07 57.93
Notes:
1. Total Financial Requirements for Operations are provided by the Budget Office
2. Total Income of all MEEs are derived from the Commission on Audit (COA) Audit Reports 2018-2022
Comprehensiveness
Notes: of Budget Information
1. Total Financial Requirements for Operations are provided by the Budget Office
2. Total Income of all MEEs are derived from the Commission on Audit (COA) Audit
For Reports
the past2018-2022
four (4) years, the budget information in the Appropriation Ordinance covering
the Annual
Budget were comprehensive and the supporting documents were complete, which includes the
following:
1. Appropriation Ordinance (Receipts program, expenditure program, general provision, and
summary of new appropriation)
2. Budget Message
3. Transmittal Letter
4. Annual Investment Program
5. Personnel Schedule
Public access to information
In pursuant to the “Full Disclosure Policy” as provided for in the DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2019-
149 dated 30 August 2019, the Municipality must comply with the posting of financial reports in at least
three (3) conspicuous places (Municipal Hall lobby, Public Market, Municipal Health Office), in the Full
Disclosure Portal, and within the prescribed period to keep their constituents informed on how the
Municipality’s budget is managed, disbursed and utilized. It also aims to promote transparency, thus
preventing the misuse of public funds.
The Municipality has complied with the posting requirement for all of the documents that need to be
posted in three (3) conspicuous places. Likewise, the Municipality is exerting its best efforts in its
compliance with the posting of the documents in the Full Disclosure Portal within the specified period.
218
Fund Utilization
The Municipality’s expenditure for the year 2018-2021 is presented in Table 148 and Table 149
wherein the total expenditure ranges from Php444M to Php498M.
Table 148: Expenditures, 2018-2022

2018 2019 2020
Sector/Purpose % to Sub- % to % to Sub- % to % to Sub- % to
Amount % to Total Amount % to Total Amount % to Total
sector Sector sector Sector sector Sector
General Public Services 270,104,523.36 315,291,415.39 252,345,866.15
-Personal Services 44,497,867.84 16.47% 51,302,408.27 16.27% 54,943,786.22 21.77%
60.83% 65.41% 53.40%
-MOOE 164,216,040.23 60.80% 179,965,922.26 57.08% 194,360,179.93 77.02%
-Capital Outlay 61,390,615.29 22.73% 84,023,084.86 26.65% 3,041,900.00 1.21%
Social 53,983,900.29 58,677,699.76 62,131,891.56
*Education 7,346,614.94 7,639,582.50 14,696,823.48
-Personal Services - 0.00% - 0.00% - 0.00%
13.61%
-MOOE 7,346,614.94 100.00% 7,639,582.50 100.00% 13.02% 14,696,823.48 100.00% 23.65%
-Capital Outlay - 0.00% - 0.00% - 0.00%
*Health, Nutrition and
37,469,143.58 44,067,053.75 41,361,793.59
Population Control
-Personal Services 10,595,882.41 28.28% 69.41% 12.16% 10,964,681.19 24.88% 75.10% 12.17% 10,937,989.68 26.44% 66.57% 13.15%
-MOOE 26,873,261.17 71.72% 33,102,372.56 75.12% 30,423,803.91 73.56%
-Capital Outlay - 0.00% - 0.00% - 0.00%
*Social Services and Social
9,168,141.77 6,971,063.51 6,073,274.49
Welfare
-Personal Services 3,717,549.63 40.55% 16.98% 3,797,825.40 41.42% 11.88% 4,231,978.14 46.16% 9.77%
-MOOE 5,356,692.14 58.43% 3,173,238.11 34.61% 1,811,597.35 19.76%
-Capital Outlay 93,900.00 1.02% - 0.00% 29,699.00 0.32%
Economic 50,792,404.84 37,743,928.07 47,064,316.69
11.44% 7.83% 9.96%
-MOOE 39,269,532.41 77.31% 27,149,808.61 71.93% 30,364,228.51 64.52%
-Capital Outlay 28,995.00 0.06% - 0.00% -
LDRRMF 20,829,725.25 10,708,853.75 33,630,769.25
4.69% 2.22% 7.12%
-MOOE 20,829,725.25 100.00% 9,656,317.42 90.17% 33,630,769.25 100.00%
-Capital Outlay - 0.00% 1,052,536.33 9.83% - 0.00%
20% Development Fund 23,537,613.41 25,069,158.73 41,466,661.35
5.30% 5.20% 8.77%
-MOOE 5,000,000.00 21.24% 5,000,000.00 19.94% - 0.00%
-Capital Outlay 18,537,613.41 78.76% 20,069,158.73 80.06% 41,466,661.35 100.00%
Others 5,135,588.17 10,691,005.89 4,701,837.34
1.16% 2.22% 0.99%
-MOOE 1,069,829.38 20.83% 1,738,195.00 16.26% - 0.00%
-Capital Outlay - 0.00% - 0.00% - 0.00%
Debt Service 19,673,191.99 23,872,138.81 31,259,624.41
Financial Expense 6,525,762.51 33.17% 4.43% 8,574,709.33 35.92% 4.95% 10,807,009.27 34.57% 6.61%
Amortization 13,147,429.48 66.83% 15,297,429.48 64.08% 20,452,615.14 65.43%
Total Expenditures 444,056,947.31 482,054,200.40 472,600,966.75
Total Personal Services 74,370,936.10 16.75% 85,611,845.21 17.76% 91,515,679.56 19.36%
Total MOOE 269,961,695.52 60.79% 267,425,436.46 55.48% 305,287,402.43 64.60%
Total Capital Outlay 80,051,123.70 18.03% 105,144,779.92 21.81% 44,538,260.35 9.42%
Total Debt Service 19,673,191.99 4.43% 23,872,138.81 4.95% 31,259,624.41 6.61%
219
Table 149: Expenditures, 2018-2022 (cont’d.)
2021 2022
Average Rate of Average Rate of
Average Amount
Sector/Purpose % to Sub- % to % to Sub- % to Expenditure per Expenditure to
Amount % to Total Amount % to Total of Expenditure
sector Sector sector Sector Sector/Purpose Total Expenditure
General Public Services 275,211,780.07 310,720,443.79 284,734,805.75
-Personal Services 63,346,035.71 23.02% 67,150,433.48 21.61% 56,248,106.30
55.47% 52.36% 57.22%
-MOOE 210,269,661.86 76.40% 242,397,000.31 78.01% 198,241,760.92
-Capital Outlay 1,596,082.50 0.58% 1,173,010.00 0.38% 30,244,938.53
Social 68,571,933.98 85,575,583.79 65,788,201.88
*Education 15,353,178.98 14,813,170.65 11,969,874.11
-Personal Services - 0.00% - 0.00% -
18.19%
-MOOE 15,353,178.98 100.00% 22.39% 14,813,170.65 100.00% 17.31% 11,969,874.11
-Capital Outlay - 0.00% - 0.00% -
*Health, Nutrition and
45,017,803.50 60,149,476.52 45,613,054.19
Population Control
-Personal Services 11,714,794.58 26.02% 65.65% 13.82% 12,803,716.14 21.29% 70.29% 14.42% 11,403,412.80 69.33% 13.22%
-MOOE 33,293,408.92 73.96% 47,345,760.38 78.71% 34,207,721.39
-Capital Outlay 9,600.00 0.02% - 0.00% 1,920.00
*Social Services and Social
8,200,951.50 10,612,936.62 8,205,273.58
Welfare
-Personal Services 5,651,142.39 61.64% 11.96% 5,624,805.96 61.35% 12.40% 4,604,660.30 12.47%
-MOOE 2,427,909.11 26.48% 4,985,830.66 54.38% 3,551,053.47
-Capital Outlay 121,900.00 1.33% 2,300.00 0.03% 49,559.80
Economic 60,169,021.22 82,373,587.86 55,628,651.74
12.13% 13.88% 11.18%
-MOOE 40,404,099.11 67.15% 58,776,458.43 71.35% 39,192,825.41
-Capital Outlay 338,585.00 0.56% 9,300.00 0.01% 75,376.00
LDRRMF 23,494,849.86 26,559,671.00 23,044,773.82
4.74% 4.48% 4.63%
-MOOE 23,494,849.86 100.00% 26,559,671.00 100.00% 22,834,266.56
-Capital Outlay - 0.00% - 0.00% 210,507.27
20% Development Fund 32,265,927.60 54,904,508.71 35,448,773.96
6.50% 9.25% 7.12%
-MOOE - 0.00% - 0.00% 2,000,000.00
-Capital Outlay 32,265,927.60 100.00% 54,904,508.71 100.00% 33,448,773.96
Others 3,430,693.08 6,387,686.53 6,069,362.20
0.69% 1.08% 1.22%
-MOOE - 0.00% 3,995,095.00 62.54% 1,360,623.88
-Capital Outlay - 0.00% - 0.00% -
Debt Service 32,962,177.07 26,935,273.60 26,940,481.18
Financial Expense 10,940,318.98 33.19% 6.64% 9,832,757.68 36.51% 4.54% 9,336,111.55 5.41%
Amortization 22,021,858.09 66.81% 17,102,515.92 63.49% 17,604,369.62
Total Expenditures 496,106,382.88 593,456,755.28 497,655,050.52
Total Personal Services 103,569,002.87 20.88% 111,559,376.54 18.80% 93,325,368.06 18.75%
Total MOOE 325,243,107.84 65.56% 398,872,986.43 67.21% 313,358,125.74 62.97%
Total Capital Outlay 34,332,095.10 6.92% 56,089,118.71 9.45% 64,031,075.56 12.87%
Total Debt Service 32,962,177.07 6.64% 26,935,273.60 4.54% 26,940,481.18 5.41%
Expenditures by Category/Expense Class
Analysing the expenditure of the Municipality according to the expenditure category/expense class for
the 5-year period, the highest amount was expended on Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses
(MOOE), which is equivalent to Php270M to Php399M, and accounts to 55%-67% of the total
expenditure. MOOE are those expenses which are used to support the operations of the Municipality
such as expenses for supplies and materials, transportation and travel, utilities, and the repairs, etc.
(DBM).
The five-year expenditure for Personal Services (PS) range from around Php74M to Php112M,
between 17% to 21% of the total expenditure, which is within the allowable spending limit of 45% of the
total expenditure. And lastly, around Php34M to Php105M or 7% to 22% of the total expenditure was
utilized for the Capital Outlay/Capital Expenditures (CapEx), which are expenditures for the purchase of
goods and services, the benefits of which extend beyond the fiscal year and which add to the assets of
the Municipality (DBM).
220
Figure 184: Expenditure by Category/Expense Class, 2018-2022
The highest expenditure by category/expense class for 2018-2022 was computed at Php313M or
almost three-fourths of the total average expenditure and was expended on Maintenance and
Operating Expenses (MOOE), while the remaining portion were spent on Personnel Services (Php93M)
and Capital Outlay (Php64M) (Figure 185).
Figure 185: Average Expenditure by Category/Expense Class, 2018-2022
Expenditures by Function
Another way to analyse the municipal expenditures is in consonance with the Classification of
Functions of Government (COFOG), wherein expenditures are classified according to the function or
socio-economic objective that the Municipality aims to achieve (DBM, n.d.). COFOG is an international
standard, which allows international comparison of expenditures categorized into ten (10) sectors, as
follows:
1. General Public Services – for general administration such as lawmaking, fiscal management,
foreign affairs, public debt transactions, and other governance or regulatory services, among
others.
2. Defense – for military defense, civil defense, foreign military aid, research and development for
defense, and defense against cybercrimes, among others.
3. Public Order and Safety – for police services, law courts, fire protection services, and
maintenance of prisons, among others.
221
4. Economic Affairs – for general economic, commercial, and labor affairs; agriculture, forestry,
fishing, and hunting; fuel and energy; mining, manufacturing, and construction; transport; and
communication, among others.
5. Environmental Protection – for waste management, pollution abatement, biodiversity and
landscape protection, waste water management, research and development on environmental
protection, and other environment protection endeavours.
6. Housing and Community Amenities – Expenditures to support the housing needs, including
of the poor and those in disaster-prone areas. This sector likewise provides for another basic
human need — potable water supply.
7. Health – for hospital services, public health services and health insurance of indigents, and
medical products and equipment, among others.
8. Recreation, Culture and Religion – Expenditures to ensure the preservation of Filipino
cultural heritage and respect for religious diversity, as well as the promotion of sports.
9. Education – for pre-primary and primary education, secondary and tertiary education, and
school buildings, among others.
10. Social Protection – for programs and projects that cater to the poor and the marginalized
sectors, senior citizens, persons with disabilities, and survivors affected by disasters, and those
in conflict-affected areas.
For the purpose of analyzing the Municipality’s expenditure by function, Figure 186, which is a
summary of Table 148 and Table 149, shows that the Municipality is using six (6) expenditure
categories. With reference to Table 148 and Table 149, the amount for Debt Service was included in
the General Public Services, DRRM expenditures was categorized as Public Order and Safety, while
Economic Affairs include Development Fund expenditure since most of the development projects are
related to agriculture (farm-to-market roads), transport (roads and bridges), and construction (other
public facilities).
The chart in Figure 186 revealed that for the past five years, around Php312M or almost two-thirds of
the total expenditures were spent for the General Public Services. The Economic Affairs was computed
at a rate of 18% share of expenditure amounting to Php91M, while the remaining 19% were distributed
to Health at Php46M (9%), Public Order and Safety at Php23M (5%), Education at Php12M (2%),
Social Protection at Php8M (2%), and Others at Php6M (1%).
Figure 186: Average Expenditure by Function, 2018-2022
222
It is to be noted also that there should have been a recorded amount for the Environmental Protection
Sector, as the Municipality has spent tipping fee for solid waste collection. Another thing to be
considered by the Municipality is that the Development Fund and Others should have also been
categorized as social, economic, or environmental development projects.
National Fund Utilization
The Municipality benefits from the national funds to supplement the implementation of various
development and disaster risk reduction and management projects.
Table 150: Fund Utilization, 2018-2022

2018 2019 2020
Type of Fund
Amount Utilized % Amount Utilized % Amount Utilized %
20% Development Fund 45,587,033.40 15,043,721.02 33.00% 50,306,796.40 44,960,123.98 89.37% 56,722,817.40 55,816,461.29 98.40%
DRRM Fund 20,911,008.35 20,829,725.25 99.61% 21,113,199.10 10,708,853.75 50.72% 51,848,542.43 50,172,994.28 96.77%
Quick Response Fund (QRF) 6,273,302.51 6,273,302.50 100.00% 6,333,959.72 0.00 0.00% 36,497,555.89 35,563,319.79 97.44%
QRF (Current Year) 6,273,302.51 6,273,302.50 100.00% 6,333,959.72 0.00 0.00% 6,343,970.81 6,343,970.81 100.00%
QRF (Previous Year) 0.00 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00%
Mitigation Fund (MF) 14,637,705.85 14,556,422.75 99.44% 14,779,239.38 10,708,853.75 72.46% 14,802,598.54 14,609,674.49 98.70%
MF (Current Year) 14,637,705.85 14,556,422.75 99.44% 14,779,239.38 10,708,853.75 72.46% 14,802,598.54 14,609,674.49 98.70%
MF (Previous Year) 0.00 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00%
Grants from NDRRMF 0.00 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00 0.00% 548,388.00 0.00 0.00%
Source: Commission on Audit (COA) Annual Audit Reports 2018-2022
Table 151: Fund Utilization, 2018-2022 (cont’d.)

2021 2022 Average
Type of Fund
Amount Utilized % Amount Utilized % Amount Utilized %
20% Development Fund 60,680,399.40 34,857,649.49 57.44% 83,254,825.00 56,699,469.92 68.10% 59,310,374.32 41,475,485.14 69.93%
DRRM Fund 32,169,391.69 31,247,225.00 97.13% 27,515,410.69 26,559,671.00 96.53% 30,711,510.45 27,903,693.86 90.86%
Quick Response Fund (QRF) 9,784,938.29 9,056,164.65 92.55% 8,706,886.64 7,978,113.00 91.63% 13,519,328.61 11,774,179.99 87.09%
QRF (Current Year) 7,048,454.96 0.00 0.00% 7,978,113.00 0.00 0.00% 6,795,560.20 2,523,454.66 37.13%
QRF (Previous Year) 2,736,483.33 0.00 0.00% 728,773.64 0.00 0.00% 693,051.39 0.00 0.00%
Mitigation Fund (MF) 21,736,065.40 21,543,138.35 99.11% 18,808,524.05 18,581,558.00 98.79% 16,952,826.64 15,999,929.47 94.38%
MF (Current Year) 16,446,394.90 0.00 0.00% 18,615,597.00 0.00 0.00% 15,856,307.13 7,974,990.20 50.30%
MF (Previous Year) 5,289,670.50 0.00 0.00% 192,927.05 0.00 0.00% 1,096,519.51 0.00 0.00%
Grants from NDRRMF 648,388.00 647,922.00 99.93% 0.00 0.00 0.00% 239,355.20 129,584.40 0.00%
Source:
Notes:Commission on Audit (COA) Annual Audit Reports 2018-2022
1. DF amount utilization for 2018 was computed based on the COA
Development
observations Fund (DF) COA Audit Report, p. 75.
in the 2018
Section
2. 2018 287 QRFofandRAMF7160 mandates
fund utilization wasthe LGUfrom
sourced to “appropriate
2018 COA AAR,inp. its annual budget no less than twenty
84
percent (20%) of its annual
3. 2019 DRRM amounts were based on the COA observations in the 2019
Internal
COA Audit Revenue
Report, p. 51. Allotment
(IRA)
4. 2020 DRRM for amounts development
were based on the COA observations in the 2020
projects” commonly known
COA Audit Report, p. 44.; as STF amounting to Php10,106,008.38 and
available
utilized STF amounting to Php 9,079,650.56 were not included in the table
thesince20% Development Fund
it is not categorized as QRF or MRF
(DF). Relative
5. DF amount to that,
utilization thewas sourced from the COA observations in
for 2020
DBM-DOF-DILG
the 2020 COA Audit Report, p. Joint
35.
Memorandum Circular (JMC) sourced from the COA observations in the
6. 2021 DF amount utilization was
2021 COA Audit Report, p. 36.
No.Notes:
12021
7. DF
dated November 4, 2020
LDRRM fund was sourced from from the COA observations in the
1. amount
provides for
2021 COAforAudit
utilization the Report,
2018 guidelines
p. 45. on
thewas computedappropriation
based and
utilization
on the COA of the 20% DF.
observations in the
2018 COA Audit Figure 187: Development Fund Utilization, 2018-2022
Report, p. 75.
2. 2018 QRF and
MF fund utilization
was sourced from
2018 COA AAR, p.
84
Page3. invalid
2019 DRRM without the seal of En.P. PRC No. 450, Republic Act No. 10587 Section 5.(d) expert witness.
amounts were based
on the COA
observations in the
223
Relative to the above, the 20% DF was not optimally utilized in financing the Municipality’s priority
development projects, as evidenced by the percentage of utilization ranging from 33% to 98% for the
period 2018 to 2022 (Figure 188) with an average percentage of utilization computed at 69.93%. In
response to that, the Municipality is doing its best on the adequate planning and close monitoring of the
projects to ensure its effective and efficient implementation. Likewise, adherence to the following shall
be observed in the appropriation and utilization of the 20% DF (DBM-DOF-DILG, 2020):
1. The 20% DF shall be utilized to finance the LGU’s priority development projects, which should
be harmonized with the Regional Development Plan and the Philippine Development Plan;
2. The development projects that may be included shall be those that are necessary, appropriate,
or incidental to efficient and effective local governance, and those which are essential to the
promotion of the general welfare of the people;
3. The LGUs shall ensure that the development projects to be funded are well-planned and
procurement-and-implementation-ready.
There was a total of thirty-two (32) proposed development projects for 2022, twenty-eight (28) for social
development and seven (7) for economic development. The projects were mostly for the
construction/improvement/repair of roads and drainage, which accounts to nearly 69% of the total
number of projects. The remaining portion was utilized for construction/improvement of facilities such
as multi-purpose hall, public market, slaughterhouse, and Kolehiyo ng Subic.
LDRRM Fund
Section 21 of the Republic Act No. 10121 provides that the LGU shall appropriate LDRRMF amounting
to not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources to support DRRM
activities. The LDRRMF is composed of a thirty percent (30%) lump-sum allocation for Quick
Response Fund (QRF) upon declaration by the Sangguniang Bayan that the LGU is in a state of
calamity, and the seventy percent (70%) allocation for disaster prevention and mitigation,
preparedness, response, rehabilitation and recovery (NDRRMC-DBM-DILG, 2013).
The 70% Mitigation Funds

for 2018-2022 were utilized
for programs, projects and
activities such as those
related to (a) Covid-19-
and Dengue; (b) MDRRM
vehicles, equipment and
medical supplies; (c)
insurance of personnel;
and (d) relief goods.
Figure 188: 70% DRRM Fund

Utilization, 2018-2022
The average utilization rate of DRRM Fund was computed at 76%. It is the Municipality’s goal that the
70% DRRM Fund could be optimally utilized annually not just to ensure that Subiqueños are well
prepared before, during and after a disaster but also to minimize the socio-economic and environmental
impacts of disasters and climate change.
224
Development Legislation
The Sangguniang Bayan, as the legislative body of the Municipality, has the authority to make policies
and rules in the form of ordinances and resolutions that promote the development and general welfare
of Subic.
To date, it has enacted the Resolution is an expression of sentiments, declaration of a will,

following codes in compliance with decision or positioning being rendered by the members of a
deliberate body on certain issues and matters of public interest
the national codes to affect its and having no permanent value but only temporary in character.
local implementation: three (3) - Elaine Grace (Local Legislative Process)
codes for social sector, two (3) https://prezi.com/fzky10mizlce/local-legislative-process/ -
codes for the economic sector,
and two (2) for the environment
sector.
Ordinance is a local law, a regulation of a general, permanent

nature, and a rule established by authority.
- Discano v. Gatmaitan, G.R. No. 1226, Oct. 31, 1960) -
Table 152: Local Codes

Sector Title
Social Gender and Development Code
Health and Sanitation Code
Traffic Code
Economic Revenue Code
Market and Slaughterhouse Code
Environment Environment Code
Zoning Ordinance
In 2020, there were 98 resolutions and ordinances enacted by the Sangguniang Bayan, the greatest
number of the total resolutions and ordinances enacted for the past three years. On the other hand, the
sector with the highest average of the total resolutions and ordinances enacted is the institutional sector
(41), followed by the social sector (24) wherein 9 are relating to education sub-sector, 7 to health sub-
sector, 3 to social welfare and development sub-sector, 3 to public order and safety sub-sector, and 1
to sports and recreation sub-sector. (Table 153)
To ensure that the Sangguniang Bayan perform its mandate to approve ordinances and pass
resolutions necessary for the efficient and effective municipal government, it should also focus in
formulating policies, rules and regulations relating to the environment and special areas such as green
growth, urban design and development, heritage conservation, and ancestral domain.
225
Table 153: Enacted Resolutions and Ordinances by Sector, 2020-2022
2020 2021 2022
% of Ord
Sector to Total % of Ord % of Ord
Total Ord Res Total Ord Res Total Ord Res
per to Total to Total
Sector
Social 35 6 29 12 1 11 26 3 23
Health 12 5 7 5 0 5 5 0 5
Education 17 1 16 4 0 4 5 0 5
Social Welfare & Development 2 0 2 17.14% 1 0 1 8.33% 5 0 5 11.54%
Public Order and Safety 2 0 2 1 0 1 5 0 5
Housing 2 0 2 1 1 0 4 3 1
Sports and Recreation 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Economic 5 2 3 9 5 4 4 0 4
Agriculture 0 0 0 4 0 4 2 0 2
Forestry 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
40.00% 55.56% 0.00%
Commerce & Trade 3 1 2 5 5 0 1 0 1
Industry 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tourism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Infrastructure 7 1 6 5 5 0 0 0 0
Transportation 4 0 4 4 4 0 0 0 0
Power 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
14.29% 100.00% 0.00%
Water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solid Waste 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
ICT 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Environment 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
CCA-DRR 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Freshwater 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100.00% 100.00% 0.00%
Forest 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Coastal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Biodiversity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Special Area 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
Green Growth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urban Design and
0 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0 0.00%
Development
Heritage Conservation 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
Ancestral Domain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Institutional 50 7 43 14.00% 34 34 0 100.00% 39 5 34 12.82%
TOTAL 98 17 81 17.35% 62 47 15 75.81% 70 8 62 11.43%
226
Figure 189: Total Ordinances and Resolutions, 2020-2022
LGU-CSO-Private Sector Linkages
Good governance does not solely depend on developing the internal capacity of the Municipality. With
regards to that and in adherence to the provision of RA 7160 to promote the establishment and
operation of people’s organizations, non-governmental organizations (both generally termed as civil
society organizations [CSOs]), and the private sector, the Municipality is constantly strengthening its
partnership with them. This partnership enables and empowers the citizens to actively participate in
the decision-making process, program planning and implementation, monitoring and evaluation, which
makes the Municipality more responsive and efficient in the delivery of basic services to Subiqeños.
The above mandate requires the accreditation of CSOs, which is being held starting first day of July
until the last day of August for the purpose of representation to the Local Special Bodies (LSBs),
particularly the LDC, Local Health Board (LHB), Local School Board (LScB), and Local Peace and
Order Council (LPOC). Presented on Table 154 are the applicable guidelines for the selection of LSB
representatives.
Table 154: Applicable Guidelines for the Selection of LSB Representatives
Local Special Bodies Guidelines for the Selection of Representative
Local Development Council  Section 106 of RA 7160
 DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2022-083, pp. 13-14
Local Health Board  RA 7160, Sec. 102
 DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2022-083, p. 14
Local School Board  Sec. 98 of RA 7160
 DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2022-083, p. 15
Local Peace and Order Council  Article 63 of the IRR of RA 7160
 Section 1 of Executive Order No. 309 s. 1987, as amended by Section
1(b) and (d) of Executive Order No. 773 s. 2009
227
As of 2022, there are twenty-seven (27) CSOs that are operating in the municipality wherein 44% are
accredited, with economic sector as the most represented sector at a rate of 30%.
Table 155: Civil Society Organizations, 2023
No. of Members President Sector Represented Other
Name of Organization Accredited Recognized
Total M F M F Social Economic Environment Existing
Alyansang Nagkakaisang Kapitbahay Neighborhood Association, Inc. (ANAK)   
Bahay Kubo Neighborhood Association, Inc.   
Barangay Naugsol San Pedro Neighborhood Association   
Calapacuan Multi-Purpose Cooperative   
Calapandayan Fishermen's Multi-Purpose Cooperative (CFMPC)   
Cawag 2 Tribal Association, inc.   
Cawag Association, Inc.   
Cawag Mountain View Association   
Community Service with
Kabalikat Radiocom Integrity(KRCAI)
Philippines (CSI-IG)In. (Subic Zambales Chapter, Shield   
Base)   
Matain Calapacuan Tricycle Operator and Driver Association (MCTODA Inc.)   
Pag-asa Youth Association of the Philippines (PYAP)   
Samahan at Ugnayan ng mga Mangingisda sa Matain   
Samahan ng Malayang Mamamayan ng Sitio Agusuhin Subic Zambales
  
(SMMSASZ,INC.)
Samahan ng Kababaihan ng Sitio Bukid, Inc.   
Samahang Magsasaka ng Daligan Irrigators Association, Inc.   
Sitio San Martin Association Incorporated (SAMAKANA)   
Subic Bay Centennial Lions Club (SBCLC) (District 301-D2)   
Subic Communication Emergency Response Team (Subic CERT)   
Subikeňa   
Subic District Teachers Employees Association (SUDTEA)   
Subic San Narciso San Felipe Operators and Drivers Transport Service Cooprative
  
(SSFODTSC)
The Chosen Kapatiran Association, Inc.   
Timber Ville Neighborhood Assn., Inc.   
Zambales United Guardians Brotherhood Organization (ZUGBO)   
Cawag Samahang Mamumukot  
Samahang Magsasaka ng Mangan-vaca (Samma)  
Subic Cawag Tricycle Operations Driver Association (Scatoda)  
Task Force Kasanag Inc.  
Zambales Professional Photagraphers Association, Inc.  
Zambales Accredited Basketball Referees League (Zambrel)  
Law Enforcement Hotline Movement, Inc. (Lehm)  
Twin Water Falls Irrigators Association, Inc.  
Kabalikat Civicom Association Incorporated  
St. Columban Community Extension Center Foundation, Inc. in partnership with St.
 
Francis Learning Center Foundation
Subic Cawag Hanjin Operators and Drivers Service Transport Cooperative
 
(SCHODSTC)
Bicol Association of Subic, Inc.  
Mangan-vaca Riverside Neighborhood Association, Inc.  
Nagyantok Village Homeowners Association, Inc.  
Police Hotline Movement, Inc.  
Samahan ng Mamamayan sa Kumunidad ng Nagtulong, Inc.  
Samahang Mangingisda ng Asinan Proper (SMAP)  
Subic Agro Forestry Industrial Producers Cooperative (SAFCO)  
Subic San Felipe Operators and Drivers Association (SSFTODA)  
Source: Office of the Sangguniang Bayan, MPDC Inventory of CSOs 2023
228
State of Local Governance
Republic Act 11292 otherwise known as The Seal of Good Local Governance Act of 2019 provides for
the recognition of the LGUs good performance in transparency and accountability in the use of public
funds, preparedness for challenges posed by disasters, sensitivity to the needs of vulnerable and
marginalized sectors of society, implementation of health programs, investment and employment
promotion, protection of constituency from threats to life and damage to property, and safeguarding the
integrity of the environment (RA 11292, Sec. 2). It aims to encourage LGUs to take on greater
challenges in efficiently delivering basic services for the general welfare of their constituents and in
enforcing existing laws. This section will tackle the Municipality’s performance in some of the criteria of
good local governance using the 2022 SGLG Technical Notes as the basis of the analyses.
Financial Administration and Sustainability

Objective: to uphold the practice of fiscal discipline and sustainability, and transparency and
accountability in the use of public funds.
The Municipality has been a Good Financial Housekeeping Passer for 2022 by complying with the
following indicators:
 The COA rendered a qualified audit opinion in the Municipality's Annual Audit Report (AAR) for
2021. It indicates that other aspects of operations were found to be in order. However, there
were certain material transactions and/or accounts have been found to be improper but are
considered as not so significant relative to the Municipality's total operations.
 It is compliant with the Full Disclosure Policy, as previously discussed in page 217.
On the other hand, the Municipality also boasts for having a positive local revenue growth as evidenced
by the positive increase of 69.34% in 2022 amounting to Php47M from the local revenue of Php68M in
2021 to Php115M in 2022, which indicates its capacity to generate own financial source. For the
breakdown of revenue from all sources, refer to Table 143 and Table 144 in page 212-213.
Business-Friendliness and Competitiveness

Objective: Enable pro-competitive policies and interventions, and facilitate ease of doing business
Citizens Charter
In pursuant to RA 11032 (The Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act),
the Municipality has an updated Citizen’s Charter, which describes and lists the requirements,
processes, and fees of a particular frontline services being rendered by all of the departments and
offices. In particular, the Citizen's Charter for securing business permits for new and renewal is visible
within the Business Permit and Licensing Office (BPLO) with a maximum of three (3) days processing
time for both new and renewal applications.
Local Economic Development (LED) Data
The Local Economic Development (LED) data shall be established by the Business Permit and
Licensing Office (BPLO) in compliance with DILG MC No. 2010-113 and DILG MC No. 2016-104 for
optimal use and reference of the Municipality and shall contain the following:
1. number of new businesses for the past two (2) years;
2. number of business renewals for the past two (2) years;
229
3. amount of capital investment derived from registered new businesses for the past two (2)
years; and
4. number of employees derived from registered new businesses and business renewals for the
past two (2) years.
Disaster Preparedness
Objective: Prevent and prepare for disasters, whether natural or human-induced, in order to strengthen their resilience
MDRRMC
The Municipal Disaster Risk and Reduction Management Council (MDRRMC), which was reorganized
by virtue of Executive Order No. 12 Series of 2022 in compliance with RA 10121 (Philippine Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010), approves, monitors and evaluates the implementation of
the MDRRM Plans and regularly review and test the plan consistent with other national and local
planning programs. They also ensure that disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
strategies are integrated into local development plans, programs and budgets. In the time of disasters,
they also recommend the implementation of forced or preemptive evacuation of local residents, if
necessary. The MDRRMC meeting is regularly being held at a minimum of once every three (3)
months.
MDRRMO
The established MDRRM Office with seven (7) personnel – three (3) permanent, two (2) job orders and
two (2) labor – is headed by the MDRRM Officer with staff complement responsible for operations &
training, administrative & warning, and research, planning & evaluation. Likewise, Executive Order No.
33 Series of 2022 reorganized the Subic Public Order and Safety Office (SPOSO) Emergency
Response Personnel (ERP) as the Operations and Warning Division of the MDRRMO who are
responsible with the disaster assistance response and emergency cases incidents in the municipality.
MDRRM Plan
One of the functions of the MDRRMC is to formulate and implement a comprehensive MDRRM Plan,
which covers four (4) thematic areas: prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and
rehabilitation and recovery. It provides for the identification of hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks to be
managed, DRRM approaches and strategies to be applied in managing said hazards and risk, and
monitoring and evaluation system
Social Protection and Sensitivity
Objective: Demonstrate responsiveness to the needs of, and facilitate meaningful engagement with the vulnerable and
marginalized sectors of society.
Gender and Development (GAD) Mechanisms

Gender and Development (GAD) is a development perspective that recognizes the equal contribution of
women and men in all aspects of development. It involves a process of identifying interventions which
transforms unequal gender relations into opportunities which equally benefit women and men.
The enactment of the Municipal Gender and Development (GAD) Code in 2018 provides for the
Municipality’s support for gender equality and women empowerment. This “ensures that both men and
women share equal benefits by opening a wide arena for their active participation in the community
development process including the exercise of their rights and providing equal opportunity among
themselves” (COA, 2022, p.69). The need to update the existing GAD Code shall be guided by the
PCW-DILG-DBM-NEDA Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) Nos. 2013-01 and 2016-01.
230
There is also a GAD Focal Point System (GFPS) organized through Executive Order No. 02-2022 with
“the primary function of assisting in the formulation of new policies to address women’s concerns and
gender-based issues, leading and facilitating the Municipality’s aim to mainstream women
empowerment and gender equality, and ensuring gender-responsiveness within the LGU’s systems,
structures, policies, programs, process, and procedures (COA, 2022, p.69). For CY 2022, the GFPS
was compliant with the formulation and submission of the GAD Plan and Budget (GPB) and
Accomplishment Report. Along with the creation of the GFPS, the GAD Monitoring and Evaluation
(GAD M&E) Team was also established to assess GAD-related programs, projects, and activities.
Section 37 of RA 9710 (Magna Carta for Women [MCW]) Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
mandates all LGUs to develop and maintain the GAD database as source of information for gender-
responsive planning, programming and policy formulation. Annex B of PCW-DILG-DBM-NEDA JMC
No. 2013-01 provides for the data requirements, which will serve as a guide for the Municipality to
establish the GAD database. The existing Municipality’s database may be utilized plus other sources of
primary and secondary information such as surveys, studies, focus group discussions (FGD) results,
progress reports, and monitoring and evaluation results. The GAD database can be used for the
following purposes:
1. To aid in gender analysis of the LGU situation by surfacing gender gaps and/or differences
among women and men in terms of their access to basic services and facilities, control of
resources and enjoyment of rights, privileges, benefits and rewards;
2. To inform the LGU on the extent of implementation and/or attainment of gender equality and
women’s empowerment goals and outcomes; and
3. To provide baseline data on the status of women and men in the LGU as provided for in
Section 41 of the MCW-IRR.
Violations Against Women and Children (VAWC) Mechanisms
Section 9(d) of RA 9710 and Section 12(D) of its IRR provides that all LGUs shall establish a Violence
Against Women’s (VAW) Desk in every barangay to ensure that violence against women cases are fully
addressed in a gender-responsive manner. On the other hand, to ensure coordinated national-local
actions against human trafficking, violence and exploitation, the Municipality has established a VAW
Desk at the MSWD Office to monitor the implementation of RA 9208 (Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of
2003) and RA 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004).
Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD)
RA 10410 (Early Years Act of 2013) aims to promote the rights of children to survival, development and
special protection with full recognition of the nature of childhood, the need to provide developmentally
appropriate experience to address their needs, and to support parents in their roles as primary
caregivers and as their children’s first teachers. The Municipality’s ECCD accomplishments include the
following:
1. 100% of ECCD Child Profile were encoded in the ECCD-Information System;

2. Complete data on ECCD Service Providers (Day Care Workers) and Facilities (Day Care
Centers) were provided to DSWD Field Office; and
3. 100% accomplishment rate in the implementation of the Supplementary Feeding Program
(SFP) Implementation Cycle.
231
Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) and Senior Citizens
The Municipality, with an estimated numbers of 665 PWDs and 8,142 senior citizens in 2022, is in
compliance with Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (Accessibility Law) as evidenced by the presence of
structural features such as ramps with handrails and PWD toilet that is wheelchair-accessible,
particularly in the municipal hall, Rural Health Unit, and public market.
To further institutionalize the implementation of the programs and services for PWDs, RA 10070
(Magna Carta for Disabled Persons amending RA 7277), provides for the establishment of a Persons
with Disability Affairs Office (PDAO).
Environmental Management
Objective: Uphold the integrity of the environment
The Municipality has a functional Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB) that convened regularly,
with the membership composition which is in accordance with Sections 11 and 12 of RA 9003. An
ordinance for the comprehensive solid management program in the Municipality of Subic has also been
enacted by virtue of Regulatory Ordinance No. 2015-05, which provides for the local strategies,
incentives, and penalties relating to solid waste management.
The 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan has already been submitted to the DENR-EMB and waiting
for its deliberation for approval. The approval and adoption of the SWM Plan will fully capacitate the
Municipality in the efficient management of solid wastes, particularly the implementation of the identified
strategies to safeguard the environment and comply with the provisions of Sections 2 and 17 of RA
9003.
The Municipality has no central/municipal Material Recovery Facility (MRF). The responsibility on the
establishment and maintenance of MRF are left to the barangays. As of August 2021, all barangays
established its own MRF, which demonstrates the Municipality’s efforts in its compliance with Section
32 of RA 9003 in safeguarding the environment by means of establishing designated facilities for
receiving, sorting, processing and storing compostable and recyclable materials in an environmentally-
sound manner. However, most barangays don’t have the technical capacity to properly manage the
MRFs, which resulted to non-monitoring of the volume of waste received, transferred, and disposed.
The Municipality has allotted an area for Sanitary Landfill Facility (SLF) and it is still looking for
additional two (2) sites as required by the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC).
It is also open to other sustainable solid waste management disposal technologies such as waste-to-
energy facility. For the meantime, the Municipality has acquired the services of a private hauler, the
Metro Clark Waste Management Corporation (MCWMC), for the final disposal of solid wastes.
Awards and Recognitions Received
Before the end of 2023, the Municipality received a Certificate of Recognition as the top performing
LGU in person with disability program implementation. Likewise, a Plaque of Commendation was
awarded to the LGU as a regional finalist in the 1st-3rd class municipality category of the 2023 Local
Legislative Award.
Gawad Kalasag Seal of Excellence has been awarded to the Municipality, conferred by the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council as a declaration of its being “Beyond Compliant” as
it exceeded the standards for the establishment and functionality of the LDRRMCOs as prescribed in
the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2001 (Republic Act No. 10121).
232
The Municipality has been a Good Financial Housekeeping Passer since 2016. It recognizes the
Municipality’s practice of financial transparency and accountability and instituted public reporting of the
budget and expenditures.
The Prime HRM Award from the Civil Service Commission (CSC) is a prestigious recognition of the
Municipality’s outstanding practice in meeting the criteria of the four (4) Human Resource Management
(HRM) areas namely: Recruitment, Selection, and Placement (RSP), Learning and Development
(L&D), Performance Management (PM), and Rewards and Recognition (R&R). The CSC also found
Municipality of Subic compliant with civil service laws, rules, and regulations on issuing appointments
and other HR programs and has maintained its HR records management.
Table 156: Awards and Recognitions, 2013-2023

Year Title
2023 Certificate of Recognition as Top Performing LGU in Person with Disability Program Implementation
Plaque of Commendation as a Regional Finalist in the 1st-3rd Class Municipality Category of the 2023 Local
2023
Legislave Award
2023 Gawad Kalasag Seal of Excellence
2022 Good Financial Housekeeping Passer
2013 Civil Service Commision - Prime HRM - Maturity Level II (Bronze)
233
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Subic Ecological Profile 2023

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i

Municipal Development Council

MDC RESOLUTION NO. 02-2023

UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED: December 15, 2023.

Transcribed by: Loretta A. Peligro

DR. GENARO G. RAMOSO, En.P., C.Eng’r.

HON. JONATHAN JOHN F. KHONGHUN

RESPECTFULLY PREPARED AND SUBMITTED

Profiler: Loretta A. Peligro

DR. GENARO G. RAMOSO, En.P., C.Eng’r.

Table 1: Soil Type ................................................................................................................................. 4

Figure 1: Soil Map ................................................................................................................................. 5

1. Allocate land areas for future development needs

Land and Water Resources

Table 1: Soil Type

Batiawan Undifferentiated Mountain Soil Suitable for agriculture 13,641.95 53.49

Cawag, Batiawan, Asinan

Figure 2: Landscape Map

Figure 4: Location of Mount Redondo and Mount Balakibok

Table 3: Land Classification, 2020

Table 5: Land Cover Definitions

Figure 7: Land Cover Map, 2010

According to a study conducted by

This information could indicate a

Figure 9: Map of Known Active Faults in Central and Northern

Figure 10: Distribution of Active Faults in Central Luzon, 2021

Figure 14: Drainage System Map, 2000

Table 6: Land Classification

Note: Land areas are recomputed based on the rate of land

Table 7: Ancestral Lands

Identified AD (part of R-III-ZAM-

Ongoing delineation process

Total 581 2,791 14,200.5219

Figure 16: Ancestral Lands

Table 8: Tenure in Forestlands

Subic has four (4) identified watersheds (CLUP 2001-2010):

Figure 17: Bigger Watershed Map

Figure 18: Sto. Tomas Watershed Administrative Map, 2022

Coastal and Marine Ecosystem

The location of municipal waters is presented in Figure 19.

Figure 19: Subic Municipal Waters

Figure 20: Foreshore Zone Map

The Fish Sanctuary located at Cawag Binictican Point (Northeast) (14°44’49.0”N,120°11’37.0E) to

Table 11: Location Coordinates of the Fish Sanctuary

Figure 21: Fish Sanctuary in Cawag

Table 13: Location Coordinates of the Permanent MPA Monitoring Stations

Coral Reefs in Coastal Barangays

Table 14: Criteria on Coral Reef Condition

Figure 24: Percentage of Coral Reef Composition, 2009

Coral Reefs in Subic MPA

Table 18: Fish Species, 2009

Profile of Coastal Barangays

Table 19: Profile of Coastal Barangays, 2023

Coastal Resources Maps

Figure 26: Coastal Resources Map of Baraca-Camachile, 2009

Figure 27: Coastal Resources Map of Calapacuan, 2009

Figure 28: Coastal Resources Map of Calapandayan, 2009

Figure 29: Coastal Resources Map of Cawag, 2009

Figure 30: Coastal Resources Map of Matain, 2009

Figure 31: Coastal Resources Map of Wawandue

Fish Catch Calendar Diagram

Figure 32: Calendar Diagram of Baraca-Camachile

Figure 33: Calendar Diagram of Calapacuan, 2009

Figure 34: Calendar Diagram of Calapandayan, 2009