SOLUTION

1. The density of water of a lake is 1.25 g ml–1 and one kg of this water contains 92 g of Na+ ions. What is
the molarity of Na+ ions in the water of the lake? (Atomic mass of Na = 23.00 u)
Ans: Density = Mass/ Volume
Also, the mass of solution = Mass of solute + mass of solvent
= 92 g + 1000 g = 1092 g
Hence, Volume of solution = 1092/ 1.25 = 873.6 ml
Molarity = (92/23) x (1000/ 873.6) = 4.578 mol L–1
2. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water is labelled as 10% (by mass). What would be
the molarity and molality of the solution? (density of solution = 1.2 g mL–1)
Ans: Mass of 1000 ml solution = 1.2 x 1000 = 1200 g
Hence, mass of glucose = 120 g (10% by mass)
mass of glucose 120
molar mass
Hence, molarity = = 180
= 0.67 mol L–1
volume of solution in litre 1
Mass of solute = 1200g – 120 g = 1080 g
mass of glucose 120
molar mass 180
molality = = = 0.617 mol/ kg
mass of solvent in kg 1.08
3. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar.
If the osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, calculate the
concentration of the other solution. Ans: 0.061 mol L–1
4. A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL of water has an osmotic
pressure of 0.335 torr at 25 0C. Assuming the gene fragment is non – electrolyte, determine its molar
mass.
0.335 35
Ans: 𝜋= atm, V = L, WB = 8.95 x 10–3 g, MB = ?
760 1000
𝜋V = nB RT
0.335 35 8.95 × 10−3
⇒ x = x 0.0821 x 298 ⇒ MB = 14.19 x 103 = 1.419 x 104 g mol–1
760 1000 MB
5. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litres of water
at 250C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
Ans: K2SO4 → 2K+ +SO4– –
i=n=3
25 × 10−3
𝜋V = i nB RT where V = 2 litres, nB = , R = 0.082 and T = 298K
174
6. A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60g mol–1) per litre of solution in water has the same
osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water. Calculate the
mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
Ans: In Isotonic solution, 𝜋1 = 𝜋2 ⇒ M1 = M2
W 1000 W 1000
⇒ M A × volume of solution = M B × volume of solution Ans: 45 g
A B
7. When 1.5 g of a non – volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of benzene, the boiling point of benzene
raised from 353.23 K to 353.93 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute.
(Kb for benzene = 2.52 K kg mol–1) Ans: 60 g mol–1

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8. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 x 10–2 g of K2SO4 in 2 L of
water at 250C, assuming it is completely dissolving.
(R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol–1, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol–1)
Hint: Formula used, 𝝅 V = i nBRT where, i = 3. Ans: 5.27 x 10–3
atm
9. A solution 0.1 M of Na2SO4 is dissolved to the extent of 95%. What would be its osmotic pressure at
270C? (R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol–1)
Ans: Na2SO4 → 2Na+ + SO4– –
i−1 95 i−1
∝ = n−1 ⇒ 100 = 3−1 ⇒ i = 2.90
𝜋 = iCRT = 2.90 x 0.1 x 0.0821 x 300 = 7.413 atm
10. 30g of urea (m = 60 g mol–1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for
this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298K is 23.8 mm Hg.
WB WB
P0A − PA MB PA MB W W
Ans: = xB = WB WA ⇒1– = WA [ M B <<< M A ]
P0A + P0A B A
MB MA MA
30
PA 60
⇒ 1 – 23.8 = 846 ⇒ PA = 23.54 mm Hg
18
11. 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution freezes
at –0.340C. What is the molar mass of the substance?
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1) Ans: 182.35 g mol–1
12. Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol–1) to be dissociated in 75 g of benzene to
lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol–1) Ans: 1.8 g
0
13. A solution containing 8 g of substance in 100 g of diethyl ether boils at 36.86 C where as pure ether
boils at 35.600C. Determine the molar mass of solute. [Kb for ether = 2.02 K kg mol–1]
Ans: 128.25 g mol–1
14. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60g of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in 250g
of water. [Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1] [Ans: 270.67 K or – 2.48 0C]
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15. A solution of glucose (Molar mass = 180 g mol ) in water has a boiling point of 100.200C. Calculate
the freezing point of same solution. Molar constants for water Kf and Kb are 1.86 K kg mol–1 and 0.512
K kg mol–1 respectively.
16. At 250C the saturated vapour pressure of water is 3.165 k Pa (23.75 mm Hg). Find the saturated vapour
pressure of a 5% aqueous solution of urea (carbamide) at the same temperature.
(molar mass of urea = 60.05 g mol–1) [Ans: 3.115 k Pa]
17. 1.00 g of a non – electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene
by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol–1) Ans: 256 g mol–1
18. A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of water.
This solution has a boiling point of 100.42 0C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this
solution? (Kb for water = 0.521 K kg mol–1) Ans: 37.73 g
19. Find the boiling point of a solution containing 0.520 g of glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in 80.2 g of water.
(Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol–1) Ans: 373.0187 K
20. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non – volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a vapour
pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute.
(Vapour pressure of pure water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg) Ans: 180 g mol–1
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21. An aqueous solution containing 12.48 g of barium chloride in 1.0 kg of water boils at 373.0832 K.
Calculate the degree of dissociation of barium chloride.
[Given: Kb for water = 0.52 K m–1, Molar mass of BaCl2 = 208.34 g mol–1]
Ans: Van’t hoff factor for BaCl2 = 3,
∆ Tb = i Kb m
12.48 1000
⇒ 0.0832 = i x 0.52 x 208.34 x 1000
⇒ i = 2.67

Initial number of moles 1 0 0

Final number of moles 𝛼 2𝛼

1-𝛼
after dissociation

Total number of moles after dissociation = 1 – 𝛼 + 𝛼 + 2 𝛼 = 1 + 2 𝛼

1+2𝛼
∴i=
1
⇒ 2.67 = 1 + 2 𝛼
⇒ 𝛼 = 0.835 ⇒ 𝛼 = 83.5 %
22. Calculate the amount of KCl which must be added to 1 kg of water so that the freezing point is depressed
by 2 K. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1) Ans: 40.05 g
23. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate the freezing
point of 10% glucose in water (by mass), if freezing point of pure water is 273.15K.
(Given: Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol–1, molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol–1)
Hint: 10 g solute in 90g water in both cases. Ans: 265.55 K
24. Calculate the freezing point depression expected for 0.0711 m aqueous solution of Na2SO4. If this
solution actually freezes at –0.3200C, what would be the value of van’t Hoff factor?
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1)

Freezing point depression (∆Tf) = 0 – (–0.320) = +0.320 0C

∆Tf = i x Kf × m ⇒ i = (0.320)/ (1.86) x (0.0711) = 2.42
25. 15g of glucose (m = 180 g mol–1) is dissolved in 150 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water
for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 200C is 17.5 mm Hg. Ans: 17.325 mm Hg
26. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5g of non – volatile solute in 95g of water. It has a vapour pressure
of 23.375 mm Hg at 250C. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (vapour pressure of pure water at
250C is 23.75 mm Hg) Ans: 60 g mol–1
27. Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10 g CaCl2 to 200g of water,
assuming that CaCl2 is completely dissociated.
(Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol–1, Molar mass of CaCl2 = 111g mol–1)

Here, i = 3,
𝑊 1000 10 1000
Hence, ∆ Tb = i Kb m = 3 x 0.512 x 𝑀 𝐵 x = 3 x 0.512 x 111 x = 0.69 K
𝐵 𝑊𝐴 200
Hence, boiling point of solution = 373 K + 0.69 K = 373.69 K
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