Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Installation Manual of 525
Installation Manual of 525
Allengers-525
(500 mA, 125 KVP X-RAY MAXHINE)
INSTALLATION/SERVICE MANUAL
Although all efforts have been made to keep this Manual simple to
understand, in case of any clarification, Allengers International Customer
Care Cell can be contacted for more detailed information on any aspect.
CONTENTS
1. System Overview………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Introduction………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Technical Specifications…………………………………….. 4
1.3 Description of Control………………………………………. 5
2. Packing List………………………………………………………. 9
3. Unpacking Instructions…………………………………………… 10
5. Installation Procedure……………………………………………. 16
8. Troubleshooting…………………………………………………… 46
1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Allengers 525 is an all-purpose high power Diagnostic X-Ray Generator, which caters to all
the requirements of generalized and specialized Radiography when used with Manual or
motorized table. This generator is also available in various options like Fluoro/Spot Filming
capabilities. This can also be made available for R+F Tables having I.I. T.V. System.
This unit incorporates State - of – the- Art technology and is designed keeping in mind the
diverse requirements of the Radiologists. It is a Solid State Silicon Rectified Unit (Two
Pulse) and consists of 50 KVA Static Balancer, Control Panel, High Voltage Tank, High
This unit can be supplied in different combinations of Tube Stands, Tables & Vertical Bucky
Stand as per individual customer requirement.
This machine is Type Approved for Electrical and Mechanical Safety Standards and for the
Radiation Safety (vide IS: 7620) from the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Govt.
of India, thus making it entirely safe from the Radiation Hazards.
2. H.V. TANK*
3. CONTROL PANEL
4. X-RAY TUBE
5. IMAGE INTENSIFIER*
6. TROLLEY WITH MONITORS*
7. TUBE STAND*
8. TABLE*
9. VERTICAL BUCKY STAND*
16 17 18 19 20
14 15
13
1
12
2
3 11
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Used to select Fluoroscopic KVP from 45 to 100 KVP in steps of 5 KVP. This
function works only in machines provided with Fluoroscopy mode.
4. Ready Switch:
5. X-Ray Switch:
X-Ray switch when pressed keeping the Ready switch pressed starts exposure.
Exposure terminates after preset time.
7. ON Switch/OFF Switch:
When (+) switch is pressed, Fluoro mA increases & when (-) switch is pressed,
Fluoro mA decreases.
This switch is used to reset the Fluoro timer after completing 300 seconds of Fluoro
exposure cycle.
Glows when selected parameters viz. KVP, mA, Time or input voltage exceed Tube
Rating Chart.
Used to select Radiographic mA from 100, 200, 300, 400 or 500 mA.
Displays Fluoroscopic mA. This function works only in machines provided with
Fluoroscopy. In Radiography machines, display remains blank.
Displays mAs as per mA selected from Technic selector and Time selected from
Timer switch.
20. mA Meter:
2. PACKING LIST
3. UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS
Optimum care is taken while packing the machine so that the machine must reach to the final
destination without any scratches and must be free from any transportation damages. The
machine is first packed in Polythene sheet & then further packing is done either using
foam/thermocole sheet. The outer carton could be of cardboard box or wooden ply packing.
The wooden boxes are packed with the nails and metallic strips wound with the nuts and
bolts.
The Service Engineer should study the following safety points before installing the machine
at the customer’s place:
• Always make sure that while unpacking the boxes the items contained in them do not
get damaged.
• While removing the screws, bolts or nuts from the boxes, make sure that the
instrument used for removing the screws, bolts or nuts do not penetrate in the box and
subsequently damage the contents of the box.
• Extra Care should be taken while opening the heavier items as any sort of
carelessness can cause injury to the person handling the item.
(i) Remove the metallic strips by opening the nuts and bolts with the spanners.
(ii) Remove the wooden packing from the sides by removing the nails. Care must be
taken so that the contents of the box are not hit accidentally.
(iii) Remove the thermocole packed material from the cardboard boxes after removing
the packing tapes used to close the boxes (wherever applicable) and then remove
thermocole packing sheet and polythene sheet by removing packing tape.
The unpacked parts must not be kept on the floor and can be kept on the packing sheets
removed earlier to avoid any scratches on the parts and to keep them clean. Do not touch the
parts with dirty hands or rub them with a piece of cloth to avoid any dirt marks on the parts.
Check the contents of Packing as per Packing List along with the machine and report any
damages or short shipments if any in prescribed format to Head Office.
4. INFRASTRUCTRAL REQUIREMENTS
Input Supply:
3 Phase 220/440 V AC
50/60 Hz.
Line Resistance of 0.2 Ohms
40 kW
Mains Switch: 100 Amps. 3 Phase, 220/440 Volt AC, 50/60 Hz.
Wiring Requirements:
Storage
Temperature 0 to 40o C
Humidity Maximum 90% at 30o C
Operating Conditions:
Temperature 10 to 40o C
Humidity Upto 80%
OPEN AREA
CHEST STAND
PROTECTIVE
BARRIER DOOR
(LEAD LINED)
TUBE STAND
CONTROL
PANEL
CHANGE
CASSETTE PASS ROOM
BOX
DOOR
DARK ROOM
LIGHT TRAP
AIR DOOR
CONDITIONER
The rooms housing diagnostic X-Ray units and related equipment should be located
as far away as feasible from areas of high occupancy and general traffic, such as
maternity and paediatric wards and other departments of the hospital that are not
directly related to radiation and its use.
2. Layout:
The layout of rooms in X-ray department should aim at providing integrated facilities
so that handling of X-ray equipment and related operations can be conveniently
performed with adequate protection. The number of doors for entry to the X-ray room
should be kept to the minimum. The doors and passages leading to the X-ray
installation should permit safe and easy transport of equipment and non-ambulatory
patients. The dark room should be so located that the primary X-ray beam cannot be
directed on it.
3. Room Size:
The room housing X-ray equipment must be spacious enough to permit installation,
use and servicing of equipment with safety and convenience for he operating
personnel, the servicing personnel and the patient. The room size must not be less
than the 25 sq. m. for a general purpose X-ray machine.
4. Shielding:
Appropriate structural shielding shall be provided for the walls, the ceiling and the
floor of the X-ray room so that doses received by workers occupationally exposed to
the radiation and the members of the public are kept to a minimum and shall not
exceed the annual effective dose equivalent limits of 50 mSv and 1 mSv respectively.
The doors of an X-ray room shall provide the same shielding as that of the adjacent
walls incase persons are likely to be present in front of them when the X-ray unit is
energized. Appropriate shielding must be provided for the dark room to ensure that
undeveloped X-ray films stored in it will not be exposed to more than an air kerma
rate of 10 uGy per week (approximately 1.13 mR per week).
Unshielded openings, if provided in an X-ray room for ventilation or natural light etc.
must be located above a height of 2.5 meters from the ground/floor level outside the
X-ray room.
6. Illumination Control:
7. Equipment Layout:
The X-ray equipment must be installed in such a way that in normal use the useful
beam is not directed towards control panel, doors, windows or areas of high
occupancy. The useful beam should preferably be directed towards unoccupied areas
of high occupancy. Sufficient area should be left around the X-ray table for safe and
free movement of equipment/trolley, radiology staff and service personnel.
8. Control:
In case of diagnostic X-ray equipment operating at 125 KV or above, the control must
be installed in a separate control room located outside but contiguous to the X-ray
room and provided with appropriate shielding, direct viewing and oral
communication facilities between the operator and the patient.
9. Waiting Areas:
A suitable warning signal such as a red light must be provided at a conspicuous place
outside the X-ray room and kept ‘ON’ when the X-ray unit is in use to prevent
inadvertent entry of persons not connected with the examination. An appropriate
warning placard must also be posted outside the X-ray room.
We suggest you to strictly follow the safety standards as applicable in your country for safety
from Electrical, Mechanical & Radiation related hazards.
No X-Ray unit hall be commissioned unless the layout of the proposed X-Ray installation is
approved by the competent authority i.e. BARC/AERB in India.
Please refer to such competent authority of your country for the X-Ray installation norms.
5. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
5.1 INTER CONNECTION WIRING DIAGRAM
Do the electrical connections of 525 X-Ray generator as per wiring diagram given on next
page. In case of Motorized table, details of electrical connections are given in installation
manual of table.
2 Ø O/P
(OPTIONAL)
MAIN
S/W
1. Plan the location of various parts of machine i.e. Control, Static Balancer, H.T. Tank,
Table, Tube Stand etc. in a X-Ray room (As per Room Layout Plan).
2. A proper Earth connection must be available & all parts of X-Ray machine must be
earthed.
3. Take measurements for lengths of different types of wires required as per their size.
4. Fix thimbles on different wires required for inter-connection of different parts as per
Inter connection details. Ensure that thimbles on all wires are not loose.
5. Connect 3 Phase supply from Mains switch to static balancer.
6. Connect common of static balancer to control’s Neutral terminal.
7. Connect either Low or High terminal of static balancer to control’s Line terminal
depending upon 3 Phase input voltage. If voltmeter reads less than 230 V by adjusting
voltage compensator switch then connect Line to High terminal of Static balancer and
if voltmeter reads more than 230 V by adjusting voltage compensator then connect
Line to Low terminal of static balancer.
8. Connect P1, P2 & Ground from control to H.T. tank’s P1. P2 & GND as shown in
inter connection details.
9. Connect filament connections from control to H.T. Tank as follows:
TS12-1 to mA of H.T. Tank
TS12-2 to XS of H.T. Tank
TS12-3 to A1 of H.T. Tank
TS12-4 to XL of H.T. Tank
10. Connect TS12-5 & 6 wires from terminal strip on H.T Tank for LBD supply of X-
Ray Tube.
11. Connect Rotor connections from control as follows:
For Toshiba Tube
TS5-1 to 5 on Tube Head
TS5-2 to 2 on Tube Head
TS5-3 to 3 on Tube Head
The Entire surface of the Bushing & Receptacle should be thoroughly cleaned for any dirt
or dust.
Jelly should be applied on the High Voltage Bushings of the HV Cables so as not to leave
any air between receptacles & bushings.
The Earth wire on the HV Transformer should be properly tightened.
All connections on the H.T. Tank & Tube Head should be firmly tightened.
Wires of proper gauge from the Mains Switch to the Phase Reducing Transformer
Proper couplers are fixed at the phase reducing transformer side and all wiring is
covered with a pipe
All holes are covered so that foreign elements cannot penetrate into the transformer
Humming sound of the transformer is within normal limits
Bare G.I./ Copper wire earthing fixed to the transformer
Phase reducing transformer is placed on a flat and even surface.
Thimbles connected to wires at Three Phase Input and Single Phase Output
Wiring from control to H.T. Tank is underground / fixed on wall covered with pipe &
G.I. Earthing wire running along with it.
FmA Knob has no play & the Pot is not broken (Incase of X-Ray Machine with
Fluoroscopy)
All wires are thimbled and fixed to terminals. Proper strain relief is used on wires so
All wiring reaching up to the Tank is covered with pipe and couplers fixed at ends.
High Voltage Cables are fixed firmly and oil/jelly is put in H.V. Cable receptacles.
Covers are fixed on H.T. Tank and screws are not loose.
H.V. Cable routing with Rotor, SFD and LBD Wire is proper.
PVC Tape with buttons is used for H.V. Cable harnessing and routing is uniform
throughout up to the Tube
H.V. Cables are not lying on floor and cables in no way obstruct the movement of the
vertical carriage.
H.T. Tank should not be obstructing the column (Round Pipe) movement while doing
under couch operations
6. CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
1. Switch ‘ON’ the Machine. The moment machine is switched On, Relay RE1
(ON/OFF relay) gets energized and closes its NO contacts.
2. Then relay RE1 becomes on as one contact of RE1-ON-OFF is connected in series
with RE1-Coil.
3. When RE1 become on it closes all its no contacts & supply to machine become
available.
4. When Machine becomes ON, Radio mode is selected by default.
Radiography Mode
5. If all parameters selected on control are within limits, Relay RE12 (O/L Relay),
which is in overload card gets energized and closes its NO contact (RE12B) in series
with Ready relay RE2 and opens its NC contact (RE12A) in line of O/L Indicator.
6. Small or Large filament of tube starts glowing depending upon mA station selected
from Technic selector. Also P2 of H.T transformer gets neutral supply.
7. On pressing the Ready switch, relay READY become ON in motherboard coil, which
further energies the Relay RE2 and Relay RE8 gets energized.
8. NO contact (RE2A) in line of filament gets closed and filament now gets boosted
voltage.
9. NO contact (RE2E) connected in series with Bucky supply gets closed.
10. NO contact (RE2H) connected in rotor circuit gets closed to supply neutral to current
transformers to complete the path of rotor and stator of Tube so that rotor starts
moving at 230 V.
11. NC contact (RE2I) connected to KVP card gets opened.
12. Due to flow of current in Current transformer’s (connected across rotor winding)
primary winding, voltage is induced in secondary and relay RE3 gets energized.
13. NO contact (RE3A) gets closed and gives supply of 24 V to timer card. Also the
RE3A close contact become open.
14. Due to flow of current in another current transformer’s (connected across stator
winding) primary winding, voltage is induced in secondary and relay RE3A also gets
energized.
15. NO contact (RE3AA) connected in series with relay RE6 (exposure start relay) gets
closed.
16. Due to supply of 24 V in timer circuit, capacitor of 470 µF in timer circuit starts
charging. After time delay of 0.8 or 1.5 seconds depending upon tube, capacitor gets
fully charged and supply is now available to Time Delay Relay RE4 in timer card so
that RE4 gets energized.
17. NC contact (RE4A) connected to 230 V for supplying this voltage to rotor gets
opened and NO contact (RE4A) connected to 70 V gets closed to supply 70 V to
rotor.
18. NC contact (RE4B) connected in series with 1K resistance across current transformer
gets opened so as to compensate the voltage drop across relay RE3 due to voltage cut
off from 230 V to 70 V.
19. Due to voltage drop across resistance of 6.2 ohms connected in series with 70 V
supply to rotor circuit, supply goes to input of bridge rectifier and relay RE5
connected across bridge rectifier’s output gets energized.
20. NO contact (RE5A) connected in line of relay RE6 (exposure start relay) gets closed.
21. As relay RE8 is energized (along with relay RE2), NO contacts (RE8A, RE8B &
RE8C) also gets closed.
22. On pressing X-Ray switch, exposure start relay RE6 gets energized.
23. NO contact (RE6B) connected overload relay RE12 in overload circuit gets closed.
This contact is used to bypass the overload Circuit during exposure time.
24. NO contact (RE 6C) connected in series with timer chain in timer circuit gets closed
and starts charging capacitor of 33 µF. NC contact (RE6C) connected across capacitor
gets opened.
25. Relay RE7 (Radio timer relay) gets supply from timer card and gets energized.
26. NO contact RE7A connected in series with SCR Relay RE20 gets closed.
27. Relay RE20 gets energized and closes its contact RE20A in SCR firing circuit to
trigger the SCR. Supply goes to P1 of H.T. Transformer and exposure starts.
28. After preset time selected from timer switch, 33µF capacitor gets fully charged and
supply to relay RE7 is disconnected. RE7 gets de—energized and NO contact
(RE7A) gets opened and de-energizes SCR Relay RE20.
29. Relay RE20 opens its contact in SCR firing circuit and exposure stops.
30. Relay RE15 (KVP Locking relay) is connected to KVP Locking card. KVP metering
transformer and KVP display transformer gives supply to KVP locking card, which in
turn energizes the relay RE15.
31. KVP locking card senses the P1P2 voltage and if KVP is more that 125 KVP it gives
supply to relay RE15 otherwise it keeps RE15 de-energized.
32. NC contact (RE15A) connected in series with RE8 contactor gets opened in case of
more KVP and thus exposure does not take place.
7.1.1 The equipment must be energized after ensuring that the input voltage is correct,
earthing is connected to the equipment, all connections are correctly made, polarity of
H.V. cables is confirmed at Tube Head & H.T. Tank, there are no loose connections
and rating of fuses is correct.
7.1.2 The equipment should be switched ‘ON’ and voltage must be set at 230 V on voltmeter
before initiating any other step.
7.1.3 Wait for 5 minutes before exposure is initiated to ensure proper warm up of the
equipment.
7.1.4 Check filament glow inside the Tube Head through its window. If small focus is
selected from Technic selector on control then small filament should glow and if large
filament is selected from Technic selector on control then large filament should glow.
7.1.5 Always start with low rated exposure at low kV, mA & time and then gradually
increase the factors.
7.2.7 Check that all displays i.e. Fma, mAS, KVP etc. glow at all time intervals selected and
at all mA stations.
7.2.8 In case of double tube machines check that at Fluoro selection, the undercouch tube is
selected and at radio selection overcouch tube is selected. This can be verified by
looking at window in tube head for glow of filament.
7.2.9 Press “Ready” switch & observe that rotor of tube is moving.
7.3.1 Set the voltage on voltmeter at 230 V AC i.e. pointer at red band. Now check the
voltage with calibrated Digital Multimeter connected across the voltmeter. Voltage on
voltmeter should be within + 2 Volts. If voltage is out of these limits then set the
pointer reading on voltmeter within + 2 Volts of indicated reading on digital
Multimeter with the help of adjusting screw on top of voltmeter window.
7.3.2 Check the Radiography Timer Accuracy by disconnecting P1-P2 from the Tank.
Connect the Time Interval Meter / Counter Meter to the 1 No. Terminal of the TS-7.
For this purpose open connection from terminal 1 of TS-7. Connect one end of the
Counter Meter to the Open Terminal and one end to the Terminal End from where the
Connection has been removed. Press Ready switch and make an exposure. Check the
timer accuracy at 3-4 stations. If the time setting is not accurate to + 2 %, then adjust it
from the 10k pot in the Timer Card located near heat sink. To increase the time, turn
the pot in anti-clockwise direction. To decrease the time, turn the pot clockwise.
10 k POT for
Rad exposure
Time
Adjustment
7.3.3 Check the Fluoroscopy Timer Accuracy. Make exposure at With the help of the Wrist
Watch or the Counter Meter check the Fluoro Timer. It should sound the buzzer after
5 Minutes. If buzzer does not sounds after 5 minutes then adjust it from the pot on the
Fluoro Timer Card. There are two pots on the Fluoro Timer Card. The upper pot of 10
kΩ on the Timer Card will increase the time duration if it is turned in the Anti-
Clockwise Direction. This is meant for the Fine Setting. The Lower Pot of 1 MΩ on
the Timer Card will increase the time duration if it is turned in the Clockwise
Direction. This is meant for the Coarse Setting.
10 kΩ POT 1 MΩ POT
OVERLOAD PCB
7.3.5 Check for the FmA Pot locking and the movement ending at the end of the circular
movement.
7.3.6 Advance Contact has to be visually checked for its presence in case of Radiography
Contactor RE 8 and Fluoro Contactor RE 9.
7.3.7 Check for the Rotor Delay Time of 0.8 Seconds in case of BEL and 1.5 Seconds in case
of Toshiba Tube. After Ready pressing, listen the ticking of the relay (RE4).
The Relay should tick after the time spans mentioned above. This time can be adjusted
from the pot of 10 kΩ in the Timer card.
10 kΩ POT
for Time
Delay
7.3.8 Check the mA in mA meter at all stations by making exposure at 70 KVP. Adjust the
mA if required as follows:
Separate bands are provided on resistances for F, 100, 200, 300, 400 & 500 mA. F
&100 mA bands are provided on small focus resistance and 200, 300, 400 & 500 mA
bands are provided on large focus resistance. If mA value is to be increased in mA
meter, then move the band for selected mA station in upwards direction. If mA value is
to be decreased then move the band for selected mA station in downwards direction.
7.3.9 Check the functioning of the Booster Transformer. Select following parameters:
(i) 100 mA, 70 KVP, 1.25 Seconds
The filament supply should be stable during the Exposure. This voltage is noted down
with the help of the calibrated Analog Multimeter placed between Xs and A1. These
are terminals 2-3 of TS12. If voltage is not stable during exposure across these
terminals, then adjust the booster resistance of 30 Ω, 200 W to achieve stability.
Booster
Resistance
7.3.11 Check the effect of space charge. Make exposures at the following parameters:
100 mA, 40 KV & 100 mA, 70 KV
Observe the mA at both the exposures. In case there is a variation of more than 5% in
the mA readings at two KVP values then adjust it from the space Charge Resistance
by moving band provided for 100 mA station.
Similarly, make exposure at 40 KV & 70 KV for 200, 300, 400 & 500 mA station.
And adjust the mA setting from bands on space charge resistances provided for 200,
300, 400 & 500 mA stations. After adjusting space charge resistance again calibrate
mA as per step 7.3.8
7.3.12 Check the Rotor Current of tubes. Place the calibrated tong tester around individual
terminals i.e. 1, 2, 3. Press the Ready Switch. Now note the two readings i.e. one
initially and second after some time delay for each terminal. The values of the
currents should be within the limits as follows:
Current Rotor Terminal Std. Values (BEL Tube) Std. Values (Toshiba Tube
E-7239X)
Starting Current 1 4.5-5.5 Amps. 5.8-6.2 Amps.
7.3.13 Check the Rotor Voltage of tubes. Place the calibrated Digital Multimeter between the
Terminals 1-2 and then between 1-3 and finally between 2-3. Press the Ready Switch.
Now note the two readings i.e. one initially and second after 0.8 seconds time delay
between each set of terminals. The values of the Voltages should be within the limits
as follows:
Voltage Rotor Terminals Std Values (BEL Tube) Std. Values (Toshiba Tube)
7.3.14 Check the P1-P2 voltage by placing calibrated digital Multimeter across P1-P2
terminals and making exposure as per following KVP chart. Voltages mentioned
below are No load voltages:
fine adjustment. Coarse pot when turned clockwise increases the KVP and vice-
versa. Fine pot when turned clockwise decreases the KVP. Pots on these cards will
affect the KVP settings at all stations. So, first adjust KVP at 100 mA station from
these pots and then adjust KVP at other mA stations from KVP adjusting bands on
resistances.
Coarse
Adjustment Pot
Fine Adjustment
Pot
KVP PCB
7.3.15 Check P1-P2 Current with Tong Tester. Also note down mA either visually on mA
meter or with the help of the mAS meter connected in series with the mA Meter.
The current mentioned in following chart is approximate value of current that flows
under normal operating conditions:
S.No. mA Station KVP Time (Seconds) P1-P2 Current
1 100 70 1.0 40 Amps.
2 200 70 0.8 80 Amps.
3 300 70 0.8 120 Amps.
4 400 50 0.8 160 Amps.
5 500 50 0.4 200 Amps.
7.3.16 Check L.B.D. Supply across TS12 terminals 5-6 and TS11 terminals 9-10 (In case of
Double Tank Combination only) with calibrated digital multimeter. It should be
within 24 ± 1 Volts.
7.3.17 Check Bucky Supply across TS12 terminals 7-8 and pressing Ready switch. It should
be within 230 ± 10 Volts. For this purpose the Bucky switch should be at IN position.
7.3.19 Check locking of KVP at upper position. If KVP selected is more than 120 KVP, then
exposure should not be initiated by pressing X-ray exposure switch. If exposure is
initiated on pressing X-ray exposure switch then adjust KVP locking as follows:
Select 100 mA and 121 KV. The Overload conditions should not persist. Adjust the
pot on the KVP locking Card and notice the ticking of the RE15 Relay. At this
position the pot should be left in its position. There are two pots for fine adjustment.
7.3.21 Check the No Load Current of the H.T. Transformer. No Load Current of the H.T.
Transformer should be less than 1 Amp. For this purpose disconnect A1 from the
Tank. Keep the factors at 100mA and 50 KV. Expose and then take reading by
placing calibrated instantaneous tong tester around P1 or P2.
7.3.22 Check Vertical Bucky Supply (Incase it is provided) by placing calibrated digital
multimeter between TS12-8 and TS12-9 terminals (In case of X-Ray generator
having Radiography only) and between TS9-8 & TS19-7 terminals (In case of X-Ray
generator having Fluoroscopy or Spot Filming capabilities). Press Ready Switch
(Vertical Bucky selected IN the circuit by Horizontal/Vertical Bucky switch) and note
the voltage. This voltage should be within 230 ± 10 Volts.
7.3.23 Check the Fluoro mA. Select Fluoro mode from control panel. Place calibrated tong
tester around P1 or P2 wires. Make exposure at maximum Fluoro mA by turning
Fluoro mA knob fully in clockwise direction and 70 KVP. Fluoro mA should display
3 mA and tong tester should display 1 Ampere. If reading is found different then
adjust it from F band on small focus resistance i.e. the same resistance from which
100 mA band is adjusted. If mA value is to be increased, then move the band for
selected mA station in upwards direction. If mA value is to be decreased then move
the band for selected mA station in downwards direction. At 1 Ampere on tong tester,
display should show 3 mA. If display value is not 3 mA, then adjust it from Fluoro
mA display card.
7.3.24 The Radiation and the Optical Field of the Collimator is always factory adjusted but in
case the adjustment gets disturbed then any shift in the X Axis can be adjusted with
the help of the Front Adjusting Screw. Any shift in the Y Axis can be adjusted with
the help of the Bulb. To check this select 100 mA, 60 KVP & 1 second. Place the
Fluoroscent screen under the collimator. Switch On the light field on collimator.
Adjust the light field to fall on area of fluoroscent screen. Switch OFF the light of
collimator and make exposure at selected factors in dark room. X-ray field must fall
on the area of fluoroscent screen. If alignment of light beam and X-ray field is not
matching then adjust either from front screw or bulb as required.
Press to ON
Switch
The aim of quality assurance (QA) tests in diagnostic radiology is to ensure good quality
images with optimal doses. Images of poor quality will necessitate retakes and can result in
unnecessary doses to patients, personnel and public and overloading of the machine. The
parameters that affect the quality of the image include:
The QA programme begins with the specification of performance of the equipment at the
manufacturing stage (performance standards tests) and then includes the tests after
installation in the hospital (acceptance tests) to ensure conformity with the specifications.
The QA tests are carried out thereafter at regular intervals, after repairs that might affect
performance and when equipment malfunction is suspected.
The rate of film rejection – in other words, the number of retakes – may indicate inefficient
operation and this should be periodically analyzed to ensure good QA. This could also help
to identify performance deterioration, which requires service attention.
The radiologists and the radiographers should be educated on the importance of the QA tests.
The importance of obtaining good quality images keeping the doses to levels as low as
reasonably achievable (ALARA) to patients, staff and public must be stressed.
Simultaneously, requirements in respect of filtration, collimator, leakage radiation, safe work
practices and proper installation planning must be fulfilled.
The Q.A Tests as specified in the local radiation safety standards may be carried out. Please
refer to your country’s directives with regard to this.
iii)
Check the mAs and KVP calibration.
a) Connect your mAs Meter in series with mA meter
Mounted on control and place your KVP meter under
the direct beam.
b) Make exposure at 70 KVP and note down the KV and
mAs readings. Then make exposure at 50KVP and
100KVP and note down the readings of mAs and KV
meter. mAs values should be approximately same at
all the three KVP stations.
c) To make the mAs value approximately same at all the
KV stations adjust the band of selected ma station of
the space charge resistance.
d) Similarly check and correct the mAs at all mA
stations.
42 RE-7 getting on and Check the timer resistance chain. Timer switch is not making
exposure beep is contacts.
blowing upon
pressing Ready
switch but no
exposure.
9.1 The Party Code stickers and our Contact Numbers should be pasted on the equipment as
per the place specified.
9.2 Technic chart should be fixed near the machine and operator/customer should be
explained the Technic chart.
9.3 The Service Engineer should demonstrate the equipment to the operator. The operator
should be given training on essential Do’s and Don’ts like ---
a. Use as much of Shielding material as possible, use lead screens, lead aprons, lead
goggles and shields etc.
b. Radiation Dose should be as low as reasonably achievable.
c. Use collimators/cones and collimate radiation field to the smallest possible area.
d. Before giving an exposure for the first time in the day, try to warm up the
equipment for 10-15 minutes. For this purpose simply switch ON the machine and
leave it as it is.
9.4 The Equipment should be handed over to the customer. The Installation Report should be
properly filled along with the Warranty Card and required Serial Nos.
To obtain the best results from the X-Ray Machine, following procedure should be observed in
Dark Room: -
1. A qualified and trained Radiographer should only be allowed to operate the
X-Ray Equipment.
2. Dark Room should be totally dark and no light should enter in the room.
3. Loading and unloading of films in the cassette should be done only in Dark Room under
standard safe light.
4. Films should be stored in Dry and Dark place.
5. The Intensifying screens should be handled with care and wet finger marks of any chemicals
should not touch the screens.
6. The Developer and the Fixer solutions should always be covered and preferably new
solutions to be prepared after every 20 days.
7. The Temperature of Developer and Fixer to be maintained between 25 to 30 Degrees.
8. Solutions should be stirred with wooden stick each time films are dipped. Separate wooden
sticks, each for developer and fixer should be used.
Lead Goggles
Protective Barrier
Lead Apron
Lead Gloves
Thyroid Shield
Gonad Shield
For optimum output of the equipment we should start writing the voltage drop during
exposure at Average working KVP Time and mA settings. This record at the time of
installation itself can be mentioned on the Machine History Card. The date and month of
Installation would help us actually know the extent of voltage drop as our experience
suggests that during the summer season; the voltage drop is on the higher side. During P.M
the Voltage drop can be checked with the reference value and is noted. Any increase in
Voltage Drop would thus be noticed and line checked for any loose connections etc. in the
mains switch/pole etc.
Inform customer in advance about your visit preferably through a letter/ telephone and agree
for a convenient time and date.
The following preventive maintenance procedure may be adopted for carrying out all P.M.
on the X-Ray Equipments.
A). GENERAL:
Whenever visiting for any Preventive Maintenance, please ensure to carry all the Tools,
Meters, Grease, Lubricants, Machine History Card and consumables like the dusters, polish
etc. Please make sure that your Multimeter is calibrated with a Standard Meter lying in your
Branch Office.
1. On reaching the Customer’s site enquire from Operator/Doctor for any specific
problems they are facing with the equipment.
2. Rectify first the problems as indicated by the customer and then proceed as under for
carrying out the Preventive Maintenance
1. Before attempting to carry out the P.M. switch ON the equipment and check the
working of the Machine electrically and mechanically. Observe for any flaws, which
should be rectified during the course of P.M.
2. Observe all the Electrical/Mechanical/Radiation precautions while performing the
P.M.
3. Switch OFF the Main Switch, open the cover and tighten any loose contacts/screws.
Also check the fuse wire Rating and it must comply with the Rating of the equipment
in operation.
4. Open the control panel cover. Keeping the Machine in “OFF” condition tighten all the
screws on the Terminal Blocks/Resistance Taps etc.
5. Check the rating of all the Glass Fuses and replace if necessary.
6. Open cover of X-Ray / Line Contactors and check that contacts are not worn out or
burnt. Check the operation of the X-Ray contactor. It should not be sticky.
7. Make the Machine “ON” and check the accuracy of the Voltmeter (On Red Band
your Multimeter should read 230 Volts).
8. On “NO LOAD” check the Accuracy of Timer with the cycle counter/ stopwatch.
9. Giving exposure at 65-70 KVP, check the mA output of Machine at different mA
Stations and calibrate the mA output if required. Calibration of the mA Meter should
also be verified with your Multimeter. Check P1-P2 current at this time. Observe for
any abnormal behaviour of the Machine i.e. sparking, sounds from the Tube Head,
H.T. Tank, Main Switch etc. Visually cheek the Voltage drop on your Voltmeter. It
should be within 10%. In case it is on the higher side, check if the wiring used in the
mains is of appropriate thickness. Advise the customer accordingly.
Also check the filament supply during the exposure. It should remain steady. If not,
adjust booster resistance settings.
10. In case of 300/500 mA Machines, check for Tube Rotor sound and space charge
settings (i.e. the mA output of any station remains same if the KVP is varied between
40 and 85). Adjust if required.
11. Check the working of the Line and X-Ray contactors and clean the core and the
contacts of the X-Ray contactor.
C). MECHANICAL
1. Check all the movements of Tube Head, Tube Stand and Tables. Check for
functioning of all locks and ensure that all movements are smooth and noiseless.
Specially check for Vertical Carriage Up/Down Movement. Rectify wherever
required. Remove old grease with cloth and apply fresh grease on all movement areas
(wherever applicable).
2. Open the Table Top and brush out all the dust settled on the Grid and on the Bucky
Motor Area. Clean, apply lubricant and check the Bucky play, it’s lock and tighten all
nuts/bolts/screws in the Table.
3. You must ensure that the alignment of the Center Ray of Light Beam diaphragm
matches with the Table center and Bucky center (Adjust if required).
4. In case of the Motorized Table check the working of following:
a. SFD Movements
b. Table Movements
c. Functioning of the limit switches at the Horizontal and the Vertical positions
d. Check the functioning of the Safety micro switches
e. Check the functioning of the Electromagnetic Locks, prep switch, Hand Switch and
the change over switch.
f. The movement of the Table
g. Functioning of the Motorized collimator shutters from SFD. Adjust if required.
5. Now check for Air Bubbles in Tube Head and ensure that all wires/cables on Tube
Head are tight. Check for bellow condition and any oil leakage. Ensure that the gap
between mA & G Plate is maintained at 2mm.
1. Clean the machine with dry cloth and for the stubborn stains, use cleaning agent and
polish. Do not allow any liquids to step in the control and other Electrical Areas.
Check the Dark Room and its accessories for the following:
1. No light leakage in the Dark Room.
2. Safe light is of proper intensity.
3. Films used should not be beyond the expired dates.
4. Cassette locks are not loose.
5. Screen Quality should be OK and no staining of the screens.
6. Developer and the fixer are fresh and their temperature is maintained properly.
7. Wooden sticks are available for stirring of the Developer and fixer.
8. Radiographer/Operator is trained to handle Dark Room Accessories.
G). GENERAL
1. Enquire if radiographer/Operator needs any training for use of equipment & impart if
necessary.
2. Handover Equipment to customer.
3. Explain/show equipment to customer, apprise him of jobs undertaken.
4. Fill Machine History Cards and get the card/report signed from customer.
5. Inform tentative date of next Preventive Maintenance.