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 The Complete Guide to

BATHROOMS Updated 5th Edition

Dazzling Upgrades & Hardworking Improvements

You Can Do Yourself

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 T
t

© 2018 Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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First published in 2018 by Cool Springs Press, an imprint of Names: Cool Springs Press, author. | Black & Decker Corporation
The Quarto Group, 401 Second Avenue North, Suite 310, (Towson, Md.), consultant.
Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. T (612) 344-8100 F (612) 344-8692 Title: Black & Decker the complete guide to bathrooms : design, B
www.QuartoKnows.com update, remodel, improve, do it yourself / by editors of Cool
Springs Press. B
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any Other titles: Complete guide to bathrooms
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in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and prior Group USA Inc., Cool Springs Press, 2017. | Includes index.
consent of the artists concerned, and no responsibility is accepted Identifiers: LCCN 2017047189 | ISBN 9780760361306 (sc) S
by producer, publisher, or printer for any infringement of copyright Subjects: LCSH: Bathrooms--Remodeling--Amateurs' manuals.
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have occurred and will resolve inaccurate or missing information in a Acquiring Editor: Mark Johanson
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NOTICE TO READERS
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For safety, use caution, care, and good judgment when following the procedures described in this book. The publisher and B
BLACK+DECKER cannot assume responsibility for any damage to property or injury to persons as a result of misuse of the
information provided.
The techniques shown in this book are general techniques for various applications. In some instances, additional
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techniques not shown in this book may be required. Always follow manufacturers’ instructions included with products,
since deviating from the directions may void warranties. The projects in this book vary widely as to skill levels required: S
some may not be appropriate for all do-it-yourselfers, and some may require professional help.
Consult your local building department for information on building permits, codes, and other laws as they apply to I
your project. S

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 The Complete Guide
to Bathrooms 5th Edition

Introduction 7

Planning & Designing Your Bathroom 9

GALLERY OF BATHROOMS 11

BATHROOM ELEMENTS 19
Bathtubs & Jetted Tubs 20
Showers 24
Sinks 26
Toilets & Bidets 28
Cabinets & Vanities 30
Lighting 34
Heating & Ventilation 35
Walls & Ceilings 36
Flooring 37

GETTING STARTED 39
Determining Your Needs 40
Designing for Accessibility 42
Design Standards 47
Drawing Plans 50
Removal & Demolition: Toilets 52
Removal & Demolition: Sinks & Cabinets 54
Removal & Demolition: Showers & Tubs 56
Building a Wet Wall 60

Bathroom Remodeling Projects 67

SHOWERS, TUBS & WHIRLPOOLS 69

Installing Showers 70
Shower-Enclosure Kits 72

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 Glass-Wall Shower 78
Curbed Shower Base 84
Wet Rooms & Curbless Showers 92
Alcove Bathtubs 104
Three-Piece Tub Surrounds 110
Drop-In Tubs 114
Freestanding Tubs 120
Sliding Tub Doors 126
Air-Jet Tubs 130
Tub & Shower Fittings 138
Adding a Shower to a Bathtub 142

SINKS & VANITIES 145

Pedestal & Console Sinks 146
Wall-Mounted Sinks 148
Vessel Sinks 152
Traditional Vanity 156
Vanity Top with Integral Sink 158
Plumbing a Double-Bowl Vanity 160
Lavatory Faucets 162
Hands-Free Bathroom Faucets 166
Lavatory Drains 170

TOILETS & BIDETS 175

Toilets 176
Bidets 182

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 LIGHTING & VENTILATION 187
Vanity Lights 188
LED-Backlit Mirror 190
Ceiling Lights 192
Vent Fans 196

WALL & FLOOR PROJECTS 201

Installing Cementboard on Walls 202
Wall Tile 204
Tub Tile Surround 208
Toilet Enclosure 214
Radiant Floor 220
Floor Tile 226

BATHROOM ACCESSORIES 235

Medicine Cabinets 236
Grab Bars 240
Glass Shelving 242
Towel Warmers 244

Appendix A: Plumbing Codes & Permits 246

Appendix B: Wiring Codes & Permits 249
Metric Conversions 250
Resources 252
Photo Credits 253
Index 254

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 W
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 Introduction
W ant to increase the value of your home? Remodel your bathroom. Renovating and
updating a bathroom continues to be one of the best investments you can make
in improving a home, in terms of resale price. But even more than the objective value,
you’ll be making your life immeasurably more pleasant by adding comfort, efficiency, and
a pleasing appearance to a room most homeowners use multiple times a day.

Although trends in bathroom design come and go
more frequently than they do in any other room in the
house, indicators of style and luxury remain the same.
Even though the trend in tiles is toward more ornate,
hand-painted surfaces, tiles themselves remain a
go-to material in bathroom renovations. They are easy
to install and easy to keep clean, look fantastic, and
offer a mind-boggling number of options. Pick just
about any color or pattern you can dream up, and
choose a size that complements the room itself.
And tiles are just the tip of the iceberg of
bathroom-design options.
These days, you can choose mirrors with built-in LED
lighting (see page 190) and shower and bath fixtures
that continue to evolve in both function and form.
Function—especially function in service of
comfort and convenience—is an ongoing focus
of bathroom design. New showerheads with more
comfortable grip handles are now widely offered in
every finish and style that faucets are. You’ll even
find showerheads with built-in colored LED lights, to
change up the look of the shower and indulge users
in beneficial chromatherapy.
The story of bathroom design is not written in
game-changing technological advances, but is
more about modest improvements. Fairly recent
innovations such as hands-free faucets are growing
in popularity and subsequently being refined in
design and function. The basic low-flow, water-
conserving toilet remains the same, but you will find
incremental changes that make your life easier, such
as new self-cleaning toilets.
Nowhere are small changes having a bigger
impact than in the growth and refinement of
universal design elements. Universal design is all
about accessibility for everyone, including the elderly,
young children, and especially anyone with mobility
and balance issues or disabilities. It used to be
that features such as safety grab bars or a walk-in
bath looked sterile and clinical. It was hard to find
universal design accessories that had any real style.
That’s no longer the case.
In today’s marketplace, you’ll find many beautiful
walk-in tubs. These are designed to be right at home in
a luxury bathroom and give the homeowner a chance
to build universal design elements into an upscale
bathroom renovation. Put in an eye-catching walk-in
soaking tub while you’re young and agile, and the tub
may well serve you right through your golden years. You
can also pick from a range of grab bars in distinctive
finishes to match just about any bathroom style, with
flair that will complement other fixtures in the room.
All this adds up to one reality: these days, you can
have exactly the bathroom function you want, in exactly
the look you crave. Current bathroom fixtures, features,
finishes, and accessories provide a perfect meeting of
seamless, convenient function and beautiful, stylish
form. All that’s left is to sift through the options in the
chapters that follow and get started on your own spa-
worthy, accessible, and delightful new bathroom design.

INTRODUCTION 7

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 PLANNING
& DESIGNING
YOUR BATHROOM

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 Gallery
of Bathrooms

T his is the golden age of mix-and-match elements

in the bathroom. The range and selection of
different features and fixtures for home bathrooms
has never been greater. All those options present
exciting design—and function—alternatives for any
homeowner who is looking to update his or her
bathroom. But they can also represent a daunting
number of confusing choices.
The gallery in the pages that follow will help you
cut through the choices and hone down to just the
features, appearances, and styles that make the most
sense for you, your family, and your home. But more
than that, this is a dream guide. Never considered
the “library look” for your master bath? Now you
can, without committing to the high-dollar cabinetry
and dark colors it takes to create that look. Think a
walk-in shower stall might be a better alternative to
the cramped, shallow, four-foot bathtub in the guest
bathroom? The pictures in the pages that follow
should give a clear idea of how a walk-in shower stall
could look in your space.
Even as you peruse some of the flashier fixtures
in these photos, pay attention to the small details.
Maybe you’re not ready for a full-blown bathroom
remodel, but you can still find the perfect faucet,
mirror, or shelf to accent your current bathroom.
After all, changing a bathroom’s look doesn’t
necessarily mean gutting the room and starting
from scratch.
Whatever the case, the diversity of styles, room
sizes, features, and fixtures presented here should
give you a wonderful starting point for planning your
bathroom project. Then, it’s just a matter of rolling up
your sleeves and getting to work.

GALLERY OF BATHROOMS 11

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 Create a custom-built appearance
with carefully selected cabinetry.
The cabinets here are manufacturer
produced, but with the inset door
panels and incredible cove molding,
they look like the work of a master
craftsman. The gray color and
marble vanity top are the perfect
complements to the elegant and
sophisticated storage features.

Combine functionality with sleek, streamlined, clutter-free panache by choosing European-styled fixtures and design elements.
The blond flooring and wall-mounted vanity scream Scandinavia, and the urbane, upscale toilet and vessel sink reinforce
that impression. Both the toilet and the vanity-sink combo can be mounted at a custom height to better accommodate a
wheelchair user.

12 THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO BATHROOMS

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 Match curves to curves. A tray vessel sink (below) is not unusual in today’s
contemporary bathroom, but an oval version is. The shape of this lovely sink mirrors
the shape of the bathtub, creating a repetition that helps guide the eye through the
room’s design.

Let your bathroom shout “sophisticated”

with a seductively stylish vessel sink.
The range of materials and styles has
never been greater, including unusual
offerings such as this volcanic-rock sink
with a fired-on finish that won’t chip,
fade, or stain.

Rely on simplicity for timeless style. The uncomplicated traditional style of this toilet is coupled with a cutting-edge self-cleaning
technology (using a set-it-and-forget-it tank cartridge), and the look marries perfectly with the basic contemporary tub and
unfussy floating double-sink vanity. Because the elements all feature uncomplicated designs, the room will appear as fresh
years from now as it does today.

GALLERY OF BATHROOMS 13

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 Play it safe with matching fixtures. You can please the eye and streamline your fixture shopping by buying a suite of fixtures from
the same family, such as the showerhead, controls, and faucets in this bathroom. The brushed-nickel finish is easier to keep
clean than chrome, and it adds a sophisticated aspect to the look of the room.

Add grace with a gooseneck. Metal wall tiles and a stainless-
steel undermount sink are sophisticated but could be a bit
stark and cold. Adding a gooseneck faucet softens the look
a bit and provides a counterpoint to the strong linear look of
the wall.
Save space with a console sink. Most console sinks are
modest in size, usually featuring only the sink and supporting
structure. This one features the added bonus of a shelf
between the legs, offering a place for towels or other small-
item storage.

14 THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO BATHROOMS

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 Incorporate small touches that deliver big comfort. A Walk into luxury. Today’s walk-in tubs are more than just
towel drawer built into this cabinet tower is a discreet yet pragmatic accessibility features for bathers with mobility
extravagant addition, one that adds a lot to the daily use of issues. Manufacturers now outfit walk-in tubs with luxury
this bathroom. features, such as the jets and chrome fixtures shown here.

Optimize vanity cabinets. There’s no excuse to leave your undersink area bare,
with a clutter of odd-sized bottles, jars, and other bathroom necessities. You can
organize the space and make the most of its storage potential with a few aftermarket
installations, such as the corner shelf and screw-on door-back racks shown here.

GALLERY OF BATHROOMS 15

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 Style and accessibility can go hand in hand, as this stunning shower illustrates. A chic trench drain ensures no water from this
curbless shower makes it onto the floor outside, and a seat and handheld shower wand on a sliding bar make showering as
easy for people with mobility issues as it is for anyone else in the house.

16 THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO BATHROOMS

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 Steam your cares away.
Among the many
luxury features that
have become available
for home bathrooms, a
steam shower is one of
the most high impact.
The steam unit in this
room fits nicely under
the sink in a modern
vanity, and it services
a wonderful shower
enclosure with built-in,
flip-down seat.

Focus on faucet flair.

Where a bathroom
has a calming color
scheme and cool
and elegant features
such as the white
solid-surface sink
shown here, it only
makes sense to go
a bit wild with the
choice of faucet. This
elegant example is
a beautiful addition
that stands out
from its understated
surroundings and
makes a statement
that justifies the cost
of the faucet.

GALLERY OF BATHROOMS 17

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 Bathroom
Elements

T he number of styles and materials used in

bathroom fixtures and surfaces continues to
grow. As design options multiply, manufacturers are
also answering the need for usable (and often code-
required) safety features; water-conserving faucets,
toilets, and showers; and essentials that are ADA
(Americans with Disabilities Act) compliant.
You’ll find choices from the plain and simple to
over-the-top luxurious. In fact, the biggest chore you’ll
usually face in remodeling a bathroom is whittling
down all those choices.
Even when you’re working with a fairly tight
budget, consider splurging where the money will
have the biggest impact. Love a long, leisurely bath?
A jetted tub, or a deep soaking unit, may be the
ideal luxury. Is there a gang of kids constantly using
the guest bathroom? A stylish hands-free faucet
with built-in water timer might be the answer to
your prayers.
Whatever feature you’re shopping for, bring along
measurements of the current space, a measuring tape,
and a notebook and pen. You’ll probably be surprised
by the options you find, and you’ll want to make sure
anything that catches your fancy will fit where it
needs to go.

In this chapter:
• Bathtubs & Jetted Tubs
• Showers
• Sinks
• Toilets & Bidets
• Cabinets & Vanities
• Lighting
• Heating & Ventilation
• Walls & Ceilings
• Flooring

BATHROOM ELEMENTS 19

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 Bathtubs & Jetted Tubs
A lthough you can find bathtubs in a wide variety
of sizes and shapes, your existing bathroom
floorplan usually dictates exactly what size you
should buy. But if you don’t mind moving some
plumbing, or you are building an all-new bathroom,
your options expand dramatically.
Tubs are categorized first by the method used to
install them. The three basic installation styles are
alcove, deck-mounted, and freestanding.
Alcove tubs are the most common. They are often
enclosed on three sides, which is why they are also called
“recessed tubs.” One-piece tub-and-shower combination
fixtures are also available to fit standard-size alcoves.
Custom sizes can be made for odd-size alcoves.
Deck-mounted tubs and whirlpools, also called
drop-in tubs, generally rest directly on the subfloor
or in a thinset mortar base. They are surrounded
by custom-built decks or platforms. Typically, these
tubs have a larger capacity than attached-apron tubs.
The cost of making the deck can cause these tubs to
be more expensive than other types, but the design
possibilities are nearly limitless.
Freestanding tubs are available in an amazing
range of styles and materials. The two basic
A deck-mounted tub can be customized
to fit your space and your bathroom’s
design. This deck was built to blend,
and it complements the vanity,
walls, and floor. The side-mounted
faucet and controls allow bathers to
recline completely in either direction
without bumping up against the
hardware. The jets inside the tub
ensure a spa-like bathing experience
that turns an everyday ritual into
something special.
20 THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO BATHROOMS
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types of freestanding tub are footed and pedestal,
but within those two groups are a large number
of interpretations that range from the classic
clawfoot tub to ultramodern units that are almost
works of art. In any case, these are most often
fabricated from enameled iron, polymer, or, on the
high side, marble or other stone surfaces. They
are meant to hold up to abuse because they lack
the protective structure of an apron or deck. The
plumbing is most often exposed, and the hardware
presents even more design possibilities.
Corner tubs are becoming increasingly popular,
not only because they allow homeowners to make
use of what is often dead space in the bathroom, but
because they are now often designed to include a
surprising amount of room for bathers.
Semiattached tubs are butted to a wall,
essentially giving the appearance of a freestanding tub
while conveniently exploiting a plumbed wall in the
same way as an alcove tub. Semiattached tubs are an
interesting variation that allows the homeowner to
add a design element with the choice of the three-
sided apron (for which manufacturers often offer
interchangeable options).
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 A clawfoot tub is an iconic bathroom fixture. The original
models made of cast iron with an enameled porcelain finish
can be found through architectural-salvage companies,
although the supply is dwindling and the prices are climbing.
Reproductions of this style are made with lighter-weight
composites and polymers.
Traditional one-piece alcove tubs remain one of the most
popular choices among homeowners. The tub lends itself to
accents such as high-end surround tile and distinctive fixtures
and hardware.

Match your tub to the sink and toilet by purchasing all at once as part of a suite. The freestanding tub in this room is a
spectacular addition only made better with the inclusion of a sleek toilet and matching vanity-top sink. It’s a stunning look that
makes the room stand out.

BATHROOM ELEMENTS 21

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 w
Tub Materials T
p
Tubs are manufactured from many different materials, resulting in a richly colored finish. The enamel is s
each with its own pros and cons. strong, durable, and resistant to chips, scratches, a
Fiberglass is an inexpensive, lightweight material and stains. p
that can be finished in a variety of colors. It is easily Cast iron is just about indestructible, but it’s also v
molded, so fiberglass tubs can have seats, grab bars, extremely heavy. In some cases, the floor framing
soap dishes, and shampoo shelves molded into the must be reinforced to support the additional weight. a
sides. Though fiberglass has many benefits, its surface Cast iron is used most commonly for clawfoot and v
can scratch easily, and its color will fade. other standalone bathtubs. b
Acrylic, like fiberglass, can be molded into just Polymer can be cast into just about any tub shape o
about any size and shape. Unlike fiberglass, however, and is a solid color throughout, making it impervious p
the color runs through the entire substance, making it to scratches. The finish can be made to mimic
less likely to show scratches or to fade. quality surfaces such as marble or granite. Polymer A
Enameled steel tubs are pressed from sheets of also retains heat well, although the gel coat used on s
steel and coated with a baked-on enamel similar to polymer breaks down over time. m
that of cast-iron tubs, but the enamel layer is thin and Solid-surface tubs are gaining popularity. As with t
susceptible to chipping. It doesn’t retain heat well and solid-surface countertops, the tubs can be made in one m
tends to be noisy. piece of resin or quartz and formed into many different a
Cast iron is the most durable material available shapes—including some with built-in features such as
for tubs. Iron is cast into a tub shape, then coated with soap dishes. The materials retain heat well, come in m
a baked-on enamel that is relatively thick (1⁄16 inch), many surface looks, and are durable. u
r

h
c
Specialty Tubs e
t
Soaking tubs are deeper and have higher sides than bathers may sit, rather than recline, although the s
other styles. Traditional Japanese versions feature shallowest modern models are soaking tubs only to
sides as high as 4 feet, but contemporary American the extent that they will allow an adult to be covered
soaking tubs usually have walls from 20 to 36 inches completely with water when reclined. The experience
high. Traditional soaking tubs are tall enough that is luxurious and meditative.

Large deck-mounted tubs offer options

when it comes to locating the spout
and valve handles. In many cases this
means you can position the spout near
the tub center so you can lean back
against either end of the tub without
hitting any hardware.

I
o

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 Jetted tubs circulate heated water that’s mixed
with air through jets mounted in the body of the tub.
The pumps move as much as 50 gallons of water
per minute to create a massaging effect that relieves
stress and muscle pain. Better-quality jets can be
adjusted to alter both the streams’ direction and the
proportion of air and water (more air means a more
vigorous massage).
Jetted tubs are almost always made of acrylic,
and sizes and shapes vary tremendously. Prices also
vary—they can range from $700 to $10,000 and up
before installation. Price is determined by the number
of jets (from four to 10 or more), the size of the water
pump, and options such as an inline heater.
You’ll find a variety of accessories for jetted tubs.
A multispeed motor allows you to choose various
settings from a gentle, relaxing soak to a vigorous
massage. An inline heater maintains the water
temperature. Grab bars, mood lights, pillows, timers,
mirrors, and touch-pad controls are all available for
added convenience and comfort.
Before you invest in a jetted tub, review the
maintenance requirements. Some demand extensive
upkeep of pumps, timers, and controls, and many
roomy models require an extra-large water heater.
A jetted tub can be installed by a skilled
homeowner familiar with the basic techniques of
A tub platform can be tucked into a corner or even an alcove.
carpentry, plumbing, and tile setting. Some are small
If you add tile or another moisture-resistant wall covering on
enough to fit in the alcove used for standard bathtubs, the corner walls, you may consider adding a handheld shower
though most models require the construction of a near the corner. Handheld showers are not a good idea for
surrounding deck or platform. island tubs.

Install a curved-front alcove tub to enjoy maximum bathing space in a limited footprint. A model with the faucet and controls
offset increases the usable interior space even more.

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 o
f
s
s
S
f

Showers i

c
a

T ub-and-shower combos remain the most common m

bathing setup, largely because the combination b
crams the most function into the least amount of g
space. They also allow users to bathe either way, c
making them ideal in a bathroom used by more than
one person. However, most combination units are not p
luxurious baths or showers. r
For luxury, you’ll want a dedicated bathing d
structure. And, in fact, more and more homeowners
are abandoning tubs for full-featured walk-in shower s
enclosures. Within the modest footprint taken up by s
an alcove bathtub, it’s quite possible, and within most s
The most common shower in homes across America is the
homeowners’ budgets, to install an upscale shower one that fits inside an existing alcove tub. It’s a simple setup,
with frameless glass panels, custom tile work, a sleek especially when paired with a shower curtain rather than a
curbless shower pan, and multiple showerheads. sliding glass door.

If budget is a concern, you can find all-in-one

One-piece alcove shower enclosures can be simple and
modest or incredibly upscale and detailed, such as the
oversized unit shown here.
shower-enclosure kits that include a base, three-
wall surrounds, and the hardware and fixtures you’ll
need. Increasingly, these prefab products can be fairly
upscale as well, featuring inset tile columns, multiple
showerheads, stylish grab bars, and molded-in shelves
and recesses for body-care products.
One-piece enclosures are widely available for the
DIYer. Seamless stalls are molded from fiberglass
or acrylic, making this option easy to clean and
maintain. A wide range of sizes and styles are
available. Some include seats, linear drains, steam
units, and other chic features.
Neo-angle showers are designed to fit into
corners. Made of acrylic or fiberglass, they are
completely self-contained with integrated shower
bases, walls, and doors.
Shower-surround panels are used to construct
simple, inexpensive shower enclosures. They are built
above a preformed shower pan. Three individual
panels are bonded to the walls of the framed alcove,
and the seams are sealed.
Freestanding showers are complete units
A
unattached to walls. These are the least common f
option and range from sheetmetal or fiberglass units c
to elaborate glass-block enclosures.

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 Custom shower stalls can be designed to fit into
odd or unusually shaped spaces. The walls can be SHOWER LIGHTS
finished with the surface material of your choosing, An overhead light ensures safety in the shower.
such as ceramic or stone tile, glass block, or even Make sure that any light installed in a shower area
solid-surface material to do away with grout lines. is moisture resistant. Some shower lights include a
Specialized options, such as benches, steam-bath heating element.
fixtures, shelves, and soap dishes, can be incorporated
into the design.
Curbless showers are designed for physically
challenged users. The shower entrance has no curb
at all, providing easy access to the shower. One-piece
molded units are available, or barrier-free showers can
be custom-built. Most have built-in shower seats and
grab bars. See pages 92 to 103 for more information on
curbless showers.
Shower doors and curtains are usually
purchased separately from the shower itself. Options
range from simple plastic curtains costing a few
dollars to custom-made tempered-glass doors.
Multiple showerheads, shower towers, and steam
showers can create a more luxurious shower. Steam
showers require extra plumbing, wiring, and a shower Prefab shower trays come in a variety of styles, including sleek
stall with doors that seal tightly. features like the concealed trench drain in this unit.

A simple shower enclosure using off-the-shelf pan, hardware, Custom shower enclosures are limited only by imagination
fixtures, and frameless glass panels can create a stunning and can include, as this one does, a wood-slat floor over a
centerpiece to an already stunning bathroom. curbless drain pan, marble walls, and multiple showerheads
for a sumptuous experience.

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 Sinks
T he variety of sinks available today practically
guarantees that you can find a lavatory sink
to match your space, budget, and taste. The most
significant difference between the major sink types is
the manner in which they are installed: wall mounted,
pedestal or console, and countertop.
Wall-mounted sinks hang directly from the
wall, taking up little space and offering easy access
to plumbing hookups. Basic wall-mounted sinks
are good options for utility bathrooms or half baths,
where exposed plumbing and lack of storage space
are not serious drawbacks. Designer wall-mounted
styles feature attached aprons that hide plumbing.
These are also accessibility features, allowing people
in wheelchairs to roll under the sink for easy use.
Pedestal sinks and console sinks are wall-
mounted styles that rest on a pedestal or legs that
may or may not provide actual support to the sink
A pedestal sink has visual appeal and an efficient footprint
but lacks any storage.
26 THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO BATHROOMS
701003 - CGB5_225990_018-037.indd 26
text black
bowl. A decorative pedestal may conceal plumbing
and can be a smart choice for a small guest bathroom
or powder room where floorspace is particularly
scarce. Console sinks have legs supporting the front
two corners and often feature an apron to mask
plumbing connections. The advantage of a console
sink over a pedestal model is that small baskets
or a modest, simple shelving unit can be placed
underneath for additional storage.
Self-rimming sinks drop into a cutout in
the countertop, with the rim overlapping the
cutout’s edges.
Integral sinks, usually made of solid-surface
material or cultured marble, are molded into
countertops and are easy to install and maintain.
Undermounted sinks are attached with clips
beneath a cutout in a solid-surface, stone, or
concrete countertop.
A solid-surface sink and countertop are the perfect match for a
modern single-handle faucet and chic wall-mounted vanity.
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 Vessel sinks sit on top of a countertop, with only a
small cutout for the drain.
Sinks can be made of a number of materials.
Cultured marble is an inexpensive material
often used to create integral sink-and-countertop
combinations to fit standard vanity sizes.
Porcelain (vitreous china) may be used for
self-rimming sinks. It has a durable glossy surface
that is nonporous and easy to clean. Porcelain sinks
are readily available in white and almond, and you
can special order other colors. For a truly unique
addition to your bathroom décor, consider a hand-
painted porcelain sink in a floral or other one-of-a-
kind design. Self-rimming sinks (also called drop-ins) fit into a cutout in
Solid-surface material is long lasting and easy a countertop and usually are secured with mounting clips
to clean; scratches can be buffed or sanded out. It is from below.
one of the more expensive choices for bathroom sinks,
but its durability and ease of care help justify the
price. Solid-surface sinks are available in self-rimming,
undermounted, and integral models, with a variety of
colors and patterns to choose from.
Stainless steel brings a high-tech look and
durability to bathroom sinks. It is available in either
a satin or mirror finish. Price varies according to
thickness, or gauge—the lower the gauge number,
the thicker the steel. Look for 18-gauge material
with a noise-reducing undercoating. Because they
are lightweight, stainless-steel sinks are often used
for undermounting.
Composite and acrylic sinks are less common
because they aren’t ideal in high-traffic areas. Undermount sinks have a very contemporary appearance
However, where the sinks won’t see a lot of use, and offer some clean-up advantages, but they can only be
these can be low-cost, attractive alternatives to more installed in countertops that have a contiguous waterproof
durable materials. composition (such as solid surface or poured concrete).
Tempered glass is used to create stylish vessel
sinks for bathrooms. Undermounted styles can be
lit from underneath to create a mood-setting glow.
Art-glass sinks continue to grow in popularity, and,
if crafted properly, a cast or fused-glass sink can be
every bit as durable and safe as tempered glass—
with a nearly infinite number of possible designs
and colors.
Other materials, such as concrete, copper,
carved stone, and wood, can be used to create
more stylized bathrooms. Enameled cast iron is
extremely durable but available in limited shapes and
colors, which is why it is used less often than other
options. Volcanic rock is a relatively new material,
but one that comes in a range of bold and subtle
colors and appearances and is amazingly durable.
Before you select a sink made of an unusual material, These artistic sinks are crafted from volcanic rock, as is
consider the shipping time, installation procedures, the counter they rest on. The material offers a unique and
maintenance, and cost. incredibly durable surface.

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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
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8390 Stuck H M
B 10
9 Sept
8516 Smith B
H 12
Sturgiss W T, 14 Sept
8646
D’m B 12
7 Sept
9217 Smith G H Cav
G 19
2 Sept
9714 Sullivan E
A 25
3 Sept
9786 Snyder J V, Ser
D 26
Sept
9872 Semeir G S Cav 4 -
27
Sept
9906 Sands G W 1 -
28
14 Oct
10151 Smith J
B 1
9 Oct
11276 Smith J A
B 22
1 Oct
11625 Slee R, Ser Cav
D 25
11824 Spaulding F “ 1 Nov
 A 5
3 Nov
11836 Stockwell C H
B 5
9 Aug
7291 Saylor C M
B 30
2 Apr
1108 Thatcher J P
A 15
6 July
3404 Trobridge S
B 16
8 Aug
5136 Tyom T
H 8
Aug
6379 Thurston C C 1 I
21
8 Sept
8663 Taylor J
G 13
Dec
12332 Thorpe S S 3 I
26
July
3846 Tomlinson S, Ser 3 I
24
11 Sept
8119 Tatro L
B 8
8 Mar
244 Vincent Jas
C 30
1 Apr
814 Very W Cav
C 30
3 May
1149 Vanscoy A, Cor “
E 16
3 May
1322 Virts R “
A 23
11 May
945 Wilson Walter
F 7
1 June
1757 Weaver M Cav
C 7
2854 Warp J 3F July
6
July
3723 Wich J Cav 1L
21
July
3925 Whitney W A 8F
25
July
3996 Whit A 5F
25
3 Sept
7542 Wilson J
B 2
2 Sept
7832 Warwicke E
D 4
Sept
8598 Wells E 7F
12
14 Sept
9626 Wolfe C
B 24
6 Oct
10854 White J N Cav
C 13
8 Mar
148 Young A
C 25
8 Apr
456 Young A B
C 9
8 Apr
694 Young Ed Cav
C 23
Total 288.

WISCONSIN.
24 June
2113 Allwise J R 64
E 17
25 Aug
4477 Austin Isaac
G 1
5241 Abbott A, Ser 21 Aug
D 10
2 Aug
5453 Allen C P
G 12
36 Sept
8692 Adams A F
F 14
10 Oct
10830 Adams P
A 13
13 Oct
11492 Aultin E V, Cor
E 26
31 Mar
12728 Antone C 65
D 4
May
1341 Bower H 1A 64
24
15 June
1838 Burk O 64
B 11
June
2009 Bawgarder B 2K
15
June
2055 Ball A 7A
16
Bowhan H A, 10 June
2128
Ser F 18

1 June
2334 Brooks E Cav
H 22

Broomer B F, 10 June
2451
Cor I 25
15 June
2681 Brown O
G 30
4 July
3253 Brown J
H 13
24 July
3673 Bruce H
H 20
4870 Brumsted G, 15 Aug
Ser A 6
Aug
5026 Briggs H Cav 1L
8
Aug
5100 Budson John “ 1L
9
10 Aug
5164 Bemis H
C 9
Aug
5322 Briggs E Cav 1 -
11
25 Aug
5564 Bailey W, Cor
E 13
17 Aug
6204 Banick S
I 19
36 Aug
7295 Bailey J
I 30
10 Aug
7323 Burk J Cav
E 30
21 Sept
7755 Borden E, Cor
K 3
25 Sept
7759 Boyle P
D 4
Sept
8576 Batchelder J 1 I
12
Sept
8641 Bushell C C 2B
13
Sept
9607 Brinkman J 2A
23
15 Oct
10686 Britton H, S’t
I 11
15 Oct
10919 Bohnsen N
I 14
11754 Butler M 10 Nov