Retaining 0.75

Construction of H.L. bridge at Ch.30.
75 km on road from NH6 to Riamal
longitudinal section of Nala along longest bed
u/s to b/s b/s to d/s
points Dist (m) Level (m) Dist (m) Level (m)
1 0 54.319 175 52.978
2 20 54.219 200 52.726
3 40 53.889 220 52.912
4 60 53.963 240 52.515
5 80 53.793 260 52.264
6 100 53.617 280 52.097
7 120 53.445 300 51.848
8 140 53.512 320 51.955
9 160 53.093 340 51.676
10 175 52.978 350 51.509
55 longitudinal section
54.5
54
53.5
53
52.5
52
51.5
51
50.5
50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
Longitudinal slope = 0.016 0.01 1in 125

Retaining wall
100.000 Formation Level
Height= 0.750 m
GL 99.250
0.5 0.75 99.000

1.25
0.8 d3
0.300 0.300
98.200 Founding Level
1.850
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALL [ DRY - CONDITION ]
Founding RL 98.200 m
Unit Weight of Concrete 2.4 T / m3
Unit Weight of Soil 1.6 T / m3
Dry Condition
Slope of Earth Fill (1V:xH) 1000000
Slope angle of Earth fill β 0.00 o
Overall Abutment
Dist of inner Length
slanting face 1m
from toe 1.55 m
Wall angle α 90.00 o
Angle of Repose ϕ 25.00 o
Wall Friction δ 16.67 o
Coulomb's Active Ep Coeff 0.361
Stresses 7.129 T / m2 Rankine's Passive Ep Coeff 2.464
0.149 T / m2 Height of LL as Surcharge 1.20 m
F.S. for Over Turning 2.88
F.S. for Sliding 1.44
Sectio Volume per unit length Density Weight

No. B D Lever Arm Moment
1 1 0.500 1.000 2.400 1.200 0.550 0.660
2 0.5 0.750 1.000 2.400 0.900 1.050 0.945
3 1 1.850 0.800 2.400 3.552 0.925 3.286
Vertical Loads of Earthfill
1 1 0.300 1.000 1.600 0.480 1.700 0.816
2 0.5 0.750 1.000 1.600 0.600 1.300 0.780
Total V 6.732 M 6.487
Horizontal Forces
A. Earth Pressure
K γ H
P1 = 0.361 1.600 1.20 = 0.693 T / m2
P2 = 0.361 1.600 1.800 = 1.039 T / m2
P3 = 0.361 2.400 0.300 = 0.260 T / m2
Sectio Earth Pressure Force per unit length
No. B D Force Force Lever Arm Moment
A. Earth Pressure for Live Load(surcharge)
1 1 0.693 1.800 1.247 1.247 0.900 1.122
2 1 0.260 1.800 0.468 0.468 0.900 0.421
B. Active Earth Pressure of Back Fill
1 0.5 1.039 1.800 0.935 0.935 0.756 0.707
Sum 2.650 2.250
Calculation of Stresses
Sum of Restoring Moments 6.487 T.m

Sum of Overturning Moments 2.250 T.m
Net Moments 4.236 T.m
Sum of Vertical Forces 6.732 T

Sum of Horizontal Forces 2.650 T
Eccentricity of Resultant from edge = x 4.236 / 6.732 = 0.629
Width of Base 1.850
Eccentricity of Resultant from centre of Base = e 0.296
Stress at Toe = 7.129 T / m2

Stress at Heel = 0.149 T / m2
<10 T / m2 Hence SAFE
Check for Over Turning
Sum of Restoring Moments 6.487 T.m

Sum of Overturning Moments 2.250 T.m
Factor of Safety = 2.88 >2.0

Hence SAFE
Check for Sliding
Sum of Sliding Forces = 2.650 T

Sum of Vertical Forces = 6.732 T
0.462
Sum of Resisting Forces = 3.828 T
Factor of Safety = 1.44 >1.5

Hence UNSAFE and Provide Key
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALL AT RL:96.20m[ DRY - CONDITION ]
Section Volume per unit length Density Weight

No. B D Lever Arm Moment
1 0.5 0.750 1.000 2.400 0.900 0.500 0.450
2 0.5 0.750 1.000 1.600 0.600 0.250 0.150
3 1 0.500 1.000 2.400 1.200 1.000 1.200
Total V 2.700 M 1.800
Horizontal Forces
A. Earth Pressure
K γ H
P1 = 0.297 1.600 1.20 = 0.570 T / m2
P2 = 0.297 1.600 1.000 = 0.475 T / m2
P3 = 0.297 2.400 0.300 = 0.214 T / m2
Section Earth Pressure Force per unit length

No. B D Force Force Lever Arm Moment
A. Earth Pressure for Live Load(surcharge)
1 1 0.570 1.000 0.570 0.570 0.500 0.285
2 1 0.214 1.000 0.214 0.214 0.500 0.107
B. Active Earth Pressure of Back Fill
1 0.5 0.475 1.000 0.238 0.238 0.420 0.100
Total 0.492
Check for Shaft Thickness(Retaining wall)
Length of retaining wall at Base

a. Straight portion 1000 mm
Maximum Moment MLL = 0.492 T.m
MTT = 0.000 T.m
Maximum Vertical Load N 2.700 T.
Assume following Reinforcments in critical section

Overall depth of Section 1.25 m
Size of Main reinforcement 12 mm
Size of stirrups 12 mm
Cover 40 mm
Hence, Effecive depth of Section de 119.2 cm
Grade of Concrete M15

Permissible Bending Stress of concrete scbc 50 Kg/cm2
Permissible Tensile Strength of Reinf. Fe415 sst 2400 Kg/cm2
Modular Ratio m 10.00
k 0.1724
j 0.9425
Q 4.0626 Kg/cm2
Maximum Bending Moment in LL Direction = 0.49 T.m

MLL = 49183 Kg.cm
b= 100 cm
Effective depth required = d =

Effective depth provided = d =
d =
√ M
Qb
= 11.00 cm
119.2 cm Hence, Safe
Provision of Main Reinforcements M

A st =
At centre
σ st . j. d
Maximum Bending Moment B.M. = 0.49 T.m. (Tension )
Overall depth of Shaft = 125 cm
Overall length of Shaft = Straight = 100 cm
Effective depth = d= 119.2 cm
Effective length = b= 100.0 cm
sst = 2400 Kg/cm2
Reinforcement Required = Ast = 0.182 cm2
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.12% = 14.304 cm2
No. of Main Reinforcement for 14.304 cm2
Using 10 mm F = 18.2 Nos.
Let us provide 10 mm F 18.21 Nos. on earth side face
Provide 10 mm F 18.21 no on other side
Spacing of each bar in the LL face on 100 / 18 = 5.5 or say 15.00 cm

the earth side shall be
Spacing of bar on the river side 15.00 cm
Similarly, for the TT face let us Provide 8.33 9.00 Nos on either side
Let us provide 10 mm F 9.00 Nos. on either side of Semi -Circular faces
Hence, Reinforcement Provided = 18.21
10 mm F 18.21242 Nos. each = 14.30 cm2
In adequate
Calculation of Direct Stress
Reinforcement Provided = 10 mm F 18.2 Nos.
Asp = 14.30 cm2
Effective length = b= 100 cm
Ac=bxd - Asp 11905.70 cm2

Modular Ratio a= 10.00
Total Vertical Load N= 2.7 T
N
Direct Stress = σ co ,cal = = 0.22 Kg/cm2
A +α . A
c sp
Maximum Moment MLL = 0.492 T.m
MTT = 0.000 T.m
Section Modulus ZLL = 236810.7 cm3
ZTT = 198666.7 cm3
Bending Stress =
LL Direction scc,cal = 0.208 Kg/cm2
TT Direction scc,cal = 0.000 Kg/cm2
For Grade of Concrete M30
sc 50 Kg/cm2
sco 33 Kg/cm2
(i) sco,cal sc,cal

+ =
sco sc
0.22 0.208 + 0.000
+ =
33.33333 50
= 0.011 < 1, Hence satisfied
(ii) Resultant Tension due to Direct compression and Flexure =
Direct Stress Compression = 0.22 Kg/cm2

Flexure - LL Tension = -0.208 Kg/cm2
Flexure - TT Tension = 0.000 Kg/cm2
Resultant 0.02 Kg/cm2
Within permissible limits, hence Safe.

Permissible Tensile Stress for M15 Concrete = 5.1 Kg/cm2
Distribution steel
Distribution reinforcements @0.001 Ac= 656.25 mm2
25% of vertical reinforcement= 358 mm2
Spacing of 6 mm distribution reinforcements= 86 mm
Provide distribution reinforcements of 6 mm dia @ 150 mm C/c both faces

Checking of Section using Cracked Section Analysis (For Return wall Shaft)
Data
1. Effective Width of Section B 520 cm
2. Overall Depth of Section D 125.0 cm
3. Vertical Load on Section V 2.70 T B
4. Applied Moments MLL 0.49 T.m
MTT 0.00 T.m
5. No. of Compression Reinforcement 18 10.00 mm F L Asc L
Area of Compression Reinforcement Asc 14.30 cm2 D Ast
B
6. No. of Tension Reinforcement 18 10 mm F
Area of Tension Reinforcement Ast 14.30 cm2
7. Size of Transverse Reinforcement 12 mm F
8. Grade of Concrete = M30
Permissible flexural Stress of steel sst 2000 Kg/cm2
Assume
1. Cover dc 5.0 cm
2. Modular Ratio m 10 Ref. IRC 21
Hence
1. Effective Cover in Compression side dc 6.7 cm
2. Effective Depth of Section de 118.3 cm
From the Equation

Qna = ( Bn2/ 2 ) + ( m - 1) Asc ( n - dc ) - m Ast ( de - n )
Qna = 260.000 n2+ ( 271.776 n)+( -17565.312 )
From the Equation

Ina = ( Bn3/ 3 ) + ( m - 1) Asc ( n - dc )2 + m Ast ( de - n )2 Eqn. 1
Ina = 173.333 n +( 3
271.776 n )+(
2
-35130.624 n)+( 2007608.025 )
From the Equation

H = e + n - ( D / 2) where, e = Moment / Vertical Load = 18.22 cm
H= n- 44.284
From the Equation Eqn. 2

Ina = Qna x H = 260.000 n3 +( -11242.064 n2 )+( -29600.640 n)+( 777862.277 )
Equating Equation No. 1 and Equation No. 2, we get

86.667 n3 + ( -11513.840 n2)+( 5529.984 n)+( -1229745.748 ) = 0
Solving for n,
we get, n= 4.33 cm
Qna = -11513.808 Ina = 1874659.6
Stress in LL Direction
Stress in Concrete = s c = ( V x n ) / Qna = -1.015 Kg/cm2
Stress in Steel = s t = [ sc x (de - n ) x m ] / n = -267.261 Kg/cm2
Stress in TT Direction
ZTT = (nB2/ 6)+[(m - 1)( Ast + Asc)( B - 2dc)2 / ( 2D )] = 459452.78939 cm3
Stress in Concrete = s c = MTT / ZTT = 0.000 Kg/cm2
Stress in Steel = s t = [ sc x m ] = 0.00 Kg/cm2
Total Stress Check with Premissible Limits
Stress in Concrete = s c = LL + TT = -1.015 Kg/cm2 < 50.0 , Hence Safe
Stress in Steel = s t = LL + TT = -267.261 Kg/cm2 < 2000.0 , Hence Safe
FOOTING DESIGN
Dry condition
Stress in the heel = + 0.149 T/m2
Stress near stem on heel side = + 1.281 T/m2
Maximum condition
Stress near stem on Toe side = + 5.997 T/m2
Stress in the toe = + 7.129 T/m2
Maximum stress
Stress in the heel = + 0.149 T/m2
Stress in the toe = + 7.129 T/m2
Pressure from the footing

From the footing (on Heel Side)
from footing at the end = - 2.000 T/m2
from footing near the Stem 2.000 T/m2 6.400
from Earth = - 4.400 T/m2 6.400
WITH OUT EARTH LOAD
From the footing (on Toe Side)
from footing at the end = - 2.000 T/m2
from footing near the Stem 2.000 T/m2 2.000
from Earth = - 0.000 T/m2
2.000
Net pressure =
Stress in the end of the heel = -6.251 T/m2
Stress near stem on heel side = -5.119 T/m2
Stress near stem on Toe side = 3.997 T/m2

Stress in the end of the toe = 5.129 T/m2
Stress Diagram at the Base
0.3 0.3
-6.251 + -5.119 +
3.997 5.129
Design of Heel Slab
Mmax = -0.26 T.m

Smax = -1.71 T
Assume following Reinforcements in Footing

Cover 75 mm
Tensile stress of Steel sst = 2400 Kg/cm2
Permissible Tensile Strength of Reinf. sst 2400 Kg/cm2
Modular Ratio m 10
k 0.17
j 0.94
Q 4.06 Kg/cm2
b= 100 cm

d ==
√ M
Qb
72.1 cm
8.07 cm
Hence, Safe
M
A st =
Provision of Main Reinforcements
σ st . j . d
Minimum reinforcement required = 0.12%= 9.6 cm2
Spacing of reinforcement 10 mm bar
8.181 cm c/c
Provide 10 mm HYSD bar at 10.000 cm c/c

Actual Reinforcement provided 5.027 cm2
Maximum shear stress 0.24 Kg/cm2

100xAst = 0.070 %
bd
so, permissible shear stress = 0.320 N/sqmm or = 3.20 Kg/cm2
So nominal minimum shear reinforcement to be provided

Provide four legged/m shear reinforcement of 10mm dia At 300mm c/c
Design of Toe Slab
Mmax = 0.21 T.m

Smax = 1.37 T
Assume following Reinforcments in Footing

Cover 75 mm

Modular Ratio m 10
k 0.1724
j 0.9425
Q 4.0626 Kg/cm2
b= 100 cm
Effective depth required = d = d ==

√ M
Qb
7.25 cm
d =
√ M
Qb
71.7 cm Hence, Safe
M
Provision of Main Reinforcements A st =
σ st . j. d
Minimum reinforcement required = 0.12%= 9.6 cm2
5.236 cm c/c

Maximum shear stress 0.19 Kg/cm2

100xAst = 0.215
bd
so, permissible shear stress = 0.216 N/sqmm or = 2.16 Kg/cm2
Provide four legged shear reinforcement of 10mm dia at 300mm c/c
Summary
Heel portion
In upper layer 10 10.0 cm c/c

In lower layer 8 15 cm c/c
Toe portion
In upper layer 10 10.0 cm c/c

High Level Bridge at Ch.30.75 km on road from NH6 to Riamal
Horizontal Forces For Piers
A. Braking Force
A. Braking Force
Maximum Load on Span
a. 70R Loading 92.00 T
b. Class A Loading 0.00 T
Total 92.00 T
Fh = 0.2 F = 18.40 T Ref: Cl. 214.2 of IRC:6-2000
I For Small Spans upto 10m

[ Not considered in case of Piers as it cancells from bothsides ]
Where Rg = 92.290 T Reaction at free end due to dead load
m = 0.50 For Concrete over Concrete
Fh/2 9.20 T Ref: Cl. 214.5.1.3 of IRC:6-2000

or m Rg 46.15 T
Braking Force for Pier For Small Spans upto 10m 9.20 T at R.L. #REF! m
For pier braking force=10%extra in sub structure and foundation 10.12 T
FOR PIER
BRAKING MOMENT
R.L MLL
A Bottom of Cantilever #REF! #REF! tm
B Base of Pier Shaft #REF! #REF! tm
C At Founding Level #REF! #REF! tm

B. Wind Pressure
Dimensions of Railings
Height Solid Section above Pier Cap Level #REF! m
Height of Void Section #REF! m
Hence, Centroid of Wind Force above Bearing Top Level = #REF! m at RL #REF! m
For HFL Condition
Height of Wind above H.F.L. = H = #REF! m Say H = #REF! m
#REF!
Wind Velocity = V = #REF! Km / h
Wind Pressure = P = #REF! Kg / m2
For Dry Condition
Height of Wind above Lowest Bed / Lowest Water Level = H = #REF! m Say H = #REF! m
#REF!
Wind Velocity = V = #REF! Km / h
Wind Pressure = P = #REF! Kg / m2
I. As per Cl. 212.2 & 212.3 of IRC - 6:2000
Wind Force as a horizontal Force on the Structure with pressure intensities as per Table - 4
Span Length = 10.740 m
For HFL => Wind Pressure = P = #REF! T/m2
Force for Pier #REF! T
Bottom of Pier shaft at R.L. #REF! m Moment= #REF! T-m

About Foundation at R.L. #REF! m Moment= #REF! T-m
For Dry => Wind Pressure = P = #REF! T / m2

Force for abutment = #REF! T
Bottom of Pier shaft #REF! m Moment= #REF! T-m

About Foundation #REF! m Moment= #REF! T-m
II. As per Cl. 212.4 of IRC - 6:2000

For Wind Force = 300 Kg/m on fully Loded Span acting at 1.5 m over Formation Level
Length of Live Loads
a. Class AA 7.2 m and next after 90m
b. 70R Tracked 4.57 m and next after 30m
c. 70R Wheel 14.92 m and next after 30m
d. Class A 20.3 m and next after 18.5m
Maximum Length of Live Load on Span = 10.760 m
Wind Force = 10.800 x / = 3.228 T
Formation level+1.5m 101.500
FOR HFL & Dry Condition
Bottom of Pier shaft at R.L. #REF! m Moment= #REF! T-m

About Foundation at R.L. #REF! m Moment= #REF! T-m
III. As per Cl. 212.5 of IRC - 6:2000

Wind velocity at 130 km/h with no live load on the Structure
Wind Velocity = V = 130 Km / h
Wind Pressure = P = 110 Kg / m2
FOR HFL
Bottom of Pier shaft Moment= #REF! T-m

About Foundation Moment= #REF! T-m
FOR DRY CONDITION

III. As per Cl. 212.6 of IRC - 6:2000

( Same for both HFL and Dry Condition)
Wind Force at 450 Kg/m on deck slab
Span Length = 10.740 m
Wind Force for Pier= 10.740 m x 0.450 / 2 T/m = 2.417 T
FOR HFL & Dry Condition
Bottom of Pier shaft #REF! m Moment= #REF! T-m

About Foundation #REF! m Moment= #REF! T-m
V. As per Cl. 212.7 of IRC - 6:2000
Wind Force of 240 Kg/m2 on the unloaded structure

FOR HFL

FOR DRY CONDITION

A. Moment Due to Combined wind Forces

as per Cl. 212.2& 212.3, Cl. 212.4 & Cl. 212.5
Cl. 212.2 & 212.3 + Cl. 212.4 + Cl. 212.5 =

HFL Dry
Bottom of Pier shaft #REF! Tm #REF! Tm

About Foundation #REF! Tm #REF! Tm
B. Moment Due to Wind Forces as per Cl. 212.6

C. Moment due to Wind Force as per Cl. 212.7

FINAL MOMENTS DUE TO HFL DRY

WIND PRESSURE ON Pier MLL MTT MLL MTT
Bottom of Pier Shaft #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! t-m

About Foundation #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! t-m
C. Force due to Water Current
C/s Area of Pier along the Flow AT = #VALUE! m2

C/s Area of Pier transverse to Flow AL = #VALUE! m2
Mean Water Velocity = #REF! m/sec
Max. Water Velocity - Ö 2 x V = Vmax = #REF! m/sec
Water Pressure
a. Perpendicular to Flow -PT =52. K. (Vmax.Sin 20o)2 = #REF! Kg /m2 for Rectagle K = 1.5
b. Parallel to Flow -PL = 52. K. (Vmax.Cos 20 ) =
o 2
#REF! Kg /m 2
for Circular K = 0.66
Ht. of Force above Founding = #VALUE! m
RL of Force = #VALUE! m
Lever Arm
FT = 0.5 PL x AT/1000= #VALUE! T #VALUE! m MLL #VALUE! T.m
FL = 0.5 PT x AL/1000= #VALUE! T MTT #VALUE! T.m
STABILITY ANALYSIS(PIER)
Vertical Forces
Dead Load of Pier
Sl. Description Length Width Area Depth Quantity
No. in m in m in m2 in m in m3
1 Pier Cap Rectangularportion #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
Tappered Portion ### #REF! #VALUE! #REF! #VALUE!

2 Pier Shaft
From Cap bottom to FSL/HFL Rectanular #REF! #REF! #REF! ### #REF!
Semi Circular 0.00 #REF! #REF! ### #REF!
From FSL/HFL to Pier Base Rectangular #REF! #REF! #REF! ### #REF!
Semi Circular 0.00 #REF! #REF! ### #VALUE!
3 Footing Base #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
Sl. Description Quantity HFL Dry

No. in m3 Conditio
Density Weight Conditio
Density Weight
n n
From Top of Pier Cap to HFL/FSL #REF! 2.40 #REF! 2.40 #REF!
From HFL/FSL to Founding Level #REF! 1.40 #REF! 2.40 #REF!
Total Vertical Load (Span dislodged) #REF! #REF!
Dead load of Slab (Reaction) 184.580 184.580

Live Load on Slab (Reaction) 70.570 70.570
Total Vertical Load #REF! #REF!
Area of Footing = ### m2

ZLL = ### m3
ZTT = ### m3
HFL DRY HFL( SD) DRY (SD)

1 Total Vertical Load #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
2 Total Moments MLL(T-m) MTT(T-m) MLL(T-m) MTT(T-m) MLL(T-m) MTT(T-m) MLL(T-m) MTT(T-m)
a. Braking Force #REF! #REF!
b. Eccentricity of LL 13.76 81.51 13.76 81.51 35.99 35.99
c. Wind Force #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
d. Water Current ### #VALUE! #VALUE! ###
TOTAL #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #VALUE! ### 35.99 0.00

Stress Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min
P/ A #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
MLL / ZLL #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! ###
MTT / ZTT #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #VALUE! ### #VALUE! ###
Net Stress (T-m ) 2
#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
Check for stresses of pier at R.L.52.0m
Vertical Forces
Dead Load of Pier
Sl. Description Length Width Area Depth Quantity
No. in m in m in m2 in m in m3
1 Pier Cap Rectangularportion #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
Tappered portion ### #REF! #VALUE! #REF! #VALUE!

2 Pier Shaft
From Cap bottom to FSL/HFL Rectanular #REF! #REF! #REF! ### #REF!
Semi Circular 0.00 #REF! #REF! ### #REF!
From FSL/HFL to Pier Base Rectangular #REF! #REF! #REF! ### #REF!
Semi Circular 0.00 #REF! #REF! ### #VALUE!
Sl. Description Quantity HFL Dry

No. in m 3 Conditio
Density Weight Conditio
Density Weight
n n
From Top of Pier Cap to HFL/FSL #REF! 2.40 #REF! 2.40 #REF!
From HFL/FSL to Founding Level #REF! 1.40 #REF! 2.40 #REF!
Total Vertical Load (Span dislodged) #REF! #REF!
Dead load of Slab (Reaction) 184.580 184.580

Live Load on Slab (Reaction) 70.570 70.570
Total Vertical Load #REF! #REF!
Area of Footing = ### m2

ZLL = ### m3
ZTT = ### m3

1 Total Vertical Load #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
2 Total Moments MLL(T-m) MTT(T-m) MLL(T-m) MTT(T-m) MLL(T-m) MTT(T-m) MLL(T-m) MTT(T-m)
a. Braking Force #REF! #REF!
b. Eccentricity of LL 13.76 81.51 13.76 81.51 35.99 35.99
c. Wind Force #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
d. Water Current ### #VALUE! #VALUE! ###
TOTAL #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #VALUE! ### 35.99 0.00
Check for Shaft Thickness
Length of Abutment Shaft at Base

a. Straight portion #VALUE! mm
Maximum Moment MLL = #REF! T.m
MTT = #REF! T.m
Maximum Vertical Load N #REF! T.

Cover 50 mm

Permissible Bending Stress of concrete scbc 83.3 Kg/cm2 Ref. Table - 9 of IRC : 21 - 2000
k 0.29
j 0.90
Q 11.05 Kg/cm2
Maximum Bending Moment in LL Direction = #REF! T.m

MLL = #REF! Kg.cm
b= #VALUE! cm

d =
√ M
Qb
= #VALUE! cm
68.6 cm #VALUE!
Provision of Main Reinforcements A st = M
At centre
σ st . j. d
Maximum Bending Moment B.M. = #REF! T.m. ( Tension )
Overall length of Shaft = Straight = #VALUE! cm
Effective length = b= #VALUE! cm
sst = 2000 Kg/cm2
Reinforcement Required = Ast = #REF! cm2
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.3% = #VALUE! cm2
No. of Main Reinforcement for #REF! cm2
Using 25 mm F = #REF! Nos.
Let us provide 25 mm F #REF! Nos. on each face
Spacing of each bar in the pier #VALUE! 20.00 cm
Let us provide 25 mm F 6 Nos. on either side of Semi -Circular faces
Hence, Reinforcement Provided = #REF!
25 mm F #REF! Nos. = #REF! cm2
#REF!

Reinforcement Provided = 25 mm F #REF! Nos.
Asp = #REF! cm2
Effective length = b= #VALUE! cm
Ac=bxd - Asp #VALUE! cm2

Modular Ratio a= 10
Total Vertical Load N= #REF! T
N
Direct Stress = σ co ,cal = = #REF! Kg/cm2
A +α . A
c sp
Maximum Moment MLL = #REF! T.m
MTT = #REF! T.m
Section Modulus ZLL = #VALUE! cm3
ZTT = #VALUE! cm3
Bending Stress =
LL Direction scc,cal = #REF! Kg/cm2
TT Direction scc,cal = #REF! Kg/cm2
sc 83.3 Kg/cm2
sco 62.5 Kg/cm2
Check as per Cl. 306.5.3 of IRC - 21:2000
(i) sco,cal sc,cal

+ =
sco sc
#REF! #REF!
+ =
62.5 83.3
= #REF! #REF!
Direct Stress Compression = #REF! Kg/cm2

Flexure - LL Tension = #REF! Kg/cm2
Flexure - TT Tension = #REF! Kg/cm2
Resultant #REF! Kg/cm2
#REF!
Distribution steel
Provide distribution reinforcements @0.12%=0.12/100*760*1000= #VALUE! mm2
Spacing of 12mm distribution reinforcements= 22/7*12*12/4*1000*2/912= 248.12 mm
Provide distribution reinforcements of12 mm dia @200mm C/c both faces

Checking of Section using Cracked Section Analysis (For Pier Shaft)
Data
1. Effective Width of Section B #VALUE! cm
3. Vertical Load on Section V #REF! T B
4. Applied Moments MLL #REF! T.m
MTT #REF! T.m
5. No. of Compression Reinforcement ### #REF! mm F L Asc L
Area of Compression Reinforcement Asc #REF! cm2 D Ast
B
6. No. of Tension Reinforcement ### #REF! mm F
Area of Tension Reinforcement Ast #REF! cm2
8. Grade of Concrete = #REF!
Permissible Bending Stress of concrete scbc #REF! Kg/cm2 Ref. Table - 9 of IRC : 21 - 2000
Assume
1. Cover dc 5.0 cm
Hence
1. Effective Cover in Compression side dc #REF! cm
2. Effective Depth of Section de #REF! cm
From the Equation

Qna = #VALUE! n2+ ( #REF! n)+( #REF! )
From the Equation

Ina = #VALUE! n +( 3
#REF! n )+(
2
#REF! n)+( #REF! )
From the Equation

H = e + n - ( D / 2) where, e = Moment / Vertical Load = #REF! cm
H= n- #REF!

Ina = Qna x H = #VALUE! n +( 3
#VALUE! n )+(
2
#REF! n)+( #REF! )

#VALUE! n3 + ( #VALUE! n2)+( #REF! n)+( #REF! ) = 0
Solving for n,
we get, n= 52.94 cm
Qna = #VALUE! Ina = #VALUE!
Stress in Concrete = s c = ( V x n ) / Qna = #REF! Kg/cm2
Stress in Steel = s t = [ sc x (de - n ) x m ] / n = #REF! Kg/cm2
ZTT = (nB2/ 6)+[(m - 1)( Ast + Asc)( B - 2dc)2 / ( 2D )] = #VALUE! cm3
Stress in Concrete = s c = MTT / ZTT = #REF! Kg/cm2
Stress in Steel = s t = [ sc x m ] = #REF! Kg/cm2
Stress in Concrete = s c = LL + TT = #REF! Kg/cm2 #REF!
Stress in Steel = s t = LL + TT = #REF! Kg/cm2 #REF!
FOOTING DESIGN PIER
Net pressure =
Stress in the end of the heel = #REF! T/m2
Stress near stem on heel side = #REF! T/m2
Stress near stem on Toe side = #REF! T/m2

Stress in the end of the toe = #REF! T/m2
Stress Diagram at the Base
### #REF!
#REF! + #REF! +
#REF! #REF!
√
Design of Toe Slab MA st = M
d =
Mmax = ### T.m
Qb
σ st . j. d
Smax = ### T
Assume following Reinforcments in Footing

Overall depth of Section #REF! m
Cover 75 mm
Hence, Effecive depth of Section de #REF! cm

Modular Ratio m 10
k 0.2940
j 0.9020
Q 11.0462 Kg/cm2
b= 100 cm

=
d =
√ M
Qb #REF! cm
#REF! cm
#REF!
M
Provision of Main Reinforcements A st =
σ st . j. d
Reinforcement Required = Ast = #REF! cm2
Minimum reinforcement required = 0.12%= #REF! cm2
#REF! cm c/c

Maximum shear stress #REF! Kg/cm2

100xAst = #REF!
bd
so, permissible shear stress = #REF! N/sqmm or = #REF! Kg/cm2
>2.13
Nominal minimum shear reinforcements to be provided
Provide four legged shear reinforcement of 12mm dia at 300mm c/c
Summary
Heel portion
In upper layer 20 30 cm c/c

Toe portion
In upper layer 20 30 cm c/c

Provide four legged 12mm stirrup at 300mm c/c

Design of Corbel for HL Bridge over CHIPLIMA NALLAH
0.76
0.9
0.3
0.76
Data for the Short cantilever 1.87
Overall Span = L = 1870.00 mm length of shaft 2.935

Overall Depth = d = 900 mm
Width = b = 760 mm
Shear Span = a = 3738.5325 mm
Effective Cover = 55 mm
Effective Depth = d' = 845 mm
Depth of Bracket = S = 300 mm
28-day strength of conc = fc' = 25 N/mm2
Yield Stress of Steel = fsy = 415 N/mm2
Design:
Shear span 3739
= = 4.424 > 1
Depth 845
So, the design shall be for cantilevers .

Loads on Corbel:
A Dead Load on cantelever

1 DL of Superstructure = #VALUE! T/m
2 DL of Pier cap & Corbel
a. Pier Cap = 1.293 T/m
b. Corbel i) 2.046 T/m
532.5 (refer SD-306,S-3)
Total #VALUE! T/m
B Live Load = 35.285 T From pier shaft 1.140 m
C Wind Load
The load combination due to clause No.212.2 and 212.3, 212.4 and 212.5 given the maximum moment
Moment at bottom of pier cap due to wind load
RL of Top of Road Formation = 100 m

RL of CG of Wind Force = #REF! m
RL of Cap Level = #REF! m
113 of 30
I #REF! x ( #REF! - #REF! ) = #REF! tm
I 3.228 x ( 100.000 + 1.500 - #REF! )= #REF! tm
III 1.184 x ( #REF! - #REF! ) = #REF! tm
#REF! T #REF! tm
Maximum Moment MLL =Mw/3= #REF! tm

MTT =2Mw/3 #REF! tm
Horizontal Force
#REF!
From Wind Moment = = #REF! T
#REF! - #REF!
Braking Force = 10.120 T
Total Horizontal Force = 10.120 + #REF! = #REF! T
Total Horizontal Force /m Span = #REF! / 7.500 = #REF! T/m
Vertical Force
Dead Load on one side= DL = #VALUE! T/m

Live Load on one side = LL = 35.285 T Critical Load Condition on one side
#REF! tm
From Wind Moment = = #REF! T/m
3.738533 m
B.M near pier shaft= #VALUE! T.m

Shear Force= #VALUE! T
B.M at 1.14m from pier shaft= #VALUE! T.m

Shear Force= #VALUE! T
Maximum Moment MLL = #VALUE! T.m

MTT = #REF! T.m
Maximum Vertical Load N #VALUE! T.
#REF! mm f Anchor Bar

Not less than 600.0 mm
5 layers
mm f 5 L/m Framing Bars for caging of Ah Bars
Ah Bars in 12 mm f at #REF! mm c/c
12
Vertical Stirrups in 200 mm Pitch and of size

12 mm f 5 L/m
Reinforcement from PIER
(B. B. Padhy ) (P.K.Mohapatra) (N.K.Pradhan)

Asst. Engineer, D&P Executive Engineer, Designs - I Superintending Engineer, (P&D) Chief Engineer,
DPI & Roads, Orissa
114 of 30
Check for Thickness
Breadth of cantilever
a. Straight portion 760 mm
MTT = #REF! T.m
Maximum Vertical Load N #VALUE! T.

Cover 50 mm

k 0.29
j 0.90
Q 11.05 Kg/cm2
Maximum Bending Moment in LL Direction = #VALUE! T.m

MLL = #VALUE! Kg.cm
b= 76 cm

d =
√ M
Qb
= #VALUE! cm
112.6 cm #VALUE!
Provision of Main Reinforcements A st = M
At centre
σ st . j. d
Maximum Bending Moment B.M. = #VALUE! T.m. ( Compression )
Overall length of Shaft = Straight = 76 cm
Effective length = b= 76.0 cm
sst = 2000 Kg/cm2
Reinforcement Required = Ast = #VALUE! cm2
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.3% = 25.673 cm2
No. of Main Reinforcement for #VALUE! cm2
Using 25 mm F = #VALUE! Nos.
Let us provide 25 mm F #VALUE! Nos. on pier cap top
Provide 25 mm F #VALUE! no on pier cap bottom
Spacing of each bar in the LL face #VALUE! 7.00 cm

on the earth side shall be
Spacing of bar on the river side 14.00 cm
Let us provide 25 mm F 9 Nos. on either side of Semi -Circular faces
Hence, Reinforcement Provided = #VALUE!
25 mm F #VALUE! Nos. = #VALUE! cm2
#VALUE!

Reinforcement Provided = 25 mm F #VALUE! Nos.
Asp = #VALUE! cm2
Ac=bxd - Asp #VALUE! cm2

Modular Ratio a= 10
Total Vertical Load N= #VALUE! T
N
Direct Stress = σ co ,cal = = #VALUE! Kg/cm2
A +α . A
c sp
MTT = #REF! T.m
Section Modulus ZLL = 160597.62667 cm3
ZTT = 108396.26667 cm3
Bending Stress =
LL Direction scc,cal = #VALUE! Kg/cm2
TT Direction scc,cal = #REF! Kg/cm2
sc 83.3 Kg/cm2
sco 62.5 Kg/cm2
Check as per Cl. 306.5.3 of IRC - 21:2000
(i) sco,cal sc,cal

+ =
sco sc
#VALUE! #REF!
+ =
62.5 83.3
= #VALUE! #VALUE!
Direct Stress Compression = #VALUE! Kg/cm2

Flexure - LL Tension = #VALUE! Kg/cm2
Flexure - TT Tension = #REF! Kg/cm2
Resultant #VALUE! Kg/cm2
#VALUE!
Shear reinforcements
Shear force= #VALUE! T
Shear stress= #VALUE! N/mm2
As/(b*d)x100= #VALUE! %
permissible shear stress in concrete= 0.5 N/mm2 <1.07

shear force to be registed by shear reinforcements= #VALUE! N
Provide 12mm dia 10 legged stirrups at #VALUE! mm say 100 mm c/c

Effective length = b= 76 cm
Checking of Section using Cracked Section Analysis (For pier cap cantilever)
Data
1. Effective Width of Section B 760 cm
3. Vertical Load on Section V #VALUE! T B
4. Applied Moments MLL #VALUE! T.m
MTT #REF! T.m
5. No. of Compression Reinforcement ### #REF! mm F L Asc L
Area of Compression Reinforcement Asc #REF! cm2 D Ast
B
6. No. of Tension Reinforcement ### #REF! mm F
Area of Tension Reinforcement Ast #REF! cm2
8. Grade of Concrete = #REF!
Permissible Bending Stress of concrete scbc #REF! Kg/cm2 Ref. Table - 9 of IRC : 21 - 2000
Assume
1. Cover dc 5.0 cm
Hence
1. Effective Cover in Compression side dc #REF! cm
2. Effective Depth of Section de #REF! cm
From the Equation

Qna = 380.000 n2+ ( #REF! n)+( #REF! )
From the Equation

Ina = 253.333 n +( 3
#REF! n )+(
2
#REF! n)+( #REF! )
From the Equation

H = e + n - ( D / 2) where, e = Moment / Vertical Load = ### cm
H= n- #VALUE!

Ina = Qna x H = 380.000 n +( 3
#VALUE! n )+(
2
#REF! n)+( #REF! )

126.667 n3 + ( #VALUE! n2)+( #REF! n)+( #REF! ) = 0
Solving for n,
we get, n= 19.45 cm
Qna = #REF! Ina = #REF!
Stress in Concrete = s c = ( V x n ) / Qna = #VALUE! Kg/cm2
Stress in Steel = s t = [ sc x (de - n ) x m ] / n = #REF! Kg/cm2
ZTT = (nB2/ 6)+[(m - 1)( Ast + Asc)( B - 2dc)2 / ( 2D )] = #REF! cm3
Stress in Concrete = s c = MTT / ZTT = #REF! Kg/cm2
Stress in Steel = s t = [ sc x m ] = #REF! Kg/cm2
Stress in Concrete = s c = LL + TT = #VALUE! Kg/cm2 #VALUE!
Stress in Steel = s t = LL + TT = #REF! Kg/cm2 #REF!

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Construction of H.L. bridge at Ch.30.

75 km on road from NH6 to Riamal

longitudinal section of Nala along longest bed

u/s to b/s b/s to d/s

points Dist (m) Level (m) Dist (m) Level (m)

1 0 54.319 175 52.978

2 20 54.219 200 52.726

3 40 53.889 220 52.912

4 60 53.963 240 52.515

5 80 53.793 260 52.264

6 100 53.617 280 52.097

7 120 53.445 300 51.848

8 140 53.512 320 51.955

9 160 53.093 340 51.676

10 175 52.978 350 51.509

Longitudinal slope = 0.016 0.01 1in 125

100.000 Formation Level

0.5 0.75 99.000

98.200 Founding Level

Sectio Volume per unit length Density Weight

Sum of Restoring Moments 6.487 T.m

Sum of Vertical Forces 6.732 T

Stress at Toe = 7.129 T / m2

Check for Over Turning

Sum of Restoring Moments 6.487 T.m

Factor of Safety = 2.88 >2.0

Sum of Sliding Forces = 2.650 T

Factor of Safety = 1.44 >1.5

Section Volume per unit length Density Weight

Section Earth Pressure Force per unit length

Length of retaining wall at Base

Assume following Reinforcments in critical section

Grade of Concrete M15

Maximum Bending Moment in LL Direction = 0.49 T.m

Effective depth required = d =

Provision of Main Reinforcements M

Spacing of each bar in the LL face on 100 / 18 = 5.5 or say 15.00 cm

Spacing of bar on the river side 15.00 cm

Ac=bxd - Asp 11905.70 cm2

(i) sco,cal sc,cal

(ii) Resultant Tension due to Direct compression and Flexure =

Direct Stress Compression = 0.22 Kg/cm2

Within permissible limits, hence Safe.

Provide distribution reinforcements of 6 mm dia @ 150 mm C/c both faces

From the Equation

From the Equation

From the Equation

From the Equation Eqn. 2

Equating Equation No. 1 and Equation No. 2, we get

Stress in the toe = + 7.129 T/m2

Pressure from the footing

Stress near stem on heel side = -5.119 T/m2

Stress near stem on Toe side = 3.997 T/m2

Stress Diagram at the Base

Design of Heel Slab

Mmax = -0.26 T.m

Assume following Reinforcements in Footing

Effective depth required = d =

Effective depth provided = d =

Provide 10 mm HYSD bar at 10.000 cm c/c

Maximum shear stress 0.24 Kg/cm2

So nominal minimum shear reinforcement to be provided

Design of Toe Slab

Mmax = 0.21 T.m