Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Textbook Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering 1St Edition Francis A Kulacki Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering 1St Edition Francis A Kulacki Ebook All Chapter PDF
https://textbookfull.com/product/thermal-safety-of-chemical-
processes-risk-assessment-and-process-design-2nd-edition-francis-
stoessel/
https://textbookfull.com/product/thermal-safety-of-chemical-
processes-risk-assessment-and-process-design-2nd-edition-francis-
stoessel-2/
https://textbookfull.com/product/bioinspired-engineering-of-
thermal-materials-1st-edition-tao-deng/
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-visual-elements-design-a-
handbook-for-communicating-science-and-engineering-1st-edition-
frankel/
Thermal Engineering: Engineering Thermodynamics and
Heat Transfer (De Gruyter Textbook) 1st Edition Qiu
https://textbookfull.com/product/thermal-engineering-engineering-
thermodynamics-and-heat-transfer-de-gruyter-textbook-1st-edition-
qiu/
https://textbookfull.com/product/handbook-of-data-science-
approaches-for-biomedical-engineering-1st-edition-valentina-
emilia-balas/
https://textbookfull.com/product/handbook-of-food-science-and-
technology-2-food-process-engineering-and-packaging-1st-edition-
romain-jeantet/
https://textbookfull.com/product/optimal-control-in-thermal-
engineering-1st-edition-viorel-badescu/
https://textbookfull.com/product/crc-materials-science-and-
engineering-handbook-fourth-edition-james-f-shackelford/
Francis A. Kulacki
Editor-in-Chief
Sumanta Acharya · Yaroslav Chudnovsky
Renato Machado Cotta · Ram Devireddy
Vijay K. Dhir · M. Pinar Mengüç
Javad Mostaghimi · Kambiz Vafai Section Editors
Handbook of
Thermal
Science and
Engineering
Handbook of Thermal Science and
Engineering
Francis A. Kulacki
Editor-in-Chief
Handbook of Thermal
Science and Engineering
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of
Springer Nature.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
In memoriam: Professor Emil Pfender
We dedicate the section on plasma heat transfer to the memory of
Professor Emil Pfender (1925–2016) of the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, for his
outstanding and lasting contributions to the field of thermal plasma
heat transfer and materials processing by thermal plasmas.
During his lifetime, Professor Pfender spearheaded pioneering studies
on particle heat and mass transfer in thermal plasmas, anode
boundary layer, and free burning arcs including the electrode
regions, as well as nonequilibrium effects in arc plasma torches. He
studied extensively plasma synthesis of ultrafine powders, later called
“nanoparticles,” and developed processes for deposition of thin films,
e.g., diamond films, by thermal plasma technology. His extensive
research on plasma spray coating process has had applications
ranging from jet engine turbine blades and combustors to medical
hip implants.
Professor Pfender received a Diploma in Physics in 1953, followed
by Dr. Ing. in Electrical Engineering in 1959 at the Technical University
of Stuttgart. He then became Chief Assistant and Lecturer at the
Institute for Gaseous Electronics at the same university. He spent a
year (1961) as a Visiting Scientist at the Plasma Physics Branch of the
Air Force Research Laboratories, at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in
Ohio. In 1964, Professor Pfender was recruited by Professor Ernst
R.G. Eckert and joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering at
the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. There, he
established the High Temperature Laboratory (HTL), which quickly
became one of the highest regarded laboratories in the field.
Professor Pfender was the recipient of many honors and awards. In
1986, he was elected as a member of the US National Academy of
Engineering. He was a Fellow of the ASME, the recipient of the
Alexander von Humboldt Award of the German Government, the
Gold Honorary F. Krizik Medal for Merits in the Field of Technical
Sciences of the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Honorary Doctor’s
degree from the Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany, and the
Plasma Chemistry Award from the International Union for Pure and
Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). In 1980, he co-founded the Journal of
Plasma Processing and Plasma Chemistry and remained its
co-Editor-in-Chief until 2005.
On a personal level, it was an honor to have been his student
(1976–1982) and to have learned from his vast knowledge. He was
generous, courteous, amiable, and a true gentleman.
Preface
Thermal engineering and science touches almost all branches of modern industrial
activity, from the production and refining of mineral resources, to processing and
production of basic food stuffs, to manufacturing processes, to energy conversion
devices and systems, to environmental engineering, and to biological engineering. In
all of these fields, technologies involve the transport of thermal energy, or heat, and
in many cases mass transfer. I cannot think of an area of human activity that does not
involve either the removal of thermal energy or the addition of thermal energy to an
engineering process or manufactured product. The applied thermal sciences and
engineering now apply to processes and systems from the near-atomic scale to the
familiar macro-scales of industry and the environment. The topics in this handbook
have been selected with this view in mind, and the goal has been to include topics
that hitherto have not appeared in similar handbooks on heat and mass transfer in
the past.
The theory of heat on the macroscale is now well developed. This development
began haltingly in the sixteenth century and blossomed in the nineteenth century
with the expansion of process industries and the perfection of energy conversion
devices and systems. The design of familiar thermal systems and equipment – heat
exchangers, heat-treating equipment, and gas turbines for power and propulsion,
refrigeration systems, conventional electronic cooling equipment, and energy con-
version devices – all rest on this foundation. Nowadays, we have highly developed
theoretical and empirical foundations for describing and reducing to practice knowl-
edge of the basic modes of thermal energy transport: diffusion or heat conduction;
convection; thermal radiation; and phase-change processes, principally boiling and
condensation. Various levels of analysis and empiricism pertain to each, and some
subfields remain resistant to complete mathematical description. We continue to rely
on ad hoc closure models for predicting turbulent convective heat transfer coeffi-
cients, and heat at the nano-scale is a subject of fundamental investigation on the
dominant transport mechanisms in various applications. But what is different today
is the co-mingling of our understanding of the fundamental modes of heat and mass
transfer and thermal physics with knowledge from widely different disciplines. In a
real sense, the necessity of determining thermal effects across a range of processes
and applications has brought transdisciplinarity to the forefront of thermal engineer-
ing. The applied thermal sciences at the micro- and nanoscales have also advanced
vii
viii Preface
rapidly from their theoretical and empirical foundations established in the twentieth
century to where engineering applications – devices and manufactured products –
are an emergent reality. While thermal energy transport at the nanoscale is certainly a
focus of much applied and fundamental research today, the development of submi-
cron sized devices means that thermal engineering of a wholly different character
may well be needed, and a chapter focusing on thermal transport in micro- and
nanoscale systems is included.
The handbook is intended for researchers, practitioners, and graduate students. A
good number of chapters are focused on fundamental descriptions of all modes of
thermal energy transport, and this makes the handbook a general reference and
introduction to the field. Applications to new and developing technologies and
applied topics are also included. The section on heat transfer in biology and
biological systems elaborates the techniques and several active topical areas at the
intersection of biology and medicine with heat and mass transfer. A section on heat
transfer in plasmas provides a comprehensive picture of contemporary industrial
applications of ionized gases and their use in materials engineering.
I extend my appreciation and thanks to all of those who have contributed to this
handbook. The section editors have superbly managed an extraordinary wide range
of topics, and authors of the chapters have skillfully summarized both classical and
contemporary developments of their subjects. We hope the range of topics will serve
not only current thermal engineers and scientists but also those to come in the years
ahead.
We have dedicated the section on heat transfer in plasmas to the memory of
Dr. Emil Pfender. He was a colleague and friend to his colleagues and the many
students who studied under him at the University of Minnesota. His research and
professional contributions continue to have a major influence on the field of plasma
heat transfer.
Volume 1
ix
x Contents
Volume 2
Volume 3
Volume 4
xv
xvi About the Editor
xvii
xviii Section Editors
xxv
xxvi Contributors
[Inhoud]
M.
Manja. N.E. naam voor (Mangifera indica L.), een grooten uit O. I.
afkomstigen boom, wiens vruchten een oranjegeel vruchtvleesch en
één groote pit hebben, door een vezelige buitenlaag omgeven. Deze
vezels dringen in het vruchtvleesch door. Er zijn verschillende
variëteiten, wier waarde voor de cultuur afhangt van de grootte van de
pit, van de hoeveelheid vezels in het vleesch en van den geur. De
manja is een der weinige veredelde tropische vruchten.
Moetitté. Open korf of zak, gevlochten uit de bladeren van den Pina-
palm of van andere palmsoorten, en waarin de I. vruchten enz. dragen.
Aan een katoenen band of baststrook van den Oeman barklak (Zie:
Winnamoroe), die om het voorhoofd loopt, dragen zij de korf op den
rug. De gesloten korven der N. heeten eveneens moetitté.
Mopé. Zie: Pruim.
[Inhoud]
N.
[Inhoud]
O.
Otolin. Naam van een vogel, die in de litteratuur niet kon worden
opgespoord.
[Inhoud]
P.
Paiwarri. In Engelsch G. duidt men met dezen naam den drank aan,
die bereid wordt uit dik, eenigszins verbrand Cassave-brood, dat
gekauwd en in een korjaal gespuwd wordt. Het mout komt er bij in den
vorm van een enkele dagen te voren gereedgemaakte stroop van een
weinig gekookt Cassave-sap en eenige verbrande koeken. De korjaal
wordt daarna met palmbladeren bedekt om de massa eenige dagen te
laten gisten. Tegenwoordig is deze onsmakelijke bereiding verlaten.
De A. noemen dezen drank, die eenigszins zuur smaakt, Tapana. De I.
spreken van Tapana- of Paiwarri-feesten.
Papaja. (Carica papaya L.). Boom met weeken, kalen stam en dichte
kroon van handvormig ingesneden bladeren. De vruchten zijn licht
verteerbaar, de bladeren worden gebruikt om vleesch malsch te
maken.
Pasrie, ook wel Pasirimbo genoemd, is een in der haast uit één
palmblad gevlochten korf.
Patatten. De wortelknol van een kruidachtige, kleine plant (Ipomoea
batatas L.) wordt gekookt of geroosterd gegeten, maar ook als veevoer
gebruikt. Zoowel I. als N. planten dit gewas op hunne kostgronden
aan. Switi patata (zoete patatten) is de N.E. naam.
Peperpot (kasripopot), bereidt men uit pap van de bittere Cassave, die
men tot een bittere brij laat koken. In den pot, die volgens I.-geloof
nooit mag worden schoongemaakt (zie No. 26), wordt het voorradige
vleesch en de visch met veel Spaanschen peper dooreengeroerd, om
een der voornaamste gerechten van den I. te bereiden. Altijd staat bij
hen een peperpot klaar. De peperpot wordt steeds bijgevuld.
[Inhoud]
R.
S.
T.
[Inhoud]
V.
Vogelspin. Zeer groote spinnen, zoo genoemd, omdat zij ook wel
eens kleine vogels, als Kolibries, overvallen. Men onderscheidt nog
twee soorten Mygale blondii, en M. avicularia. De eerste is de grootst
bekende spinnensoort. Het sterk behaarde dier leeft in den grond,
waarin het gangen bewoont (soms 60 cM. lang), aan wier ingang het
tegen den avond op de loer ligt. De tweede soort is kleiner en maakt
haar zakvormig spinsel overal, op boomen, tusschen de bladeren der
ananas, in huizen.
[Inhoud]
W.
[Inhoud]
Y.
[Inhoud]
Z.
1 Bij de samenstelling van dit register is, behalve van de geschriften, in het
litteratuur-overzicht genoemd, een ruim gebruik gemaakt van de Encyclopedie
van Ned. West-Indië. ↑
2 Een gelijksoortig geloof komt ook bij andere primitieve stammen voor (o.a. bij de
oorspronkelijke Koeboes van Zuid-Sumatra). ↑