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Manfred Droste · László Fuchs
Brendan Goldsmith · Lutz Strüngmann
Editors
Groups, Modules,
and Model Theory -
Surveys and Recent
Developments
In Memory of Rüdiger Göbel
Groups, Modules, and Model Theory - Surveys
and Recent Developments
Manfred Droste • László Fuchs • Brendan Goldsmith
Lutz Strüngmann
Editors
123
Editors
Manfred Droste László Fuchs
Institut für Informatik Department of Mathematics
Universität Leipzig Tulane University
Leipzig, Germany New Orleans, LA, USA
When Rüdiger Göbel died in July 2014, his many friends and colleagues from
around the world felt it appropriate to acknowledge his contributions to a wide-
ranging area of group theory and model theory by organising a conference in his
honour. Out of this developed the conference New Pathways Between Group Theory
and Model Theory which took place in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, during
February 1–4, 2016. The enthusiastic response to this conference led directly to this
volume; we are most thankful to all the participants of that conference who helped to
make it an unforgettable event that Rüdiger would certainly have enjoyed. However,
the material appearing in this book is not of the usual conference proceedings type:
the editors have tried to present a balanced mix of survey papers, which will enable
expert and non-expert alike to get a good overview of developments across a range
of areas of group, module and model theory, along with research papers presenting
some of the most recent developments in these same areas. Every effort has been
made to make these research papers easily accessible in their introductory sections.
We would hope that the material is of interest to both beginning graduate students
and experienced researchers alike. The topics covered are, inevitably, just a cross
section of the vast areas of group, module and model theory, but they reflect in
a strong way the areas in which Rüdiger Göbel contributed so much. The book
is divided into two sections, surveys and recent research developments, with each
section containing material from all the areas of the title.
Finally, we would like to express our sincere thanks to the colleagues who
contributed papers so enthusiastically, to the many experts who acted as referees
for all the papers, to the professional staff at Springer and in particular to Dimana
Tzvetkova, for their help in producing a volume which we hope is an appropriate
commemoration of our late friend Rüdiger Göbel. A special word of thanks goes
vii
viii Preface
to Katrin Leistner for her invaluable help during the organisation of the conference
and also during the preparation of this memorial volume. We would also like to
acknowledge the help given by Gabor Braun and Daniel Herden at various stages of
the organisation of both the conference and this volume.
ix
x Contents
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
List of Contributors
xiii
xiv List of Contributors
Rüdiger Göbel, who died on July 28, 2014, was one of the leading algebraists of
his generation. He was the only child of Gotthard and Ruth Göbel and was born in
Fürstenwalde, Germany (later in the German Democratic Republic), on December
27, 1940, during World War II. His family eventually fled the German Democratic
Republic settling in what was then West Germany. Rüdiger went on to study
mathematics and physics at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt
am Main, receiving his doctorate in 1967 under the supervision of Reinhold Baer;
he was Baer’s last doctoral student, and the two remained good friends for the rest
of Baer’s life even though they still maintained the very formal means of address:
Rüdiger often joked that despite his new position as a professor, he was still Herr
Göbel, while Baer remained Herr Professor Baer.
Rüdiger’s academic career began with positions in Würzburg, Germany, and
Austin, Texas, working in the area of physics and particularly in relativity theory.
His habilitation followed in 1974 with the title ‘General Relativity Theory and
Group Theory’. He moved in the same year to the University of Essen as a professor
of applied mathematics, eventually changing to pure mathematics; he remained in
the University of Essen (or Duisburg-Essen as it became) for the rest of his career.
On his way to the university in Frankfurt on December 3, 1964, he met a fellow
student (of English and history) Heidi Drexler, and they married in 1969 and have
one daughter Ines, who also studied mathematics. Rüdiger often commented that
that trip to the university was his ‘lucky day’; he and Heidi had an enduring,
warm and loving relationship which was so evident to the numerous visitors who
enjoyed the hospitality of Rüdiger, Heidi and Ines (and James, the dog) in the Göbel
family home; the wonderful aroma of freshly brewed FortMason tea at breakfast
is never to be forgotten. (Incidentally, this tea was the drink he carried in his
flask at conferences, seminars and colloquium talks and jokingly referred to as his
‘whiskey’.) Rüdiger and Heidi had another bond: they were co-authors in 1978 of a
paper on an old English riddle in the Exeter book—see [202].
At the outset, let us stress that it is impossible in a few pages to give a detailed
overview of the many research contributions made by Rüdiger Göbel, and it will be
for a later generation to assess his impact on the world of algebra. His publication
xvii
xviii Rüdiger Göbel—An Appreciation
list numbers 211 papers, and of these, three could be viewed as historical, four
are unpublished manuscripts and one (with Heidi) non-mathematical; in addition,
there are two important research books with Jan Trlifaj [1, 2] and 11 books, mainly
conference proceedings, where he was a coeditor, and we know of six further works
which he had listed prior to his death as ‘in preparation’—see the publication section
at the end of this Appreciation.
An obvious feature of Rüdiger’s research output is the number of co-authors,
some 53 in total, but perhaps more surprising is the number of co-authors with
whom he wrote multiple papers and the duration of these collaborations. Four co-
authors had more than 10 joint papers with him, and these collaborations endured
for more than 25 years: Saharon Shelah co-authored 35 papers between 1985 and
2014; Manfred Dugas co-authored 28 papers from 1979 to 2007; Manfred Droste
co-authored 18 papers in the 34-year period 1979–2013 and Brendan Goldsmith
co-authored 11 papers between 1984 and 2010. Many others had collaborations
resulting in more than 5 joint papers. Rüdiger always enjoyed this joint approach to
working on a problem and often expressed the view that ‘it’s fun working together’;
in fact, just 23 of his listed papers are singly authored. He was a generous co-
author, quick to share ideas but always demanding in terms of getting the best
results possible. His ability to move from one topic to another was impressive. His
research work can be split crudely into a number of categories; the definition of such
categories is, of course, somewhat arbitrary, and many other divisions are possible;
nor could the categories ever be regarded as disjoint. We look at each of these briefly:
(1) Physics
Rüdiger published just four papers in the area of physics [194, 203, 204, 208],
and these relate mainly to topological issues arising in general relativity theory.
Despite his comparatively small output in physics, Rüdiger was very proud of his
work in this area, particularly as it had drawn praise from no less a figure than
Stephen Hawking.
(2) Informatics
Rüdiger also worked in an area that can be broadly described as informatics
with Manfred Droste—see, for example, [130, 136, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152]. These
papers are mainly concerned with domain theory, the mathematics underpinning
denotational semantics of programming languages and the application of model
theoretic methods to systematically construct universal Scott domains. Broadly,
similar ideas influenced the later probabilistic approach to the classical Ulm-Zippin
theorem on reduced p-groups [16].
97, 105, 111, 114, 122, 137, 143]. He also retained a long-term interest in infinite
permutation groups and related matters—see, for example, [7, 54, 76, 192, 199].
In many of these works, one can see the influence of his work in Abelian groups.
Rüdiger, like his close friend László Fuchs, had a strong belief that Abelian group
theory provides a powerful source of ideas and techniques that can be applied in
other areas of algebra, an approach he outlined in [115]. The validity of this belief
can be seen in his approach to the works just listed and also to papers such as [32, 86,
89, 109, 123, 162, 166] which are actually outside of the realm of pure group theory;
incidentally, Rüdiger was very proud of the $25 prize for solving C.U. Jensen’s
problem in [162] and for many years had the cheque from Jensen pinned to the wall
in his office.
Crawley modules [47, 49], group algebras [34, 65], cotorsion theories [28, 34,
83, 93], cotilting modules [54, 88, 92] and measure theoretic algebra [70, 95,
124, 125].
References
Personal Comments
Manfred Droste:
Rüdiger Göbel was a great teacher as well as a supportive colleague. He had so
many interesting and difficult research works but was always so modest. In spite
of the demands of this research work, he also had time for personal talks. We will
always remember his enthusiasm and personal friendship.
László Fuchs:
It was quite an experience to work with Rüdiger. I admired his huge knowledge,
his quick responses to difficult questions and his good judgement in selecting
important features. We lost a prominent mathematician, a good friend. He will be
sorely missed.
Brendan Goldsmith:
When Rüdiger Göbel died, the world of mathematics lost an important member
of its community, but his colleagues lost more than this: a generous friend always
with a word of encouragement and a smile.
Ní bheidh a leithéid arís ann!
Lutz Strüngmann:
Rüdiger has been my mentor for 25 years. I took linear algebra courses from him
when I was a freshman, and ever since then, he has become not only a colleague,
but a true friend. I will never forget his passion for mathematics, his unique way of
teaching and his warm friendship.
Rüdiger, du warst ein großartiger Lehrer!
xxii Rüdiger Göbel—An Appreciation
Rüdiger’s students were very important to him, and he was always generous in
sharing his ideas and motivating his students. For many years, the students’ office
in the Mathematics Department at the University of Duisburg-Essen has been a
stimulating and comfortable one for both students and visitors alike, in no small
measure due to the influence of Simone Wallutis and her three ‘Jungs’. Rüdiger
was very proud of this and devoted time and energy to ensuring that this tradition
remained alive.
The students whom he formally supervised for doctorates are listed below,
but it is important to say that others regarded themselves as being his ‘informal’
students and were active participants in his research seminars at various times;
Ulrich Albrecht (professor at Auburn University, Alabama) and Berthold Franzen
(professor at Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Gießen, Germany) certainly fall
into this category.
14. G. Braun and R. Göbel, Splitting kernels into small summands, Israel J. Math.
188, (2012) pp. 221–230.
15. R. Göbel, K. Leistner, P. Loth, and L. Strüngmann, Infinitary equivalence of
Zp -modules with nice decomposition bases, J. Commut. Algebra 3, (2011)
pp.321–348.
16. M. Droste and R. Göbel, Countable random p-groups with prescribed Ulm-
invariants, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 139, (2011) pp. 3203–3216.
17. R. Göbel, Absolute E-modules, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 215, (2011) pp. 822–
828.
18. R. Göbel, D. Herden, and S. Shelah, Absolute E-rings, Adv. Math. 226, (2011)
pp. 235–253.
19. L. Fuchs, R. Göbel and L. Salce, On inverse-direct systems of modules, J. Pure
Appl. Algebra 214, (2010) pp. 322–331.
20. R.Göbel and B. Goldsmith, The maximal pure spectrum of an abelian group,
Illinois J. Math. 53, (2010) pp. 817–832.
21. M. Droste and R. Göbel, Stabilizers of direct composition series, Algebra
Universalis 62, (2009) pp. 209–237.
22. W. Chachólski, E.D. Farjoun, R. Göbel and Y. Segev, Cellular covers of
divisible abelian groups, Contemp. Math. 504, (2009) pp. 77–97.
23. R. Göbel, D. Herden and S. Shelah, Skeletons, bodies and generalized E.R/-
algebras, J. Eur. Math. Soc. 11, (2009) pp. 845–901.
24. R. Göbel, B. Goldsmith and O. Kolman, On modules which are self-slender,
Houston J. Math. 35, (2009) pp. 725–736.
25. R. Göbel and A.T. Paras, Decompositions of reflexive groups and Martin’s
axiom, Houston J. Math. 35, (2009) pp. 705–718.
26. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, @n -free modules with trivial duals, Results Math. 54,
(2009) pp. 53–64.
27. L. Fuchs and R. Göbel, Cellular covers of abelian groups, Results Math. 53,
(2009) pp. 59–76.
28. R. Göbel, N. Hülsmann and L. Strüngmann, B-cotorsion pairs and a primer
for Bext, Can. J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2, (2008) pp. 607–628.
29. R. Göbel and J. Matz, An extension of Butler’s theorem on endomorphism
rings, Models, modules and abelian groups, (2008) pp. 75–81.
30. L. Fuchs and R. Göbel, Modules with absolute endomorphism rings, Israel J.
Math. 167, (2008) pp. 91–109.
31. R. Göbel and S. Pokutta, Construction of dual modules using Martin’s axiom,
J. Algebra 320, (2008) pp. 2388–2404.
32. M. Droste, R. Göbel and S. Pokutta, Absolute graphs with prescribed endo-
morphism monoids, Semigroup Forum 76, (2008) pp. 256–267.
33. R. Göbel and D. Herden, The existence of large E.R/-algebras that are sharply
transitive modules, Comm. Algebra 36, (2008) pp. 120–131.
34. L. Fuchs and R. Göbel, Testing for cotorsionness over domains, Rend. Semin.
Mat. Univ. Padova 118, (2007) pp. 85–99.
35. R. Göbel and O.H. Kegel, Group algebras: normal subgroups and ideals,
Milan J. Math. 75, (2007) pp. 323–332.
xxvi Rüdiger Göbel—An Appreciation
36. E.D. Farjoun, R. Göbel, Y. Segev and S. Shelah, On kernels of cellular covers,
Groups Geom. Dyn. 1, (2007) pp. 409–419.
37. R. Göbel, N. Hülsmann and L. Strüngmann, A generalization of Whitehead’s
problem and its independence, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 148, (2007) pp. 20–30.
38. R. Göbel and D. Herden, Constructing sharply transitive R-modules of rank
2@0 , J. Group Theory 10, (2007) pp. 467–475.
39. M. Dugas and R. Göbel, An extension of Zassenhaus’ theorem on endomor-
phism rings, Fund. Math. 194, (2007) pp. 239–251.
40. R. Göbel and D. Herden, E.R/-algebras that are sharply transitive modules,
J. Algebra 311, (2007) pp. 319–336.
41. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Absolutely indecomposable modules, Proc. Amer.
Math. Soc. 135, (2007) pp. 1641–1649.
42. E.D. Farjoun, R. Göbel and Y. Segev, Cellular covers of groups, J. Pure Appl.
Algebra 208, (2007) pp. 61–76.
43. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Generalized E-algebras via -calculus I, Fund. Math.
192, (2006) pp. 155–181.
44. R. Göbel and B. Goldsmith, Classifiying E-algebras over Dedekind domains,
J. Algebra 306, (2006) pp. 566–575.
45. R. Göbel and O.H. Kegel, Group rings with simple augmentation ideals,
Contemp. Math. 402, (2006) pp. 171–180.
46. L. Fuchs and R. Göbel, Unions of slender groups, Arch. Math. 87, (2006)
pp. 6–17.
47. A.L.S. Corner, R. Göbel and B. Goldsmith, On torsion-free Crawley groups,
Q. J. Math. 57, (2006) pp. 183–192.
48. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Torsionless linearly compact modules, Lect. Notes
Pure Appl. Math. 249, (2006) pp. 153–158.
49. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, On Crawley modules, Comm. Algebra 33, (2005)
pp. 4211–4218.
50. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, How rigid are reduced products? J. Pure Appl.
Algebra 202, (2005) pp. 230–258.
51. L. Fuchs and R. Göbel, Large superdecomposable E.R/-algebras, Fund. Math.
185, (2005) pp. 71–82.
52. G. Braun and R. Göbel, E-algebras whose torsion part is not cyclic, Proc.
Amer. Math. Soc. 133, (2005) pp. 2251–2258.
53. S. Bazzoni, R. Göbel and L. Strüngmann, Pure injectivity of n-cotilting
modules: the Prüfer and the countable case, Arch Math. 84, (2005) pp. 216–
224.
54. M. Droste and R. Göbel, Uncountable cofinalities of permutation groups, J.
London Math. Soc. (2) 71, (2005) pp. 335–344.
55. R. Göbel, S. Shelah and L. Strüngmann, Generalized E-rings, Lect. Notes
Pure Appl. Math. 236, (2004) pp. 291–306.
56. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Uniquely transitive torsion-free abelian groups, Lect.
Notes Pure Appl. Math. 236, (2004) pp. 271–290.
57. R. Göbel, K. Kaarli, L. Márki and S.L. Wallutis, Endoprimal torsion-free
separable abelian groups, J. Algebra Appl. 3, (2004) pp. 61–73.
Rüdiger Göbel—An Appreciation xxvii
79. M. Droste, M. Giraudet and R. Göbel, All groups are outer automorphism
groups of simple groups, J. London Math. Soc. (2) 64, (2001) pp. 565–575.
80. R. Göbel and L. Strüngmann, Almost-free E.R/-algebras and E.A; R/-
modules, Fund. Math. 169, (2001) pp. 175–192.
81. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Some nasty reflexive groups, Math. Z. 237, (2001)
pp. 547–559.
82. R. Göbel and A.T. Paras, p-adic completions and automorphisms of nilpotent
groups, Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Padova 105, (2001) pp. 193–206.
83. R. Göbel, S. Shelah and S.L. Wallutis, On the lattice of cotorsion theories, J.
Algebra 238, (2001) pp. 292–313.
84. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Reflexive subgroups of the Baer-Specker group and
Martin’s axiom, Contemp. Math. 273, (2001) pp. 145–158.
85. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Decompositions of reflexive modules, Arch. Math. 76,
(2001) pp. 166–181.
86. M. Dugas and R. Göbel, Automorphism groups of geometric lattices, Algebra
Universalis 45, (2001) pp. 425–433.
87. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, An addendum and corrigendum to: “Almost free
splitters”, Colloq. Math. 88, (2001) pp. 155–158.
88. R. Göbel and J. Trlifaj, Large indecomposable roots of Ext, J. Pure Appl.
Algebra 157, (2001) pp. 241–246.
89. R. Göbel, Some combinatorial principles for solving algebraic problems,
Trends Math. (Infinite length modules, Bielefeld, 1998), (2000) pp. 107–127.
90. R. Göbel and A. Opdenhövel, Every endomorphism of a local Warfield module
of finite torsion-free rank is the sum of two automorphisms, J. Algebra 223,
(2000) pp. 758–771.
91. R. Göbel and A.T. Paras, Outer automorphism groups of metabelian groups,
J. Pure Appl. Algebra 149, (2000) pp. 251–266.
92. R. Göbel and J. Trlifaj, Cotilting and a hierarchy of almost cotorsion groups,
J. Algebra 224, (2000) pp. 110–122.
93. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Cotorsion theories and splitters, Trans. Amer. Math.
Soc. 352, (2000) pp. 5357–5379.
94. S. Files and R. Göbel, Representations over PID’s with three distinguished
submodules, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 352, (2000) pp. 2407–2427.
95. R. Göbel and R. Shortt, An algebraic condition sufficient for extensions of
group-valuated charges, unpublished manuscript.
96. R. Göbel and D. Simson, Rigid families and endomorphism algebras of
Kronecker modules, Israel J. Math. 110, (1999) pp. 293–315.
97. R. Göbel and A.T. Paras, Realizing automorphism groups of metabelian
groups, Trends Math. (Abelian groups and modules, Dublin, 1998), (1999)
pp. 309–317.
98. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Almost free splitters, Colloq. Math. 81, (1999)
pp. 193–221.
99. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Endomorphism rings of modules whose cardinality is
cofinal to omega, Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 201, (1998) pp. 235–248.
Rüdiger Göbel—An Appreciation xxix
100. A.L.S. Corner and R. Göbel, Subgroups of the Baer-Specker group with
prescribed endomorphism ring and large dual, Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math.
201, (1998) pp. 113–123.
101. A.L.S. Corner and R. Göbel, Radicals commuting with cartesian products,
Arch. Math. 71, (1998) pp. 341–348.
102. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, Indecomposable almost free modules - the local case,
Canad. J. Math. 50, (1998) pp. 719–738.
103. S. Files and R. Göbel, Gauß’ theorem for two submodules, Math. Z. 228,
(1998) 511–536.
104. R. Göbel and S.L. Pabst, Endomorphism algebras over large domains, Fund.
Math. 156, (1998) pp. 211–240.
105. R. Göbel and A.T. Paras, Automorphisms of metabelian groups with trivial
center, Illinois J. Math. 42, (1998) pp. 333–346.
106. R. Göbel and D. Simson, Embeddings of Kronecker modules into the category
of prinjective modules and the endomorphism ring problem, Colloq. Math. 75,
(1998) pp. 213–244.
107. A.L.S. Corner and R. Göbel, Essentially rigid floppy subgroups of the Baer-
Specker group, Manuscripta Math. 94, (1997) pp. 319–326.
108. M. Dugas and R. Göbel, Endomorphism rings of B2 -groups of infinite rank,
Israel J. Math. 101, (1997) pp. 141–156.
109. M. Dugas and R. Göbel, Automorphism groups of fields II, Comm. Algebra
25, (1997) pp. 3777–3785.
110. M. Dugas, R. Göbel and W. May, Free modules with two distinguished
submodules, Comm. Algebra 25, (1997) pp. 3473–3481.
111. M. Droste and R. Göbel, The automorphism groups of Hahn groups, in:
Ordered Algebraic Structures (W.C. Holland, J. Martinez, ed.) Kluwer Aca-
demic Publishers, (1997) pp. 183–215.
112. R. Göbel and W. May, Endomorphism algebras of peak I-spaces over posets of
infinite prinjective type, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 349, (1997) pp. 3535–3567.
113. K.P.S. Bhaskara Rao, R. Göbel and R.M. Shortt, Extensions of group-valued
set functions, Period. Math. Hungar. 33, (1996) pp. 35–44.
114. M. Droste and R. Göbel, The automorphism groups of generalized McLain
groups, in: Ordered Groups and Infinite Permutation Groups (W.C. Holland,
ed.) Kluwer Academic Publishers (1995) pp. 97–120.
115. M. Dugas and R. Göbel, Applications of abelian groups and model theory to
algebraic structures, in: Infinite Groups (1994),(Ravello) de Gruyter (1996)
pp. 41–62.
116. M. Dugas and R. Göbel, Classification of modules with two distinguished pure
submodules and bounded quotients, Results Math. 30, (1996) pp. 264–275.
117. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, G.C.H. implies existence of many rigid almost free
abelian groups, Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 182, (1996) pp. 253–271.
118. R. Göbel, László Fuchs - a personal evaluation of his contributions to
mathematics, Period. Math. Hungar. 32, (1996) pp. 13–29.
119. A. Blass and R. Göbel, Subgroups of the Baer-Specker group with few
endomorphisms but large dual, Fund. Math. 149, (1996) pp. 19–29.
xxx Rüdiger Göbel—An Appreciation
120. R. Göbel and S. Shelah, On the existence of rigid @1 -free abelian groups of
cardinality @1 , Math. Appl. 343, (1995) pp. 227–237.
121. R. Göbel and B. Goldsmith, The Kaplansky test problems - an approach via
radicals, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 99, (1995) pp. 331–344.
122. M. Droste and R. Göbel, McLain groups over arbitrary rings and orderings,
Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 117, (1995) pp. 439–467.
123. M. Dugas and R. Göbel, Automorphism groups of fields, Manuscripta Math.
85, (1994) pp. 227–242.
124. R. Göbel and R.M Shortt, Algebraic ramifications of the common extension
problem for group-valued measures, Fund. Math. 146, (1994) pp. 1–20.
125. R. Göbel and R.M. Shortt, Some torsion-free groups arising in measure theory,
Contemp. Math. 171, (1994) pp. 147–157.
126. R. Göbel and W. May, The construction of mixed modules from torsion
modules, Arch. Math. 62, (1994) pp. 199–202.
127. R. Göbel, Radicals in abelian groups, Colloq. Math. Soc. János Bolyai 61,
(1993) pp. 77–107.
128. R. Göbel and B. Goldsmith, Cotorsion-free algebras as endomorphism alge-
bras in L - the discrete and topological cases, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin.
34, (1993) pp. 1–9.
129. M. Dugas and R. Göbel, On locally finite p-groups and a problem of Philip
Hall’s, J. Algebra 159, (1993) pp. 115–138.
130. M. Droste and R. Göbel, Universal domains and the amalgamation property,
Math. Structures Comput. Sci 3, (1993) pp. 137–159.
131. C. Böttinger and R. Göbel, Modules with two distinguished submodules, Lect.
Notes Pure Appl. Math. 146, (1993) pp. 97–104.
132. R. Göbel, Modules with distinguished submodules and their endomorphism
algebras, Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 146, (1993) pp. 55–64.
133. L. Fuchs and R. Göbel, Friedrich Wilhelm Levi, 1888–1966, Lect. Notes Pure
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Rüdiger Göbel—An Appreciation xxxi