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Textbook Inseparable The Original Siamese Twins and Their Rendezvous With American History Yunte Huang Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Inseparable The Original Siamese Twins and Their Rendezvous With American History Yunte Huang Ebook All Chapter PDF
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INSEPARABLE
Yunte Huang
Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
Prologue: A Game on the High Seas
The Asian twins, with whom Roye was now playing chess, were
likewise no strangers to racism. Like Roye, Chang and Eng Bunker
were also, against all odds, self-made men. Born on a riverboat in a
fishing village in Siam on May 11, 1811, Chang and Eng had from
birth been joined at the sternum by a piece of cartilage with a fused
liver. At age seventeen, they were taken by British businessman
Robert Hunter and American ship captain Abel Coffin to the West for
a touring exhibition as freaks of nature. Displaying entrepreneurial
talent, the twins later managed to free themselves from their owners
and operate the tour on their own. Within a decade, they had made
enough money to repair comfortably to rural North Carolina, where
they purchased land and bought black slaves. Even worse in the
eyes of republican patriarchs like Jefferson, they married two white
sisters and fathered twenty-one children, two of whom, James and
Albert, age twenty-one and thirteen, were now aboard the Palmyra.
If Liberia was a solution to white America’s fear of miscegenation,
the Siamese Twins and their boys were the living embodiment of
that racial nightmare.
In some ways, the leisurely chess game aboard the Palmyra—a
welcome interruption in a monotonous ocean voyage—was indeed
an intermission in a large historical drama unfolding in nineteenth-
century America. The chain of events, the twists and turns, the
jostles and lurches that had brought these three men together for a
relaxing game in a newfangled steamship saloon would take more
than a book’s worth of narration. The immediate event that had
placed the twins aboard at this moment was the recently concluded
Civil War—or, as the twins would prefer to call it, the War of
Northern Aggression. After the Southern Secession in 1861, the
twins had stood staunchly with the Confederacy and sent their two
adult sons, Christopher and Stephen, to the battlegrounds to fight
the Yankees. Both sons were wounded and captured by the Union
Army. Chang and Eng remembered those agonizing days and
months during the war. When the news of their sons’ capture came,
they sat up by spermaceti candles long into the night and pored over
those Prang maps of battlefields—almost as if, by tracing that
popular Boston lithographer’s prints, they could somehow track
down and recover their lost progeny.
When the war ground to a bitter halt, the twins were thrilled to
see their sons, though wounded, come home alive. Other
Southerners were not so lucky: The 260,000 Confederate war dead
would leave behind roughly 85,000 widows and 200,000 fatherless
children. Out of the 111,000 Tar Heelers who went to war, 40,275
(or more than one-third) had died. It was the greatest loss of lives
suffered by any Confederate state. Chang and Eng’s anguish came in
a different way—they were broke. The war had wiped out their
patriotic investment in Confederate bonds, rendered worthless by
the defeat of the South. It also decimated their major asset—thirty-
two slaves worth about $26,550, according to county tax records of
1864. Under the circumstance, the twins had no choice but to resort
to one asset they still possessed: their conjoined bodies.
And so they hit the road again as itinerant showmen. This time,
they took along some of their children, occasionally even their wives,
to show the world that however abnormal they might look, their
double union with two white women, considered freakish and even
bestial, was able to produce normal offspring.
Their journey had presently led them to this game of chess with
the black man who was a symbol of the Emancipation. As the chess
pieces moved across the board on the Palmyra, boatloads of freed
blacks were traveling in the opposite direction toward Liberia, a
presumed land of liber. In the ensuing months, the same American
newspapers that would follow the peregrinations of the Siamese
Twins and the Liberian president would also report on the continuing
black diaspora to West Africa. The New York Sun, for instance,
reported on November 14, 1870: “Two hundred colored men and
women from different places in North Carolina sailed on Wednesday
for Liberia, where they go to make their homes.”14 Between 1825
and 1893, out of the more than fourteen thousand black settlers
who went to Liberia, North Carolina would contribute 2,030, a
disproportionately high number,15 though we do not know whether
any of the freed slaves formerly owned by Chang and Eng were
among those from the Tar Heel State.
Nor do we know who won the chess game, or whether they even
finished the match, although the outcome of the bigger game, with
human bondage and black emancipation at stake, had already been
decided for them by the Civil War. The only thing we do know is that
at some point during the game, Roye, the former midwestern small-
town black barber-turned-president of a free nation, asked the
twins, somewhat offhandedly, a delicate question—and the game
ended right then. The twins started to rise. As Eng tried to stand up,
he was suddenly pulled down by the fleshy string that tied him to his
brother. Over the years, constant tugging had stretched the cord
from its original four inches in length to five and a half. Something
appeared terribly wrong with Chang; his face looked ashen, and he
couldn’t move the right side of his body, the side closer to Eng.
According to the New York Times, Chang “was stricken by a paralytic
shock.” The twins—both the immobile Chang and the healthy Eng—
had to be confined to their berth for the rest of the transatlantic
journey.16 The abrupt decline of Chang’s health brought an end to
the spectacular and unusual career of the twin brothers. They would
never go on the road again.
To fathom the depth and complexity of the story of Chang and
Eng, a life—to quote an awestruck and somewhat hyperbolic
nineteenth-century newspaper editor—“commencing in a Siamese
sampan, ending in the backwoods of North America—a life beginning
in the utter obscurity of a fisherman’s hut, passing out amid such
noise and notoriety as falls to the lot of only one mortal in ten
millions,”17 we need to go back to the very beginning, to that
humble houseboat, thatched with attap, afloat on the muddy
Meklong River. . . .
Part One
IN SIAM
(1811–1829)
A SIAMESE CANAL
1
Siam
A dream-like scene, peculiar to this Venice of the East.
—Anna Leonowens, The English Governess at the Siamese Court (1870)