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HEARTTHROBS
1
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 7/11/2016, SPi
3
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX DP,
United Kingdom
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and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
© Carol Dyhouse
The moral rights of the author have been asserted
First Edition published in
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a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the
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above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
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and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
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For Nick
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 7/11/2016, SPi
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgements xi
Epigraphs xv
Introduction
. Unbridled Passions
Notes
Select Bibliography and Sources
Picture Acknowledgements
Index
vii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ix
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
x
ACKN OWLEDGEMENTS
xi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
xii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
xiii
I need a hero
I’m holding out for a hero ‘til the morning light
He’s gotta be sure and it’s gotta be soon
And he’s gotta be larger than life
(Bonnie Tyler, Holding Out for a Hero, Dean
Pitchford/Jim Steinman, )
When I read for Entertainment, I had much rather view the Characters of Life as
I would wish they were than as they are: therefore I hate Novels and love
Romances.
(R.B. Sheridan, Letters, )
xv
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Figure . Peg’s Paper, cover image: Little servant girl, Nov. . There was a
rich vein of fantasy around the possibilities of cross-class relationships.
INTRODUCTION
Figure . Toffee tin, Keiller’s Kinema Krunchies. A girl dreams about the men she
would see on the cinema screen.
INTRODUCTION
in the late s, part and parcel of the teenage revolution. Singers
and pop stars such as Elvis Presley, Lonnie Donegan, Tommy Steele,
and Cliff Richard were heavily marketed through the pages of these
magazines, which offered souvenir photos of pop heroes, transfers
which could be ironed onto skirts and embroidered, and other ‘personal
keepsakes’. Teen magazines encouraged fan clubs and gossip. The
Sixties accentuated these trends. Young girls retired to their bedrooms
and swooned over Beatles recordings, played on treasured Dansette
record players.
While teenage girls swore undying allegiance to pop singers, their
mothers’ hearts might have stayed with performers with a more
mature style such as Mario Lanza, Frankie Vaughan, or Perry Como.
Or older women may have sighed—along with their daughters—over
one of the handsome doctors so popular with film and television
audiences in the s and s: Dirk Bogarde as Doctor in the House,
‘Bud’ Tingwell in Emergency Ward Ten, Bill Simpson as Dr Finlay, or
Richard Chamberlain as the handsome young intern, Dr Kildare.
Married women confined to domesticity often had a hard time of it
in the s: the decade of Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique,
housewives’ psychosis, and pill popping. The consumption of tran-
quillizing drugs such as valium (diazepam) rose.10 Medical romances
were popular in these years. Marrying a doctor—with prospects of a
steady income, and status in the community—could appear a safe bet
for a comfortable, middle-class lifestyle. And some women invested a
great deal of faith in family doctors, hoping for understanding of what
had begun to look like a rising tide of female desperation, trusting that
the medical profession would have some of the answers.11
For women’s liberationists of the s, on the other hand,
medics—however paternalistic or avuncular their bedside manner—
were too often identified with the social status quo. As representatives
of patriarchy, they were something of a lost hope. They certainly
couldn’t be relied upon to diagnose women’s social frustration and
predicaments.12 Indeed, as the feminist critique of patriarchy gathered
steam, some of the more radically inclined theorists suggested that
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1
HER HEART’S DESIRE: WHAT DID WOMEN WANT?
found herself brooding on the attributes of the young man and his
sexual appeal. What if she and the girl who had accompanied him
were to change places? Rosabel imagined herself rich, privileged,
loved, and desired. Conjuring up images of lush bouquets of roses,
gorgeous clothes, and rich food in candlelit settings, her thoughts
drifted into erotic reverie.
It is not just the man, Harry, who is at the heart of Rosabel’s desire
in this story. Rosabel dreams about and yearns for the voluptuousness
of physical comforts, wealth, and position. In her fantasy, Harry
provides a passport to a richer life, to a life of physical well-being
where, protected by marriage to a powerful man, she counts for
something in the eyes of others.
In the s, femininity spelled frustration. Women’s opportunities—
for education, for well-paid employment, for political participation,
for sexual expression—were limited. There was still a widespread
assumption that female duties meant servicing others, and that true
womanliness demanded purity and self-sacrifice.2 Victorian images of
‘the angel in the house’ continued to haunt the imagination of young
girls brought up on books stuffed with illustrations of maidens in
white muslin, and garlanded with rosebuds. The writings of Ruskin
and Coventry Patmore, pontificating about femininity, circulated
widely as Sunday School prizes and featured routinely in the kind of
‘improving literature’ distributed by the Girls’ Friendly Society.3
Needy, desiring, or ambitious girls were frowned upon, especially if
they set their sights on personal achievement at the expense of family
and domestic obligations.4
It was easier to conform to social expectations about dutiful daugh-
terliness, wifely submission, and motherly self-sacrifice if a woman
had the protection of rich, liberal-minded males and wasn’t too much
plagued by her own ambitions and need for autonomy. In a society
where women’s crowning achievement was so regularly defined in
terms of motherhood and domestic harmony, it is scarcely surprising
that many women wanted to marry and raise children, hoping to find
genuine and lasting happiness in family life.5 But not everyone wanted
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nog veel meer geldigheid dan heden ten dage. Toen gebeurde het
wel dat de eene of andere A a y e , grootmoeder geworden, haren
naam in dezen vleivorm (en niet in zijne oorspronkelijke gedaante,
als A a l t j e —voluit, van ouds, A d e l a ) aan haar kleindochterke
overerfde, dat de ouders van dat kleinkind werkelijk de jonggeborene
als A a y e , en niet als A a l t j e , lieten doopen, en in het doopboek
(in lateren tijd ook in de registers van den burgerlijken stand) lieten
inschrijven. Zoo is het gekomen dat heden ten dage de eene A a y e
als A a l t j e te boek staat (dit is de regel), en dat de andere A a y e
werkelijk onder dezen naamsvorm in het doopboek der Kerk, in de
registers van den burgerlijken stand ten gemeentehuize van hare
geboorteplaats, staat ingeschreven.
Mansnamen.
G e r r i t (G e r h a r d ), in vleivorm K e i .
D i r k , D u r k (D i e d e r i k , T h i a d r i k ), in vleivorm D u y e ,
Dye, Dukke.
J e l l e , in vleivorm J e y e .
R e i t s e , in vleivorm R e y e .
S i b r e n , in vleivorm P i b e .
F o l k e r t , in vleivorm To l l e .
W i l l e m , in vleivorm W i m of P i m .
Dit zijn alle acht bijzonder Friesche, maar in hunnen oorsprong goed
algemeen Germaansche namen. Onder de mansnamen van
vreemden oorsprong, maar die onder de Friezen burgerrecht
verkregen hebben, zijn er ook enkelen met vleivormen. Te weten:
J o h a n n e s , in vleivorm J a n , H a n n e en K a n n e , weer
verkleind tot J a n c k o (verouderd) en H a n k e .
F r a n s , in vleivorm P a n n e .
C o r n e l i s , in vleivorm K e e s .
J u r j e n (oorspronkelijk G e o r g i u s ), in vleivorm J u i .
Vrouwennamen.
A e l t s j e (A a l t j e ), A d e l a , in A e y e (A a y e ).
vleivorm
Aukje, Akke.
,,
,,
B a r t e l t s j e (B a r t e l t j e ), Bakke
,,
,,
Baukje, B a e y e , (B a a y e ).
,,
,,
Dirkje, Durkje, Dukke, Duye, Dye,
,, Didde, Dirre.
,,
Eelkje, Eke, Eekje.
,,
,,
F o k e l t s j e (F o k e l t j e ), Po.
,,
,,
Froukje, Poai, Poi.
,,
,,
Hylkje, Hike.
,,
,,
H i l t s j e (H i l t j e ), Hikke.
,,
,,
J e l t s j e (J e l t j e ), J e i , J e y e ; weer verkleind
,, tot J e i k e .
,,
Rinske, Kinge.
,,
,,
Romkje, Pomme.
,,
,,
S i b b e l t s j e (S i b b e l t j e ), Pibbe.
,,
,,
S i b r e c h t j e of S i b r i c h j e , Pibe.
,,
,,
Sjoukje, Koai, Koi.
,,
,,
Ts j e a r d t s j e (T j e e r d j e ) en Kekke.
G e a r t s j e (G e e r t j e ), ,,
,,
Tjetske, Jekke.
,,
,,
Tjitske, Jikke.
,,
,,
Uulkje, U k e en O e k e .
,,
,,
Wytske, Wike.
,,
,,
Willemke, Wim, Wimke, Pimke.
,,
,,
Vrouwennamen
met vleivormen, van vreemden oorsprong, zijn:
E l i s a b e t h , in Lyske, Like,
vleivorm L i t e .
G r y t s j e (G r i e t j e ), M a r g a r e t h a , Kike.
,,
,,
J u r j e n t s j e (van J u r j e n = G e o r g i u s J u i of J u i k e .
afgeleid), ,,
,,
Maria, Maryke, Maeike
,, (M a a i k e ).
,,
P y t s j e (P i e t j e ) (van P i e t e r = P e t r u s ), Pike.
,,
,,
[251]
T r y n t s j e (T r ij n t j e ), C a t h a r i n a , in vleivorm N y n k e en
N i n e . In de steden ook T i n e en T y n k e .
J o h a n n a , in vleivorm H a n n e , K a n n e en K a n k e .
Slechts zeer kortelijk en zeer oppervlakkig, slechts als ter loops heb
ik de zaak der Friesche vleinamen hier te berde gebracht, ofschoon
er juist van dit onderwerp zoo oneindig veel ter verklaring van de
eigenheden en bijzonderheden der Friesche namen in het
algemeen, te zeggen valt. Ik heb slechts voorloopig willen
aanduiden, dat vele Friesche mans- en vrouwenvóórnamen anders
niet zijn dan zulke vleivormen, afgeleid of verbasterd van volledige,
oorspronkelijke namen, die de Friezen met andere Germaansche
volken gemeen hebben of hadden. (Zie ook bl. 205). P i b e bij
voorbeeld is reeds sedert vele eeuwen onder de [252]Friezen in
gebruik in geijkten zin, dus schijnbaar als een echte, een volslagene
mansvóórnaam; en toch is deze naam ontwijfelbaar een vleivorm
van S y b r e n (S i g b e r n ), en anders niet; evenals J e y e en
R e y e slechts vleivormen zijn van J e l l e en R e i t s e , P i m en
K e i van W i l l e m en G e r r i t , enz. Die dit niet weet, moet P i b e
wel houden voor eenen onverklaarbaren, geheel bijzonder Frieschen
naam, die zijn weêrga bij andere Germaansche volken niet heeft. En
zoo moet hij ook denken over dat zeer groote aantal Friesche
namen, die reeds sedert eeuwen en eeuwen, en nog heden ten
dage, onder ons in zwang zijn, en die, evenals P i b e , onder de
Germaansche namen geheel op zich zelven schijnen te staan,
geheel bijzonder Friesch schijnen te wezen. Toch is niets minder
waar, dan dit. Honderden Friesche namen zijn eigenlijk slechts zulke
vleivormen van volledige, algemeen Germaansche namen. (Zie
bladzijde 211). Maar dit kan niet altijd en in alle gevallen met
zekerheid worden aangetoond. Integendeel, het is veelal hoogst
moeilijk om het bewijs daarvan te leveren, ja ondoenlijk, uit gebrek
aan oude oorkonden en bescheiden, waar dit uit zoude kunnen
blijken. Immers die vleivormen zijn reeds sedert eeuwen, velen
reeds sedert 1000 jaren, in volle, geijkte gebruik; zij werden reeds in
de vroege middeleeuwen, veelvuldig als zoodanig, en niet in hunne
oorspronkelijke, volledige, onverbasterde vormen geschreven. Bij de
Friezen kwam dit zeer menigvuldig voor, terwijl Sassen en Franken
en andere den Friezen naverwante volken, in geschrifte, in den regel
de volledige, onverbasterde namen hun recht gaven, ook al hadden
ze, even als de Friezen, in het dagelijksche leven vleivormen van die
volle namen in gebruik.