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Textbook Iodine Made Simple 1St Edition Tatsuo Kaiho Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Iodine Made Simple 1St Edition Tatsuo Kaiho Ebook All Chapter PDF
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Iodine Made Simple
Iodine Made Simple
Tatsuo Kaiho
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
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vii
Preface
For better or worse, iodine became the focus of people’s attention in
the year 2011. On March 11, the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred
and the subsequent accident at Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant
instantly made iodine the subject of media attention. However, it was not
until sometime later that a distinction was made between stable iodine
and radioactive iodine. The atomic weight of radioactive iodine is 131,
whereas the atomic weight of stable iodine is 127. Incidentally, Japan is
the world’s second largest producer of iodine (stable iodine), producing
approximately 30% of the world’s supply. However, at the time this aspect
did not attract people’s attention.
Iodine was discovered from seaweed by Bernard Courtois in France
in 1811. Exactly 200 years later, in the pivotal year of 2011, a symposium
and seminar was held in iodine-producing Chiba under the sponsorship
of the Iodine Industry Association and the Society of Iodine Science.
Furthermore, a summary on iodine was published in chemical journals,
and technical books were also published on iodine. However, these were
too technical and difficult to understand by the general public.
With such a background, this book intends to explain the basic
properties of iodine as well as various products and technology that
use iodine, and was written in cooperation with iodine manufacturing
technicians and university researchers. ix
When you hear the word “iodine” what do you imagine? Is it mouthwash
or a disinfectant? If you are a science lover, maybe it is the iodine–starch
reaction. In reality, iodine is widely seen in our daily life. In Chapter 1,
we start by answering the question, “What is iodine?” In Chapter 2, we
discuss “Iodine that exists around us,” from commonly used mouthwash
to other things that surprisingly contain iodine. Chapter 3 is a summary
of “Iodine that sustains electronic and information materials.” Then, in
Chapter 4 under “Analysis using iodine,” we list various analysis techniques
implemented by university laboratories and corporate research institutions
and factories that use iodine on a wide scale. Furthermore, in Chapter
5 titled “Innovative industrial technology starts with iodine,” products
and techniques applied in the industrial sector that take advantage of
the properties unique to iodine are highlighted. In Chapter 6, “Iodine
is a prerequisite in maintaining health,” an explanation of iodine used in
the medical sector, particularly in hospitals, is given. In Chapter 7, iodine
and its relationship with vegetables and dairy products that fill our daily
meals is discussed under “Iodine for vegetable production and livestock
breeding.” And finally, in Chapter 8, the future prospects that will be
created by iodine are introduced.
I hope you, the reader, can deepen your understanding of iodine,
which is a precious resource. In particular, I strongly encourage the
Preface
May 2017
Tatsuo Kaiho, Technical Advisor, PhD
Godo Shigen Co., Ltd.
x
Author
Tatsuo Kaiho is the technical advisor of Godo Shigen Co., Ltd., Chiba,
Japan, one of the most well-known iodine manufacturing companies in
the world. He is a former director of Nihon Tennen Gas Co., Ltd., Chiba,
Japan, and a former director of Kanto Natural Gas Development Co., Ltd.
The Vice Chairman of the Society of Iodine Science, Dr. Kaiho developed
novel iodine-containing materials and processes and presented
independent research at many conferences, including the International
Conference of Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry (2010) and the Symposium
of Iodine Science (2011). Dr. Kaiho has received several awards, such as
the Distinguished Chemist Award from Chiba Prefectural Government
(2001), the Organic Synthesis Award from Society of Synthetic Organic
Chemistry Japan (2002), and the Society of Iodine Science Award (2012).
He organized the 4th International Conference of Hypervalent Iodine
Chemistry (2014) in Narita, Japan. Dr. Tatsuo Kaiho (born 1952) earned
his MSc (1976) from Osaka University. He joined Mitsui Chemicals Co.,
Ltd. in 1976. On leave from Mitsui, he worked as a visiting scientist at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1979–1982) and earned a PhD
(1983) at Osaka University. From 2001 to 2003 he worked as a visiting
professor at the Department of Engineering of Chiba University.
xi
1
What is iodine?
53
I
126.9
1 • What is iodine?
Summary Box
Applicaons of Iodine
IODIZED
SALT
3
Others
Herbicides
8% X-ray Contrast
3%
Salt Addives Agents
4% 22%
Stabliser
6%
Feed Addives
8% Mouth
Wash
Anmicobial
Industrial Agent
Catalysts 14%
11% Pharmaceucals
LCD Polarlizer 12%
12%
Summary Box
largest of all stable
halogen elements
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Rm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Solubility of Iodine
Temp. H 2O
Glossary
Clarke Numbers : Numbers expressing the average content of the
chemical elements in the earth's crust.
1 • What is iodine?
Summary Box
iodine.
Birthplace of Iodine : France
Briany & Normandy
Paris
Glossary
Kelp ash :The ash obtained by burning various brown seaweeds
such as Laminaria, Ecklonia, and Sargassum.
1 • What is iodine?
Summary Box
2NaI+3H2SO4+MnO2 → I2+2NaHSO4+MnSO4+2H2O
Calcination Method 9
2NaI+Cl2 → 2NaCl+I2
2NaI+2CuSO4+2FeSO4 → 2CuI+Na2SO4+Fe2(SO4)3
Copper Method
2CuI+O2 → 2CuO+I2
Summary Box
USA
5%
20,000
Chile became No1.
15,000
Subsidence prevenon agreements in Japan
10,000
5000
USA started Producon
0
(Year)
1 • What is iodine?
Summary Box
Chiba
Choshi Casing Pipe
Tokyo-Bay Kujukuri
Mobara
Ichinomiya
Ootaki
Sand Rock
Strata
Strainer
13
Composion of Brine & Seawater
“Iodine concentraons in brine is 2,000
mes higher than that in natural seawater.”
Chiba Brine
Chemical Ion Sea water (mg/L)
(mg/L)
I- iodide 100 0.05
Cl- Chloride 19,000 18,230
Br- Bromide 130 56
Na+ Sodium 10,000 9,350
K+ Potassium 300 356
Ca2+ Calcium 190 290
Mg2+ Magnesium 500 1,160
SO4 2+
Sulfate 1䌾5 2,500
HCO3- Carbonate 1,000 105
NH4+ Ammonium 200 1.5
pH 7.8 8.2
1 • What is iodine?
After natural gas is separated from brine which was drawn up from
7 the ground 500–2,000 m beneath the surface, the brine is sent to
the iodine production process. To extract iodine from brine, two
methods are currently used, the blow-out method (upper diagram)
and the ion-exchange resin method (middle diagram).
Summary Box
Oxidizing
Agent
I-
I- Refining
Blower Process
Brine Blowing
out Tower Absorbing
Waste Brine Agent Tank
Pump
Refining Process
Oxidizing Agent
Melter
Flaked Iodine
Flaker
I2
Prilled Iodine
Slurry Tank Product
By Courtesy of Nihon Tennen Gas Co. Ltd.
Glossary
Ion Exchange Resin: Synthec polymers containing posively or negavely charged
sites that can aract an ion of opposite charge from a surrounding soluon.
1 • What is iodine?
There are many saltpeter deposits within the 700 km long, 15–80 km
8 wide region of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. This crude ore
caliche contains nitrate at a 3%–12% concentration and iodate at a
0.04% concentration.
The production process of iodine is as follows: The crude ore
is finely ground and nitrates and iodates are extracted with warm
water, and then cooled so that sodium nitrate can be precipitated
Iodine can be harvested from saltpeter in Chile
Summary Box
Crude ore caliche