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Complet
Complet
≫
z
M x y z
−−→
OM = x− →
ex + y →
−
ey + z −
→ez
→
−v (M )R = ẋ−
→
ex + ẏ −
→
ey + ż →
−
ez
O
y →
−a (M )R = ẍex + ÿ ey + z̈ −
−
→ −
→ →
ez
x
z ⃗ez
M
⃗eθ
⃗er
r Oz
y
O
−−→
x OM = r− →
er + z −
→ez
→
−v (M )R = ṙ er + rθ̇−
−
→ →
eθ + ż →
−
ez
→
−a (M )R = (r̈ − rθ̇ ) er + (rθ̈ − 2rṙθ̇)→
2 −
→ −
eθ + z̈ −
→
ez
z
⃗er
M
⃗eϕ
θ
⃗eθ
−−→
O
y r = ||OM ||
x
−−→
ϕ
OM = r− →
er
→
−v (M )R = ṙ−
→
er + rθ̇−
→
eθ + r sin θϕ̇−
→
eφ
!
y(x) = R 1 − x2
α tan α
∆=0
∆=0
Zone interdite
∆<0
∆>0
x(t) = R cos ωt
y(t) = R sin ωt
z(t) = a × t
a z
−
→
p R (M ) = m−
→
v R (M )
"−
→ d−
→p
F = (M )
dt
"−
→
⇔ F =m→ −a (M )
−
→ −
→
F 1→2 = − F 2→1
−
→
P =m−
→
g
l0 −
→
leq T = −k(l − leq )−
→
uz
T⃗ l = leq + z
⃗ux −
→
T = −kz −
→
uz
P⃗ z
⃗uz
−
→
π = ρV →
−
g
⃗
R
⃗N
R V ρ
⃗T
R
−
→ − → −
→
R = RT + RN
−
→
F = −h−
→
v
⃗uθ
⃗ur
−
→ − Gma mb −
→
F A→B = u A→B
B (mB)
AB 2
A (mA) F⃗
−
→ 1 qA qB −→
Fe = u A→B
4πϵ0 AB 2
−
→ −
→
vg=−
→
v I∈objet + −
→
v I∈sol = 0
−
→ →
−
|| T || = f || N ||
−
→ →
− −
PR ( F ) = F · →
v (M )
−
→ →
−
δW ( F ) = PR ( F ).dt
−
→ −−→
= F · dOM
1
Ec (M ) = mv 2 (M )
2
dEc " −→
(M ) = P( F )
dt
" −
→
∆Ec = W(F )
−
→
dEp = −δW ( F C )
−
→ −−→
= − F C · dOM
−→
∆Ep = WA→B (FC )
Em = Ec (M ) + Ep (M )
−
→
∆Em = W ( F N C )
Ep (x) ≤ Em = cte Ec ≥ 0
x
x ∞
dEp
=0
dt
−
→ −−→ →
L 0 (M ) = mOM ∧ − v (M )
→
−
L∆ (M ) = L 0 (M ).→
−
e∆
F⃗ θ
M
d
sin θ = −−→
θ ||OM ||
−
→ − → −
→
M0 ( F ) = d × || F || × ⃗u
H
O d
−
→ − → −−→ −→
M0 ( F ) = OM ∧ F (M )
→
− −
→ − → →
M∆ ( F ) = M0 ( F ).−
e∆
−
→
dL0 " −
→ − →
= M0 ( F )
dt
T⃗ F⃗1
P⃗ F⃗ F⃗2
P⃗
⃗
F⃗ = P⃗ F⃗2 = P
2
−
→
F
−
→ − →
y L0 = cte
vdt
dA M
r2 θ̇ = C
r
θ
O dt
1 1
x dA = OM × vdt = r × rθ̇dt
2 2
du
vr = −C vθ = Cu
dθ
T⃗
⃗
N
R
×
S
−
→ → v2 −
dv − →
a = T + N
dt R
r
11km.s−1
M
r
θ
A × P 2b
ra O rp
2a
p
r=
1 + e cos θ
p
rp =
1+e
p
rp =
1−e
−−→
SM ∆t ∆t
T2 4π 2
=
a3 GM
−
→ mM → −
→ q1 q2 −
F = −G 2 −ur F = →
ur
r 4πϵ0 r2
−
→ −
→
G E
→
−
G = −4πGρ
→−
− →
‹
G dS = −4πGMint
# −−→
−−→ i mi OAi
OG = #
i mi
L∆ (M ) = J∆ ω
J∆ ∆
−−→
˚ ˚
J∆ = u ∧ OM )2 dm =
(→
− HM 2 dm
dω " −
→
J∆ = M∆ ( F ext )
dt
1
Ec (S) = J∆ ω 2
2
1 1 1
= +
µ m1 m2
m1 −
→
v 1 + m2 −
→
v 2 = m1 −
→
v ′1 + m2 →
−
v ′2
$ −
→%
dA −−−−→ − →
= ΩR′ /R ∧ A
dt R′
R′ R
−−−−→ − →
ΩR′ /R = 0
−
→ −−−−→ −−−→
v R (M ) = −
→
v R′ (M ) + −
→
v R (O′ ) + ΩR′ /R ∧ O′ M
& '( )
→
−
→
− d Ω −−′−→ −−−−→ −−−−→ −−′−→
ae =−
→
a R (O′ ) + ∧ O M + ΩR′ /R ∧ (ΩR′ /R ∧ O M )
dt
→
− −−−−→ →
a c = 2ΩR′ /R ∧ −
v R′ (M )
−
→
a R (M ) = −
→
a R′ (M ) + −
→
ae+−
→
ac
−
→
ac =0
−
→ −−−−→ −−→ →
− −−→
v e = ΩR′ /R ∧ HM a e = −ω 2 HM
"−
→
m−
→
a R′ (M ) = F −m−
→
a e −m−
→
ac
& '( ) & '( )
−
→ −
→
f ie f ie
X(t) = Xm cos(ωt + Φ)
Xm
T s
2π
T =
ω
ω rad.s−1
ωt + Φ rad
Φ rad
ν s−1
1 ω
ν= =
T 2π
y −
→
ux
⃗
R →
− −→ −
→
m−
→
a =P +R+T
T⃗
⇔ mẍ = 0 + 0 − kx
k
⇔ ẍ + x = 0
m
P⃗
x
⎛, ⎞
k
x(t) = A cos ⎝ t + Φ⎠
m
k
ω02 =
m
1 1
Ec = mv 2 ; Ep = kx2
2 2
Em Em
Ep Ec
Ec
Ep
Ep
− xM 0 xM
f = η ẋ
ω0
ẍ + ẋ + ω02 x = 0
Q
/
ω0 = k
m Q= ω0 m
η
ω0
X2 + X + ω02 = 0
Q
0 1
2 1
∆= ωO −4
Q2
x x x
Enveloppe
t t
θ
T⃗
cos θ ≃ 1
g
sin θ ≃ θ → θ̈ + θ=0
l
P⃗ tan θ ≃ θ
y
⃗
R
Excitateur
T⃗ F⃗
x
P⃗
f0
k1 k2 k1
m1 m2
ω1 ω2
∂2f 1 ∂2f
− =0
∂x2 c2 ∂t2
T⃗ (x + dx)
α(x + dx)
y(x+dx)
α ( x)
y(x)
T⃗ (x)
x x+dx
∂2y 1 ∂2y
− =0
∂x2 c2 ∂t2
/
c= T0
µ T0 µ
n-1 n n+1
ξ n− 1 ξn ξn+1
∂2ξ 1 ∂2ξ
− =0
∂x2 c2 ∂t2
/
c=d K
m d K m
0 1
1 ∂µ
χS =
µ ∂P S
∂−
→
v1 −−→
µ0 =− P1
∂t
d−
→ −−→ → ∂−
→
u
dt = (−
→
u · )−
u + u
∂t
∂t +
∂µ
µ−
→
v =0
−
→
∂t +
χS ∂P v =0
1
⇔ 1
ξ (x, t) ξ (x + dx, t)
x x+dx
∂2p 1 ∂2p
− =0
∂x2 c2 ∂t2
/
1
c= µ0 χS µ0 χS
−
→
µ0 jω →
−
v 1 = j k p1
⇔ µ0 ωv1 = ±kp1
⇔ p1 = ±µ0 cv1
Z = µ0 c
f0
fn = nf0
20 Hz20 kHz
I
L = IdB = 10 log
I0
L dB I W.m−2 I0 = 10−12 W.m−2
s(x, t) = f1 (x − ct) + f2 (x + ct)
& '( ) & '( )
w
vφ =
k
dw
vg =
dk
OPPi
x
Pour x = 0 fixé
0
OPPr
OPPi OPPr
x
Pour x = 0 libre
0
2 3
yi (0, t) + yr (0, t) = 0
∂y
∂x (0, t) = 0
yr yt
r= t=
yi yi
ω
k=
c
2π
λ=
k
2π
T =
ω
s(x, t) = f (x)g(t)
λ
2
λ
4
λ
L= 2
3λ
L= 4
nλ nv
L= fn =
2 2L
nλ (2n + 1)v
L= fn =
4 4L
c ≃ 3 × 108 m.s−1
λ << L
c
n=
v
n≃1
n ≃ 1.33
n ≃ 1.5
B
n(λ) = A +
λ2
nR < nB
i r
i = −r
n1
n1 sin(i) = n2 sin(t) n2
0 1
n2
i1,lim = arcsin
n1
0 1
n1
i2,max = arcsin
n2
⊥∆ ⊥∆
Système en transmission :
∆
∆
O F’ A’
∆
A F
B’
1 1 1
′
− = ′
OA OA f
′
AB ′ OA ′
= =γ
AB OA
1
V =
f′
n2 − n1
V =
R
n1 < n 2
n2 < n 1
F
F
F F’
F’
dm ≃ 25 cm
θ′
G=
θ
α
p=
AB
B
F1′ A 1 = F2 F2′
A F1
B
F1′
A = F1
Goutte
C ∆
α ≃ 40o
A
B
C
D
h = AB + BC + CD
n1
ilim
θ n2
n1
≡ φ(M ) = cte
c dl
=
n dt
ndl
⇔ dt =
c
ˆ M2
ndl
⇔ ∆tM1 →M2 =
M1 c
2π
∆ϕM1 →M2 = (M1 M2 )
λ0
M1 M2
(M1 M3 ) = (M1 M2 ) + (M2 M3 )
+ λ20
I(M ) ∝ s(M ) × s∗ (M )
−
→
E I ∝< E 2 >
λ
θ=
a
M
I(M ) = Ks201 < cos2 φ1 (M ) > +Ks202 < cos2 φ2 (M ) > +2Ks01 s02 < cos(ωt − ϕ1 (M )) cos(ωt − ϕ2 (M )) >
!
⇔ I(M ) = I1 + I2 + 2 I1 I2 cos ∆ϕM1 →M2
= ω 2 ⇒ I = I1 + I2
ω1 ̸
< cos ∆ϕM1 →M2 >= 0
Champ d’interférences
S’
S1
S
×
S2
e
Imax − Imin
C=
Imax + Imin
!
Imax = I1 + I2 + 2 I1 I2
!
Imin = I1 + I2 − 2 I1 I2
√
2 I1 I2
C=
I1 + I2
x
S1 1
S
O’
a 2 O
S2 y
,0 12
a
S2 M = x+ + y2 + D2
2
,
0 1 0 1
x + a2 2 y 2
= D 1+ +
D D
$ 0 0 1 %
a 12
1 x+ 2 1 y 2
= D 1+ + D >> x, y, a
2 D 2 D
na
δ(M ) = x
D
δ
∆ϕ = ±2π
λ0
kx ω∆t = kx1 − kx2 = ...
δ
p=
λ0
p = m + 12 , ∀m ∈ R
p = m, ∀m ∈ R
λ0 D
i=
na
n
(SM2 ) (n′ − n)e
n’
na
δ ′ (M ) = x + (n′ − n)e
S D
nax naxS
δ(M ) = +
f′ f0′
x x’
S1
S(x)
M(x’)
H K
S2
M2
d M1′
Miroir M1
Lame séparatrice
i
δ = 2d cos i
dq
i=
dt
UAB = VA − VB
L 1
≪ ⇔L≪λ
c f
A B A B
Dipôle Dipôle
I I
UAB UAB
VA > V B
P = u(t).i(t)
Noeud
i1 = i2 + i3
U = U1 + U2 + U3
U (t) = R.i(t)
duC
i(t) = C (t)
dt
uc = cte
1
EC = Cu2
2
di
uL (t) = L (t)
dt
i
1
EL = Li2
2
i
R0
U η R0 U
di R E
+ i=
dt L L
+ L UL t = 0s
R E2 3 L
i(t) = 1 − e− τ avec : τ =
t
R R
UR
i(t)
E
R
τ t
di 1
+ i=0
dt RC
+ C duc 1 E
UC
+ uc =
dt RC RC
R
t = 0s
UR
E −t 2 3
i(t) = ; uc (t) = E 1 − e− τ
t
e τ
R
U C ( t) Charge du condensateur i(t)
E
E R
Décharge du
condensateur
τ = RC t τ t
d2 uc R duc 1 E
2
+ + =
dt L dt LC LC
C + L
UC UL
1 Lω0 1
ω0 = √ ; Q= =
R LC R RCω0
UR
1
Régime critique Q= 2 et ∆ = 0
1
Régime apériodique Q < 2 et ∆ > 0
t
0 1
U (t) π
δ = ln =
U (t + T ) Q
Z = a + jb
!
Im |Z| = a2 + b2
b
tan ϕ =
Xm a 0 1
b
b ⇒ ϕ = arctan
ϕ a
Re
a
π
±
2
dX
(t) → jωX(t)
dt
d2 X
(t) → −ω 2 X(t)
dt2
u
Z=
i
1
ZC = Z L = jLω ZR = R
jCω
"
Zeq = Zi
i
1 " 1
Y = =
Zeq i
Zi
us
H=
ue
C
R
C UC R UR
Passe-bas Passe-haut
0 1
1 e
R+ i=e⇒i= 2 3
1
jCω R + jCω
1 e
uc = i=
jCω 1 + jRCω
Em
Uc,m =
1 + jRCω
Em
Uc,m (ω) = !
1 + (RCω)2
ϕ(ω) = − arctan(RCω)
Us 1 1
H(jω) = = =
Ue 1 + jRCω 1 + j ωω0
ω << ω0 ⇒ GdB ≃ 0
ω
ω >> ω0 ⇒ GdB ≃ −20 log
ω0
ω=
ω0 GdB
ω
log
1 ω0
|H(jω)| = √ ⇒ GdB ≃ −3 dB 0 1
2
−3 dB -20
GdB (ωc ) = −3 dB
ω << ω0 ϕ≃0 − π4
ω >> ω0 ϕ ≃ − π2
ω = ω0 ϕ = − π4 − π2
R C C
C UC R UR L UL
L L R
1
H(jω) =
jCω
1
R + jLω + jCω
,
1 1 1 L
⇔ H(jω) = ω2
ω0 = √ Q=
1+ jω
Qω0 − ω02
LC R C
GdB
Q = 10 log ω
0 1 ω0
Q=1
Q = 0.1
ω
0 1 log ω0
− π4
− π2
E
0K
P - + N
+ -
- - + +
Eint
- +
−
→
E int
−
→ →
− −
→
E ext E int E int
−
→ →
−
| E ext | > | E int |
Vs
Vsat
-
ϵ ϵ
+
V- Vs
V+
- Vsat
i− = i+
ϵ=0
U(t) Ui
U1
U0
t U2 ω
T0
δ
∆ ∅
U, H, S W, Q, Sc , Se
Q<0
Q>0
f (P, V, T ) = 0
0 1 0 1
∂P ∂P
dP = dV + dT
∂V T ∂T V
0 1 0 1
∂V ∂V
dV = dP + dT
∂P T ∂T P
Liquide
Va
p
n
ori
Liq
on
sio
sat
i
cat
uéf
Fu
i
on
difi
act
ion
li
So
Sublimation
Solide Gaz
Condensation
Augmentation de l’entropie
P C
Liquide
Solide
Psat
T
Gaz
Liquide
M
V
Gaz
L
Liquide
+
Gaz
v
1
P V = nRT = cte ⇒ P ∼
V
1
P V γ = cte ⇒ P ∼ γ>1
Vγ
vM − vV MV
wL = =
vL − vV LV
P = Pext T = Text
Text = cte
Pext = cte
V = cte
P V = nRT
0 1
a
P + 2 (Vm + b) = RT
Vm
Vm Vm = V
n
a
Vm2
0 1
1 ∂V
α= K −1
V ∂T P
0 1
1 ∂V
χT = − P a−1
V ∂P T
1 1
α= χT =
T P
u m
n∗
1
P = n∗ mu2
3
P V = N kB T
nNA kB = nR
1 3 3
U = N mu2 = N kB T = nRT
2 2 2
5
U = nRT
2
∆U + ∆Em = W + Q
Em
δQv = mcv dT
δQp = mcp dT
δW = −Pext dV
∆U = 0 Uf = Ui
∆U = 0 W =0 Q=0
∆U = W
0 1 0 1
∂U ∂U
dU = dT + dV
∂T V ∂V T
& '( )
Cv
∆U = Cv ∆T
Cv J.K −1
0 1
∂U
Cv =
∂T V
H = U + PV
∆H = CP ∆T
Cp J.K −1
0 1
∂H
Cp =
∂T P
∆H1→2 = ml1→2 (T ) ←
P V = nRT
P Pa V m3 n mol R
T K
Cp − Cv = nR
Cp
γ=
Cv
nR
Cv =
γ−1
nRγ
Cp =
γ−1
P V γ = cte
T V γ−1 = cte
T P 1−γ = cte
dS = 0
∆S = Se − Sc ≥ 0
#
i Qi
Se =
Ti
S
Sc = 0
∆S = 0
l1→2
∆s1→2 =
T
dU = T dS − P dV
dH = T dS − V dP
Wcycle ≥ 0
∆Ucycle = 0 = (W + Q)cycle
Qcycle ≤ 0
W + Q1 + Q2 = 0
Machine
Q1 thermique Q2
W
η=−
Q1
Q2
e=
W
P
3
Isotherme T2
4
Adiabatique
Adiabatique
réversible
réversible
2
1
Isotherme T1 V
W <0
Q1 T1
=−
Q2 T2
TF
η <1−
TC
& '( )
ηmax
→
− −
→
dΦ = j Q (M, t)dS
→
− ∂T
div j Q + µcV (x, t) = PV
∂t
→
− −−→
j Q (M, t) = −λ T
∂T λ Pv
= ∆T +
∂t µcv µcv
T1 − T2 = Rth × Φ1→2
T1 T2 U =R×I
−
→
j (M, t)
−
→ −
→
δN = j n (M, t)dSdt
dN → −
− →
dΦ = = j n .dS
dt
d2 N = δN (t + dt) − δN (t)
x x+dx ∂n
= (x, t)dtdτ
∂t
•
→
−
δN = j n (x, t)(+dS −
→)dt
u x
−
→
δN = j n (x + dx, t)(−dS −
→)dt
u x
∂jn
⇔ δN =− dxdSdt
∂x
•
δN = σC dτ dt
∂n ∂jn
+ = σC
∂t ∂x
∂n −
→
+ div j n = σC
∂t
−
→ −−→
j n (M, t) = −D n(M, t)
∂n
= D∆n + σC
∂t
2hc2 1
Lλ = 5
λ exp λk T − 1
hc
B
λm
λm × T ≃ 2900 µm.K
PS = σ × T 4
−−→ "−
→
P = F v,i
i
z+dz
dF⃗z+dz
dF⃗z
z
dP⃗
−
→ −
→ −
→ − →
d F z + d F z+dz + d P = 0
−→ −→ −
→
⇔ p(z)(+dS) + p(z + dz)(−dS) − dm−
→
g = 0
∂P −
→ −
→
⇔ + (z)dz dS − ρdV −→
g = 0
∂z
dP = −ρgdz
v2 p
+ + gz =
2 ρ
v2
2
ρz
p
ρ
$ % $ %
D−
→
v ∂v −−→ v 2 2−→−
→
3 −−→ −
→
µ =µ + + v ∧−→
v =− p+ f v
Dt ∂t 2
DG ∂G −−→
= + (−
→
v. )G
Dt ∂t
dG dt
−
→
f v = η∆−
→
v
$ %
∂v −−→ v 2 2−→−
→
3 −−→ →
−
µ + + v ∧−→
v =− p + η∆−
→
v + fv
∂t 2
∂−
→v η
= ν∆→
−
v ν=
∂t ρ
η∆−
→
v
−−→
||µ(−→
v. v)||
Re = −
→
||η∆ v ||
Re << 1
Re >> 1
ρV L
Re = =
η
L v ρ
η
Re << 1
−−→ −
→
p = η∆−
→
v + fv
→ "
−
⃗v j = ni qi −
→
vi
−→ i
dS
dQ
dI =
dt
−
→ −
dQ = n × q ×dV = n × q × dS · →
v dt
||⃗v ||dt & '( )
ρ
−
→ →
dQ nq dS · −
v dt −
→ → − − →
= = nq →
−
v · dS = j · dS
dt dt
− −
→ →
ˆ
I= j .dS
→ ∂ρ
−
j + =0
∂t
∂ρ
d2 Q =
x x+dx
dxdt
∂t
→
−
δQ = dIx dt = j (x, t)(+dS −
→
u x )dt
−
→ −
→
δQ = j (x + dx, t)(−dS u x )dt
−
→
2 ∂j −
→
d Q=− dxdSdt
∂x
∂j ∂ρ
+ =0
∂x ∂t
−
→ ρ
E =
ϵ0
→
−
−→− → ∂B
E =−
∂t
→
−
B =0
→
−
−→−
→ −
→ ∂E
B = µ0 j + µ0 ϵ0
∂t
→−
− → −
→ ρdτ Qint
‹ ˚ ˚
E dS = E dτ = =
V V ϵ0 ϵ0
−
→
→−
− → →−
−→− → −∂ B −
→ ∂φ
˛ ¨ ¨
B dl = E dS = dS = − =e
S S ∂t ∂t
−−
→ →
‹
B dS = 0
¨ −→
→−
− → ∂E −
→
˛
B dr = µ0 Ienlac + µ0 ϵ0 dS
∂t
−
→ −
→ → → −
F = q[ E + −
v ∧ B]
→−
− →
Pv = j E
dUem
= −Pcde la matire − Prayonne travers S
dt
−
→ ∂Uem →−
− →
π + =−j E
∂t
−
→
π
−
→ − →
−
→ E∧B
π =
µ0
→
−
j ρ
−
→ q1 q2 →−
F 1→2 = u 1→2
4πϵ0 r2
F⃗12 F⃗21
⃗u12
q1 q2
−
→ −
→
F 1→2 = − F 2→1
→ " q1 qi −
− →
F = ui
4πϵ0 r2
→
− −
→
F = qE
# −
→ q1 − →
q= i qi E = ur
4πϵ0 r2
⃗
E ⃗ (+q )
E
⃗ (+q )
E ⃗ (+q )
E ⃗
E
⃗ ( −q )
E
+q +q -q +q
−
→
E
→
−
−→−
→ ∂B
E =− =0 ∃V
∂t
−
→ −−→
E =− V
−
→ q − →
E = u
4πϵ0 r2
q
V = + cte
4πϵ0 r
Ep = qV
−ρ
∆V =
ϵ0
→
−
E
−
→ −
→
E (M )//? E (M ) = E(...)−
→
u ...
M, −
→
u r, −
→
uz
r −
→
M, −
→
u r, −
→
uθ E (M )
→
− →
−
⃗
E E (M ) ur
→
−
uz →
−
uθ
h −
→
M E (M ) = E(r)→
−
ur
→−
− →
E .dS = 0
¨
E(r)−
→
u r .(dS →
−
u r ) = E(r)(2πrh)
Qint λ×h
=
ϵ0 ϵ0
−
→ λ → −
E = ur
2πϵ0 r
→
− →
−
E (M ) uz
→
−
ux −
→
uy
+z
−
→
E (M ) = E(z)−
→
uz
+z −z
-z
→−
− →
=0
E .dS ̸
→−
− →
‹ ¨ ¨
E .dS = E(z)→
−
u z .(+dS −
→
u z) + E(−z)−
→
u z .(−dS −
→
u z)
S
E(−z) = sym(E(z)−
→
u z ) = E(z)
→−
− →
‹
E .dS = 2E(z) × S
S
σ
E=
2ϵ0
z > a2 Qϵint
0
= ρS×a
ϵ0
+z
0 < z < a2 Qϵint
0
= ρS×2z
ϵ0
a a →
− ρa →−
z> E = uz
-z 2 2ϵ0
a →
− ρz −
→
0<z< E = u zs
2 ϵ0
r >> a
A θ B
O
-q +q
a
−q +q
V (M ) = VA (M ) + VB (M ) = +
4πϵ0 AM 4πϵ0 BM
,
/
−→ −−→ −→ −−→ a2 a
AM = ||AO + OM || = AO2 + OM 2 + 2AO.OM = + r2 + 2 r cos θ
4 2
a r >> a
1 a 1 a
AM = r(1 + cos θ) BM = r(1 − cos θ)
2 r 2 r
qa cos θ −
→
p .−
→
r
V (M ) = =
4πϵ0 r2 4πϵ0 r2
Eint
ρ=0
⃗
E
⃗n
−
→ σ−
E = → n
ϵ0
−
→ σ2 −
dF = dS →
n
2ϵ0
σ2
p=
2ϵ0
−
→ −
→
j = γE
γ
−
→
E =0
−
→
B =0
−
→
−→−
→ ∂B
E =−
∂t
−
→
−→−
→ −
→ ∂E
B = µ0 γ E + µ0 ϵ0
∂t
−→ −→−
→
( E)
−
→ −
→
−
→ ∂2 E ∂E
∆ E = µ0 ϵ0 2 + µ0 γ
∂t ∂t
−
→− → −
→− →
E ( r , t) = E ( r )eiωt
ω2
k2 = − jωµ0 γ
c2
γ >> ϵ0 ω
k = k ′ + jk ′′
−
→ − →
E B
−
→ −
→ 4 5 4 5
E B ∝ exp k ′′ x exp j(ωt − k ′ x)
& '( ) & '( )
δ
6 6
6 1 6
δ = 66 ′′ 66
k
k 2 = −jωµ0 σ
ω2
c2
,
2
δ=
ωµ0 γ
0 1
π
− j = exp −j
2
−
→
B0
I B0
EH = −
nlϵq
B0 T
ϵ m
n m−3
q C
I A
−
→ →
−
F = q→
−
v ∧B
−
→− →
− −
→
F .→
v =0 F →
−
v F
→
−
B
−
→ → −
‹
B .d S = 0
S
−
→
B =0
→
−
B
−
→ −
→
B (M )//? B (M ) = B(...)−
→
u ...
−
→
B
−
→ −
→ 7 −
→
ur →
−
uz B (M ) ⊥ ( )sym B (M )
−
→
uθ
z θ
−
→
B (M ) = B(r)−
→
uθ
−−
→ →
˛
B dl = µ0 [ic (t) + iD (t)]
C
8¨ → 9
−
−−
→ → ∂E −
→
¨
= µ0 j dS + ϵ0 dS
∂t
:
µ0 jπa2 r≥a
2πB(r) =
µ0 jπr2 r≤a
I = jπa2 :
µ0 I −
→
−
→ 2πr u θ r≥a
B (r) = µ0 Ir →
−
2πa2
uθ r≤a
→
−
B (M ) = B(r)−
→
uz
R1 R2
R2 l2 r < a
R1 l1 r>
a
→ −
− →
AB CD B ⊥ dl
→
−
B R l
−→
→ −
˛
B dl = B(0)l − B(r)l
R
−→
→ −
˛
B dl = µ0 I
R1
R2 ic = 0
R1 ic = nil1
→−
− →
˛
B dl = B(0)l2 − B(r)l2 = µ0 ic ⇒ B(0) = B(r)
R2
&'()
=0
−
→ →
−
B ext = 0
R1
−→
→ −
˛
B dl = B(0)l1 − B(r)l1 = µ0 ic
R1
&'()
nil1
B(r) = B(0) − µ0 ni
:
B(0) = B(r) r<a
B(0) − B(r) = µ0 ni r>a
−
→
B int = µ0 ni−
→
uz
I
I
→
−
B
−
→ −
→
M = I. S
−
→ −→ −
→
Γ =M∧B
→−
− →
¨
φ= B dS
S
→−
− →
˛
e= E . dl
−dφ
e=
dt
−
→
−→→
− −d B
E =
dt
C1 C2 i1 i2 i1
φ12 = M12 I1
M12 H
C i
φP = LI
L
V1 n1 n2 V2
dφ
V1 = −e1 = n1
dt
dφ
V2 = e2 = −n2
dt
V2 n2
= ←m
V1 n1
−
→ −
→ − →
d F L = i dl ∧ B
δW = idφ
Pmca + Plec = 0
Pmca > 0 Plec < 0
Pmca < 0 Plec > 0
−
→
E =0
−
→
B = 0→ −
−→−→ ∂B
E =−
∂t→
−
−→−
→ ∂E
B = µ0 ϵ0
∂t
−
→
−
→ −
→ 1 ∂2 E
!E = ∆E − 2 =0
c ∂t2
−
→
−
→ −
→ 1 ∂2 B
!B = ∆B − 2 =0
c ∂t2
1
c= √
ϵ0 µ0
−
→ − →
−
→ k ∧E
B =
ω
ω
k=
c
→
−
E(x, t) = E0 cos(kx − ωt) !E
−
→
→ −
− →
u ∧E
B =
c
⎧
−
→ ⎨ E0x cos(ωt)
⎪
E (z, t) = E 0y cos(ωt + ϕ)
⎪
⎩ 0
−
→
∂E
∂t
ωt − kz = 0 t
z
π
ϕ2 − ϕ 1 = 2
z z
π
y 2 y
π
π
< ϕ 2 − ϕ1 < π 0 < ϕ 2 − ϕ1 < 2
2
Polarisation gauche
z ϕ z
y π 0 y
ϕ2 − ϕ 1 = π Polarisation droite ϕ2 − ϕ1 = 0
Polarisation rectiligne Polarisation rectiligne
z
z
y
y
3π
2 3π
3π 2 < ϕ2 − ϕ1 < 2π
π < ϕ 2 − ϕ1 < 2
z
3π
ϕ2 − ϕ1 = 2
E = hν = "ω
hν h
p = = = "k
c λ
V (M )
p2
E= +V
2m
h
λDB =
p
m ψ(M, t)
|ψ|2
dP = ψψ ∗ dx = |ψ|2 dx
D
ˆ
|ψ|2 dx = 1
D
∂ψ "2
i" =− ∆ψ + V ψ
∂t 2m
ψ m−2/3
m kg
" " = 1.055 × 10−34 J.s
V
V (x) = 0
ψ = ϕe−iEt/"
"2 ∂2ϕ
− = = Eϕ
2m ∂x2
E<0
E = 0 → ϕ = Ax + B
√
E<0 p = 2mE
ϕ = Aeipx/" + Be−ipx/"
px−Et px−Et
ψ = Aei ! + Be−i !
√
p= 2mE
E p
vφ = =
p 2m
dE p
vg = =
dp m
ψ(x, t) −
→
p
−
→
J
−
→ −
→
−
→ 2 p 2" k
J (M ) = |ψ| = |ψ|
m m
ρ = |ψ|2
∂ρ −
→
+ J =0
∂t
−
→ 2 −−→ −−→ 3
J = "
2im ψ∗ ψ−ψ ψ∗
V(x)
V0
− a2 + a2
a
x< −a
? a 2a @
V (x) = 0
x ∈ −2, 2 V (x) = V0 > 0
x > a2 V (x) = 0
V(x) V(x)
V0 V0
x x
− a2 + a2 − a2 + a2
a a
Electron Masse : 9.1 × 10−31 kg
Charge : -e
Nombre de masse A
Numéro atomique Z
X Symbole
Z X → Z−2 X + He
A A−4
α
0
Z X → Z+1 X + ν + −1 e β−
A A
0
Z X → Z−1 X + ν + 1 e
A A
β+
Gamma X UV IR MO OR
λ (en m)
hc
E = hν =
λ
−13.6 2
En = Z
n2
l 0≤l ≤n−1
ml −l ≤ ml ≤ l
ms ± 12
n+l
n n−1
Augmentation de Ox , EI , χ
Augmentation du r
Augmentation de Ox , EI , χ
BLOC D
Augmentation du r
Alcalino-terreux
Alcalins
Chalcogènes
Gaz Rares
Halogènes
Métaux
de transition
BLOC S BLOC P
Lanthanides
BLOC F
Actinides
n
Hψ = Eψ
z z
s
x x
y y
z z z
p x
x x
y y y
2px 2py 2pz
y z z y z
d x x
x x y
y
n
"
ψ = ci ϕi
&'() &'()
i=1
OM OA
ci
+ - + +
σ
π
E
ψ2 σ ∗ antiliante
ϕ1 ϕ2
ψ1 σ liante
1
ψ1 = ! (ϕ1 + ϕ2 )
2(1 + S)
1
ψ2 = ! (ϕ1 − ϕ2 )
2(1 − S)
H2 σ 2 σ ∗0 He2
σ 2 σ ∗2
N2 O2
E σ∗ E σ∗
π∗
π∗
2px 2py 2pz 2px 2py 2pz 2px 2py 2pz 2px 2py 2pz
σ π
σ
π
σ∗ σ∗
2s 2s 2s 2s
σ σ
N N2 N O O2 O
1 dξ
v=
V dt
1 d[Ai ]
vdi = − = −vf i
νi dt
v = k[A]α [B]β α+β
⇒
A
v(t) = k [Ai ]αi
i
[A]0
[A]t = −akt + [A]0 t1 = mol.L−1 .s−1
2 2ka
ln 2
ln[A]t = −akt + ln[A]0 t1 = s−1
2 ka
1 1 1
= akt + t1 = mol−1 .s−1 .L
[A]t [A]0 2 ak[A]0
1 d[A]
νA = νB ⇒ v = = k[A]2
νa dt
= νB
νA ̸ CA,0 CB,0
CA,0 CB,0 νA
= ⇒ CB = CA
νA νB νB
νA 2
v=k [A]
νB
$ %
EA
k(T ) = A exp −
RT
Ea
A
[A]t = f (t)
ZAB α CA .CB
EA
EP
ET
Ea
Produit
Réactifs
C.R.
EA
∆# H 0 ∆# S 0
=
̸
d[IR]
=0
dt
nt (i) − n0 (i)
ξ=
νi
ξ
τ=
ξmax
r = 100τ
αA + βB → χC + δD
(aC )χ × (aD )δ
QR =
(aA )α × (aB )β
K < 10−3
K = Qeq
Q<K Q>K
Q
Sens direct Sens indirect
H+
= + H+
pH = − log[H3 O+ ]
Ke = 10−14
[AH] [HO− ]
Kb =
[A−]
Ke = Ka × Kb
[A-] = [AH]
[A-] < [AH] [A-] > [AH]
pH
AH prédomine pKa A- prédomine
pKa ± 1
pKa
pKa
pKa
pH
pH
pH ± 1
h
ω
10−14
h=
ω
K > 103
pH = pKa
Veq
2
M + n L = MLn
accepteur de ligand ligand donneur de ligand
[M Ln ] 1
βn = =
[M ][L]n Kd
βn Kd
Kf i
[MLi] = [MLi-1]
[MLi-1] < [MLi] [MLi-1] > [MLi]
pL
MLi prédomine pKdi MLi-1 prédomine
pL = pKdi + log
KS = [Ax− ]a [B y+ ]b
∆r H 0 > 0
n(A) m(A)
s= mol.L−1 s= g.L−1
V V
Q ≥ KS
pH
pH
−yl
H2
C C
OH
OH
N
H : 1s1 •H
O N O O N O O N O
Hybride de résonance
Atome
AXnEm
central
Nombre de doublets
non-liants
Nombre de voisins
m+n
A X
A A
A A
A A A
⃗µ
A B
-q +q
−
→ −−→
µ = q AB
µ q AB
−
→ −−→
µ = (δe) AB
0≤δ≤1
kJ.mol−1
+ A - B Interaction de Debye
KK,L,D
EK,L,D = −
d6
δ− δ+ δ−
A H B
Liaison hydogène
kJ.mol−1
2 × n(IV ) + n(III) − n(I) + 2
ni =
2
n(IV )
n(III)
n(I)
Stéréoisomères
Stéréoisomères Stéréoisomères
de conformation de conf iguration
Enantiomères Diastéréosiomères
2n n
α<0 α>0
α = [α]θλ .l.c
α ř
[α]λ ř.dm−1 .g −1 .cm3
l dm
c g.cm−3
Substance Substance
lévogyre dextrogyre
A A' A B'
C C C C
B B' B A'
Stéréoisomère Z Stéréoisomère E
a>b>c>d
a a
C* C*
c b
d d
b c
a R S a
c b b c
E
H θ
H H
H H
H
CHO CHO
HO H
HO
CH2OH
CH2OH H
I0
A = log = ϵλ .l.c
IS
ϵλ L.cm−1 .mol−1
I0
IS
IS
T =
I0
∆E λ
∼ 3300 cm−1
∼ 3000 cm−1
∼ 1700 cm−1
δ ppm
−
→
B
∆E ∆E = hν
1
8
1
2
1
4
Voccup
C=
Vmaille
#
mmaille i Ni Mi
ρ= =
Vmaille NA Vmaille
Ni Mi
a = b = c α = β = γ = 90o
a=b̸ = c α = β = γ = 90o
a̸=b̸ = c α = β = γ = 90o
=b̸
a̸ = c α = β = 90o γ ̸= 90o
a=b=c α=β=γ̸ = 90o
a=b̸ = c α = β = 90o γ = 120o
a̸=b̸ =c α̸ =β̸ =γ
√
d = a 2
√
D = a 3
a
D D = 4×R
√
a 3
R =
4
a d
C = 68%
N ×M
ρ=
NA × a3
A
B
d
a
C
A
a
a
Face du haut
C = 74%
N ×M
ρ=
NA × a3
1
12 × 4 +1
a
2
A
c
B
a
A
a
Maille unitaire
C = 74%
E
ET1
ET2
∆E1
∆E2
A
C
B
→
− −
→
µ i = αE
σ
pKa
pKa
π
pKa
R1 R1
C X + Nu Nu C
R2
+ X-
R2
R3 R3
v = k[RX][N u]
R1 R1
C X C + X- (1)
R2
R3 R2 R3
R1
R1 R1
C + Nu Nu C + Nu C (2)
R2 R3
R2 R3
R3 R2
v = k[RX]
H R1 R3 R1
R2
C C + B- C C + X- + BH
R3
R4 X R4 R2
v = k[RX][B − ]
H R1
H
R2
R1
C C
C C + X- (1)
R3
R3 R2
R4 X
R4
H R3 R1 R4 R1
R1
C C + B- C C + C C (2)
R3 R2
R4 R4 R2 R3 R2
v = k[RX]
<<<
α α
pKa = 50
pKa = 35 pKa = 50
<< << << <<
OH
H+
+ OH C
O O hémiacétal
OH O
H+
C + OH C + H2O
O O
acétal
O O O
HO OH O O
OEt H+ OEt
O O
Ox Ox Ox
H3C OH H C H C O C O
H OH
R O O
Ox Ox
H2C OH R C R C
H OH
R O
Ox
CH OH R C
R' R'
OH O
OsO4 NaIO4
OH O
O O
KMnO4 (cat)
+
NaIO4
OH HO
R3 R4 O O O O
R1 R2 R4 R3
+ + + R
R4 R3 R1 R2
R1 R2 O OH OH
O
O H
O O
+ + R
OH
O HO R3 R1 OH
R1 R3 R4 R2
OH-
+ H2O +
R2 R4 R1 OH HO R3
R2 R4
O -O R3 R1 O-
R1 R3 R4 R2
-
+ OH +
R2 R4 R1
OH HO R3
R2 R4
O
1) LiAlH4 , Et2O
R R CH2OH + R'OH
2) H2O , H+
OR'
-
NaBH4 Acide LiAlH4
Carbonyle Alcool I , II ROH + R’OH
carboxylique
Et2O
O
OH
Dibal
LiAlH4 Ester R
R H
Carbonyle Toluène H
H
LiAlH4 Acide BH3
Ester ROH + R’OH R OH
carboxylique THF ou DMS
Cl O OH OR' NH2
O O
R + Nu R Z Addition
nucléophile
Z Nu
O O
R Z R + Z- Elimination
Nu Nu
O O
H+
R + R' OH R + H2O
OH O R'
H
O OH R'
O OH
R' OH
+ H R O
R OH
R OH R OH H
OH
Prototropie
OH
O H H
Déprotonation O O E
R O
R'
R O R' R' R'
O
R O R O
+ H2O H H
+ H
O O
R + R' OH R + HCl
Cl O R'
O
O O
R + R' OH R Cl R + + Cl-
Cl O OR' N
N
H
H H
O O O O
O
+ R' OH R + R
R R OR' OH
O
O O
R O O
O + R' OH R O R + R
R O R R'O H O
R' H
O
O O
H+
R + R' NH2 R + H 2O
OH O NHR’
O OH
O O
R + NH3 R OH R OH R + H 2O
O O
R + R' NH2 R + + Z
Z NHR' N
H
O
O O
R + R' NH2 R Z R + + Z
Z NH NHR' N
H
R H N
O O
H+
R + H2O + R' OH
OR' OH
O O
R + HO- + R' OH
OR' O-
O O O
R + HO- R OH + R' O-
OR' OH
OR'
ECD C
+ H+
H
C
+ H2O + H+
H OH
v = k[ ][H + ]
H H
CH C
(1) BH3
H B
H H H H BH2
H
+ H B
H H H H
H H H
+ ≡
H H
H H
H H H H H H H H
π
diène
diènophile
•
R1 R1
2 + 2 +
R2 R2
50 % 50 %
O O
O
O
O O
C H
C
O O
pKa ≃ 20
pKa = 40
pKa = 36 −78o C
H
OH
C C
O
X
R
R
+ + X
RO O
• Cα
•O
→β β
O
+ OH O
+ H 2O
H
O
O
O
+
H
O
O OH
+ H 2O + OH
O O
O O
OH
O
- H2O
(H)R (H)R
+
R(H)
CH3Li
PPh3 + Cl PPh3 PPh3 PPh3
R1
R1 R1
R2
C O
O + + PPh3 O
PPh3
R2 PPh3 R2
H = U + PV
dH = ∆r H dξ
"
∆r H = ∆f H i
i
∆r H 0 > 0
∆r H 0 < 0
∆r H 0
= Cp
∆T
∆r H 0
∆r S0
∆r G 0 = ∆ r G 0 − T ∆r S 0
G = H − TS
∆G << 0
∆G >> 0
∆G = 0
$ %
0 Q
∆r G = ∆r G + RT lnQr = RT ln
K0
$ %
∂G
µi = = µ0i + RT lnai
∂ni T,P,nj̸
=i
A = −∆r G
8 $ %9
∂ ∆G ∆H
=−
∂T T p
T2
2 3
S=− ∂G
∂T P G = H − TS
−1
T2
dlnK 0 ∆r H 0
=
dT RT 2
∆r G 0
niφ
xiφ =
n1φ + n2φ
miφ
wiφ =
m1φ + m2φ
v =C +n−φ
C n
φ
Vapeur Vapeur
T1 T1
T’2
T2
T2
T’1
Liquide Liquide A
x x
Vapeur Vapeur
T1 T1
L1 + V T2 L1 + V L2 + V T2
L2 + V
L1 L2
H H
L1 + L2 L1 + L 2
x x
Miscibilité totale à l’état solide : Miscibilité partielle à l’état solide:
Liquide Liquide
T1
T1
T2
S1 + L S2+L
T2 S1 S2
Solide E
S1 + S2
x x
Liquide
Liquide T2
T1
T1 D
T2 S2+L
S1 + L
S2 + L E2
S1 + L
E E1 S2 + S1
S1 + S2
S1 + S2
x x
Vapeur
T1
M V
L
T2
Liquide
x2l x2 x2v x
x2 − xv2 MV
wL = l v
= = xL
x2 − x2 LV
Ox + ne− " Red
n.o. = −
O2 , N a... n.o. = 0
n.o. =
n.o.(O) = −II n.o.(H) = +I
n.o. = −I
n.o. = −I
E0 (V)
1 + n1 e− → 1
Ox1 Red1
2 + n2 e →
−
2
Force de Force du
l’oxydant réducteur
Ox2 Red2 n2 1 + n1 2 → n2 1 + n1 2
- A R +
e- i
e- e-
$ 7 %
i ai (Ox)
νi
RT 0
E=E + ln 7 νj
nF j aj (Red)
25o
$ 7 %
0.060 i a (Ox)
νi
E=E + log 7 νij
n j aj (Red)
∆r G = −nFE
E>0 ∆r G < 0
E<0 ∆r G > 0
∆r G0 = −RT ln K
E0
′
pH
E
Ox
Red
pH
E = f(pH)
pH
[ ] = Ctrac
Ctrac Pgaz = Ptrac
[ 1] = [ 2] Ctrac = [ 1] +
[ 2]
dξ
v = vOx − vRed =
dt
dq dξ
i= = nF = nF(vOx − vRed )
dt dt
i>0
i<0
Solution Electrode
électrons
Adsorption
Transport de matière
Désorption
(dif fusion, migration, convection)
Double couche
ou couche de dif fusion
V G A
η = R − Eeq
E ≥ Eeq ηA ≥ 0
E ≤ Eeq ηA ≤ 0
IA = IC
i i
Red Ox Red Ox
ηRed ηOx
E E
ENernst ENernst
Red Ox Red Ox
- A R +
i
e- i
Red1 Ox1
Anode Cathode
IA
U1 Ecathode E2
E1 Eanode
E
IC
Red2 Ox2
+ -
G
i
e- i
Membrane
IA
Ecathode U1 E
Eanode
IC E2 E1
Red2 Ox2
Ce3+ Ce4+
Fe2+ Fe3+
E Fe2+ Fe3+ E
ia ia
ic ic ∆ E1
∆ E0
Fe2+ Fe3+
Ce3+ Ce4+
Ce3+ Ce4+
E ia E
ia ∆ E3
ic ic
∆E 2
Ce3+ Ce4+
Fe2+ Fe3+
Fe2+ Fe3+
2, 99792.108 m.s−1
6, 67259.10−11 kg −1 .m2 .s−2
6, 626.10−34 J.s
kB 1, 380662.10−23 J.K −1
96484 C.mol−1
ϵ0 8, 854.10−12 F.m−1
µ0 4π.10−7 H.m−1
1, 602.10−19 C
me 9, 109.10−31 kg
6, 38.106 m
5, 98.1024 kg
1, 50.1011 m
c = 340 m.s−1
c = 1400 m.s−1
c ≃ 3000 − 5000 m.s−1
χT = P1 = 10−5 P a−1
ρ ≃ 1.2 kg.m−3
u ≃ 500 m.s−1
ρ = 1000 kg.m−3
400 nm < λ < 750 nm
4 × 1014 Hz < ν < 8 × 1014 Hz
1.5 eV < E < 3 eV
P0 = 1.013 Bar
hHg = 760 mm
≃ 990 hP a
≃ 1030 hP a
1 Bar 10 m
m J∆
−
→
F Γ
→
− d−
→
v = r
dt ω = dθ
dt
−
→
p = m−
→
v L = Jω
#−
→
m−
→
a = F dL
dt =
J ω̇ = Γ
EC = 12 mv 2 EC = 12 Jω 2
−
→→
P = F .−v P = Γω
−
→
F = −k(l − l0 )− →u Γ = −C(θ − θ0 )
1
Ep = 2 k(l − l0 )2 Ep = 12 C(θ − θ0 )2
v = dξ
dt i
Tz = −T0 dξ
dt u
µ0 Γ
T0 Λ
∂t =
µ0 ∂v Γ ∂u
∂t = − ∂x
z ∂Tz ∂i
∂x
Tz =/T0 ∂t
∂ξ
Λ ∂t
∂i
= − ∂u
∂x
√
c= T0
µ0 c= ΓΛ
√ /
Z = T0 µ0 Z= Λ Γ
P = Tz vz P = ui
q x
q̇ = i ẋ
q̈ = di
dt ẍ
L m
R λ
1
C /
k
√
T = 2π LC T = 2π m
k
/ /
1
ω0 = LC ω0 = k
√ /m
1 1
Q= α km Q= R
L
C
U = RI f = λẋ
7
Trigonométrie
I Fonctions circulaires
1 Premières propriétés
2 Valeurs remarquables
π
cotan x
2 π π
3 2
π
4
1 π
2 6
tan x
sin x
0
√ √ 0
1 2 3 cos x
2 2 2
∀x ∈ R, cos2 x + sin2 x = 1
$ % $ %
p+q p−q
cos p + cos q = 2 cos cos
2 2
$ % $ %
p+q p−q
cos p − cos q = −2 sin sin
2 2
$ % $ %
p+q p−q
sin p + sin q = 2 sin cos
2 2
$ % $ %
p−q p+q
sin p − sin q = 2 sin cos
2 2
exp(ix) + exp(−ix)
cos x =
2
exp(ix) − exp(−ix)
sin x =
2i
∀x ∈ R, ∀n ∈ Z, exp(ix)n = exp(inx)
a γ b
β α
B c A
c2 = a2 + b2 − ab cos γ
2
∞ an
eax xn
&
= a ∈ C, x ∈ R
n=0 n!
∞ 1
x2n+1
&
sh x = x∈R
n=0 (2n + 1)!
∞ 1
x2n
&
ch x = x∈R
n=0 (2n)!
∞ (−1)n
x2n+1
&
sin x = x∈R
n=0 (2n + 1)!
∞ (−1)n
x2n
&
cos x = x∈R
n=0 (2n)!
∞ α(α − 1) · · · (α − n + 1)
(1 + x)α xn
&
= 1+ (α ∈ R) x ∈ ] −1 ; 1 [
n=1 n!
1 ∞ 1
xn
&
= (a ∈ C∗ ) x ∈ ] −|a| ; |a| [
a−x n=0 an+1
1 ∞ n+1
xn
&
= n+2
(a ∈ C∗ ) x ∈ ] −|a| ; |a| [
(a − x)2 n=0 a
1 ∞ Ck−1
n+k−1
xn
&
= n+k
(a ∈ C∗ ) x ∈ ] −|a| ; |a| [
(a − x)k n=0 a
∞ 1
xn
&
ln(1 − x) = − x ∈ [ −1 ; 1 [
n=1 n
∞ (−1)n−1
xn
&
ln(1 + x) = x ∈ ] −1 ; 1 ]
n=1 n
√ x ∞ 1 × 3 × · · · × (2n − 3) n
(−1)n−1
&
1+x = 1+ + x x ∈ ] −1 ; 1 [
2 n=2 2 × 4 × · · · × (2n)
1 ∞ 1 × 3 × · · · × (2n − 1) n
(−1)n
&
√ = 1+ x x ∈ ] −1 ; 1 [
1+x n=1 2 × 4 × · · · × (2n)
∞ (−1)n
x2n+1
&
Arctan x = x ∈ [ −1 ; 1 ]
n=0 2n + 1
∞ 1
x2n+1
&
Argth x = x ∈ ] −1 ; 1 [
n=0 2n + 1
Dérivées usuelles
xn n∈Z nxn−1 R∗
ax a ∈ R∗+ ax ln a R
1
ln |x| R∗
x
1
loga x a ∈ R∗+ ! {1} R∗
x ln a
cos x − sin x R
sin x cos x R
1 !π " #
tan x 1 + tan2 x = R! + kπ " k ∈ Z
"
cos2 x 2
−1
cotan x −1 − cotan 2 x = R ! πZ
sin2 x
ch x sh x R
sh x ch x R
1
th x 1 − th 2 x = R
ch 2 x
−1
coth x 1 − coth 2 x = R∗
sh 2 x
1
Arcsin x √ ] −1 ; 1 [
1 − x2
−1
Arccos x √ ] −1 ; 1 [
1 − x2
1
Arctan x R
1 + x2
1
Argsh x √ R
2
x +1
1
Argch x √ ] 1 ; +∞ [
2
x −1
1
Argth x ] −1 ; 1 [
1 − x2
Fonction Primitive Intervalles
n∈N : x∈R
x0 ∈ R (x − x0 )n+1
(x − x0 )n n ∈ Z ! (N ∪ {−1}) :
n ∈ Z ! {−1} n+1
x ∈ ] −∞ ; x0 [ , ] x0 ; +∞ [
x0 ∈ R (x − x0 )α+1
(x − x0 )α ] x0 ; +∞ [
α ∈ C ! {−1} α+1
z0 ∈ C ! R (x − z0 )n+1
(x − z0 )n R
n ∈ Z ! {−1} n+1
1 a∈R ln |x − a| ] −∞ ; a [ , ] a ; +∞ [
x−a
1 ' (
1 ln (x − a)2 + b2
a ∈ R, b ∈ R∗ 2 R
x − (a + ib) x−a
+ i Arctan
b
II Fonctions usuelles
Fonction Primitive Intervalles
ln x x(ln x − 1) ] 0 ; +∞ [
1 αx
eαx α ∈ C∗ e R
α
sin x − cos x R
cos x sin x R
) π π *
tan x − ln | cos x| − + kπ ; + kπ
2 2
cotan x ln | sin x| ] kπ ; (k + 1)π [
sh x ch x R
ch x sh x R
th x ln(ch x) R
coth x ln | sh x| ] −∞ ; 0 [ , ] 0 ; +∞ [
z
M x y z
−−→
OM = x− →
ex + y →
−
ey + z −
→ez
→
−v (M )R = ẋex + ẏ ey + ż →
−
→ −
→ −
ez
O
y →
−a (M )R = ẍex + ÿ ey + z̈ −
−
→ −
→ →
ez
x
z ⃗ez
M
⃗eθ
⃗er
r Oz
y
O
−−→
x OM = r− →
er + z −
→
ez
→
−v (M )R = ṙ−
→
er + rθ̇−→
eθ + ż →
−
ez
→
−a (M )R = (r̈ − rθ̇ ) er + (rθ̈ − 2rṙθ̇)→
2 −
→ −
eθ + z̈ −
→
ez
z
⃗er
M
⃗eϕ
θ
⃗eθ
−−→
O
y r = ||OM ||
x
−−→
ϕ
OM = r− →
er
→
−v (M )R = ṙ−
→
er + rθ̇−
→
eθ + r sin θϕ̇−
→
eφ
→−
− → −
→
‹ ˚
A .dS = A dτ
S τ
− →
→ − −−
−→→ →
˛ ¨
A . dl = A dS
C §
X =x±U
x U
uz
u′z =
|z|
1
∆x = √ ∆ ≃ 0.58∆
3
2
∆x = √ ∆C ≃ 1.2∆C
3
1" n
x= xi
n i=1
B
C
C 1 " n
σn−1 =D (xi − x)2
n − 1 i=1
σn−1
ux,A = √
n
," "
ux = u2i,A + u2i,B
i i
ui
,0 12 0 12
∂x ∂x
ux = u1 + ... + uk
∂y1 ∂yk