Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Social media has become an integral part of people's lives, including students, in today's
communication landscape. Its usage has increased significantly, especially in the post-
pandemic era, which has brought about a major revolution in educational systems. Recent
studies on social media usage indicate that around 3 billion people worldwide are now
utilizing social media platforms for communication (Iwamoto and Chun, 2020). This
expanding user base of social media is dedicating more time to various social networking
platforms, with statistics showing that on average, individuals spend 2 hours per day
engaging in activities such as sharing pictures and messages, updating their status, tweeting,
liking, and commenting on shared social content (Abbott, 2017).
The academic achievement of students is crucial for developing future leaders and the
workforce of a nation, ultimately contributing to its social and economic progress.
Researchers have shown significant interest in studying students' academic performance.
Previous research on student academic achievement has focused on areas such as teacher
training, family background, educational history, gender disparities, and socioeconomic
influences. According to Shakeel and Peterson (2020), education is a key component of
human resource development.
Academic performance serves as the foundation for students' success in various academic
disciplines. Educators and educational authorities typically evaluate achievement through
classroom performance, graduation criteria, and standardized test scores. Students' academic
success is influenced by various factors, including their learning abilities, parental
background, peer pressure, teacher quality, and educational facilities. Despite the Philippine
government's ambitious goals, the implementation of reforms has been hindered by several
issues. For example, discrepancies between established teaching methods and the expected
outcomes of the Philippines' curriculum guidelines have been identified (Rivera, 2017;
Barrot, 2018).
Based on my observation many students are affected in their academic performance and their
grades are getting low because they are addicted to social media. That is why the researchers
conducted the effect of social media on the academic performance of senior high school
students. To address we need to have time management to avoid low academic performance.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the effects of social media on the academic performance of SHS
Students at Sta Rosa National High School. Specifically, it aims to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of
1.1Age;
1.2Sex;
2. Hours spent using social media
3. Academic performance of the respondents?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the number of hours spent on social media use
and the academic performance of students?
5. What recommendation could be suggested on the use of social media to improve?
Theoretical Framework
The study utilized gratification theory to explain the connection between social media and
academic performance. This theory, also known as the functional theory, was developed by
Blumler and Katz in 1970. It focuses on how individuals choose specific media to fulfill their
particular needs, emphasizing not on "what media do to people" but on "what people do with
the media." It illustrates how users select social media to meet their needs for information,
entertainment, self-esteem, and prestige. Ndaku (2013) suggested that people deliberately
expose themselves to social media that meets their needs. In the context of this study,
students may use social media based on their specific needs. For example, some students
might use it for educational purposes, while others might use it for non-educational purposes,
depending on how they utilize it. According to Apeanti and Danso (2014), if students use
social media for educational purposes, such as communicating with their instructors to ask
questions about their subjects, their grades might improve. However, solely using social
media for communicating with peers, playing games, online shopping, or other non-academic
purposes might negatively impact their academic performance (Kolhar et al., 2021).
Conceptual Framework
Independent variable
Social media Dependent variable
Time speed on social Academic performance of Propose innovation
Media students and intervention
Hypothesis
The following hypotheses are generated by the researcher and well-tested in this study:
Ho: Student's addictiveness to social networks has no significant influence on their academic
performance.
H1: Student's addictiveness to the social network has a significant influence on their
academic performance
Ho: Student's exposure to social media networks has no significant influence on student's
academic performance.
H1: Student's exposure to social media networks has a significant influence on student's
academic performance.
Scope and Limitation
This study tends to know the effects of social media (such as facebook, instagram, messenger
etc.) addiction in the academic performance of the students. This is selected only for the Sta
Rosa National High School of 28 respondents.
Significance of the study
This study will be beneficial to the following:
Administration
They may read and be aware of the changes of the students and even the effects of social
networking on their students so that they can educate their students about the limitations of
using social networking sites. This may help them in planning their tactics for making their
students avoid social networking addiction.
Teachers
The result of this study will help the teachers of the school to know the influence that social
media has on their students, to assist them in enlightening and creating awareness among the
students on the possible effect it has on them.
Parents
The study is significant to the parents in the sense that they will know the possible effect of
these social media usage has on their children. This study gives parents guiding disciplinary
actions to help their children from engaging in social media networking.
Students
The study will enable the students to be aware that, apart from the social benefits of this
social networking site, using the sites more than necessary will pose possible dangers to their
health.
Future Researchers
It will provide relevant material for students and other researchers undertaking similar
research. The study will help researchers with more information on the Influence of social
media on student’s academic performances.
Definition of Terms
Academic
is used to describe things that relate to the work done in schools, colleges, and universities,
especially work that involves studying and reasoning rather than practical or technical skills
Computer
is a machine that receives stores or processes data quickly according to a stored program
Cyberbullying
the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an
intimidating or threatening nature
Facebook
is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles,
upload photos and videos, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and
colleagues
Internet
a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols
Social media
They are forms of electronic communication that facilitate interaction based on certain
interests. Social media include web and mobile technology
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
This section presents a comprehensive evaluation of the research and relevant materials
crucial to the current study. It delves into the theoretical aspects of the topic, focusing on the
influence of social media on the academic performance of HUMSS students at Sta Rosa
National High School. It encompasses the demographic characteristics of Filipino SHS
students in relation to their use of social media. Review of Related Literature Social media, as
defined by Junco et al. (2010), comprises internet platforms, services, and behaviors that
promote engagement, sharing, and community development. The widespread usage of social
media among today's youth is undeniable. Over time, social networking has gained popularity
among students, serving as a means to connect with peers both inside and outside the school
environment. Many individuals use social networking platforms to feel a sense of belonging
to a community. Owing to its increasing popularity, scholars and economists are debating the
potential impact of students' time spent on these platforms on their academic performance
(Choney, 2010).Caratiquit (2023) found that social media addiction has a significant impact
on academic procrastination, indicating that excessive social media use is linked to higher
levels of academic procrastination. With the shift to distance learning and homeschooling,
students are more susceptible to social media addiction and distraction. The higher the level
of social media addiction, the greater the likelihood of students procrastinating their academic
responsibilities in the current educational landscape. Furthermore, a study by Karpinski and
Duberstein (2009) at Ohio Dominican University on college students' grade point averages
(GPAs) revealed that individuals who engage with social networks tend to have significantly
lower GPAs than those who do not. They also observed that Facebook remains a major
distraction for the current generation, amid the various unique diversions of each generation.
Khan (2009) asserts that frequent Facebook users often exhibit poor academic performance.
In a similar vein, Englander et al. (2010) argue that social media exerts a greater negative
influence on students' academic performance compared to its benefits. Consequently, internet
usage has surged in recent decades, leading to the phenomenon of internet addiction. Anand
and Nalwa (2008)
The prioritization of internet use over personal and professional responsibilities is a
characteristic of internet addicts, leading to decreased student performance (Khan, 2009).
Research by Englander et al. (2010) suggests that frequent use of Facebook is associated with
poor academic achievement. Additionally, social media is believed to have a more significant
negative impact on students' academic performance than positive effects (Englander et al.,
2010). Kubey et al. (2010) discovered a correlation between poor academic performance and
dependence on synchronous communication programs such as websites and forums. Jocabsen
and Forste (2011) found a negative association between media use, including mobile phones,
and self-reported GPA in first-year university students in the US. A study in Taiwan by Yen
et al. (2009) revealed a link between mobile device use and the ability to focus on academic
work. Similarly, Hong et al. (2012) identified a correlation between daily mobile phone use
and self-reported educational difficulties among university students in Taiwan. Furthermore,
Sanchez-Martinz and Otero (2009) found a connection between intensive cellphone use and
instructor failure in Spanish high school students. However, other studies by Ahmed and Qazi
(2011), Hanqittai and Hsich (2010), and Pasek and Hanqittai (2009) did not find a link
between social media use and academic achievement. Research by the Whittemore School of
Business and Economics on 1,127 students in 2009 showed no connection between time
spent on social networking sites and grades (Martin, 2009). Similarly, a 2010 study from the
University of Hampshire found no association between student use of social media and
academic performance. According to a recent survey, 90% of US teenagers have internet
access, with 75% using it frequently (Kist, 2008). The study also found that around half of
teenagers with internet access are members of social networking sites and use the internet for
social interaction and planning (Kist, 2008). The use of social networking sites among adult
internet users aged 18-29 increased from 16% in 2005 to 86% in 2010. Social media
addiction is increasingly prevalent among students (Yakut & Kuru, 2020; Marengo et al.,
2022). Despite this, social media also provides benefits such as facilitating knowledge
transmission and collaborative learning among college students (Adjin-Tettey et al., 2022).
Earlier studies also show that social media enables faster sharing of educational resources,
contributing to more effective learning when used appropriately (Okeke & Anierobi, 2020;
Adjin-Tettey et al., 2022). Additionally, an earlier study indicated that social media and the
internet positively impact students' learning outcomes and social well-being.
The excessive use of social media by students has been found to have negative impacts on
various aspects of their lives, according to multiple studies (Brailovskaia et al., 2021).
Previous research (Alaika et al., 2020; Whelan et al., 2020) indicates that social media
addiction has adverse effects on students' academic performance, health, relationships, and
overall well-being. Haand and Shuwang (2020) also noted that social media addiction can
result in unhealthy eating habits, sleep disturbances, decreased cognitive function, depression,
and poor academic performance. Students also reported difficulty in controlling the time
spent on social media compared to time spent on educational websites. Internet addiction has
been associated with academic procrastination among students (Karatas, 2015; Azizi et al.,
2019; Nwosu et al., 2020), and a significant correlation between internet addiction and
academic procrastination was observed in a study involving medical students at Shiraz
University (Hayat et al., 2020).
Uztermur's (2020) research found that male students are more likely than female students to
engage in internet use, and that social media addiction is positively correlated with academic
procrastination but negatively correlated with academic achievement.
References
Iwamoto, D., and Chun, H. (2020). The emotional impact of social media in higher
education. Int. J. High. Educ. 9, 239–247. doi: 10.5430/ijhe.v9n2p239
Abbott, J. (2017). Introduction: Assessing the social and political impact of the internet and
new social media in Asia. J. Contemp. Asia 43, 579–590. doi:
10.1080/00472336.2013.785698
Caratiquit, L.G. & Caratiquit K. D. (2023) “ Influence of Social Media Addiction on
Academic Achievement in Distance Learning: Intervening Role of Academic
Procrastination”
STA. ROSA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2024-2025
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR
HIGH SCOOL
A Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
of Practical Research 2
By:
Kyth Jarnold L. Bacalso
September 2024
