Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

 Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

by Rachel Bar Yosef

A Note to Students and Teachers:

These lessons are not intended to Introduce you to the English verb system. Use them as a review of what youve already learned.

Are English Verbs Ichsa?

Are you miserable because you make mistakes with English verbs? Do you think you will never be able to learn? Are you sorry you didnt listen to your teacher?

Its not really so hard!!!

You CAN speak and write good English You CAN get good grades on English exams. You only have to learn a few simple rules. Are you ready to LEARN and PRACTICE?

LESSON 1 An Overview

We talk a lot in these lessons about V1, V2, and V3. What in the world are V1, V2, and V3?

Does this look familiar?

eat fall fly ate fell flew eaten fallen flown

This is the table of irregular verbs that we know and love! V1 is the first column (eat, ( , V2 is the second column (ate, past simple form), V3 is the third column (eaten, calledoh well, V3)

Lots of people forget that a verb that ends in d or ed doesnt have to be a verb in the simple past. Maybe its a regular verb in V3 DISGUISED as a simple past verb. For example: love loved loved hate hated hated worry worried worried

5 Verb Formulas
be + ing (progressive)--He was crying. be + V3 (passive)--He was beaten. Four men were killed. have + V3 (perfect)--I have already eaten. do + V1 (simple)-- Do you love me? I dont hate you. modal + V1 (modal)--I can wait.

Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

BE

HAVE

DO

MODALS

is, am, are, was, were 1) be + ing (progressive) The bus is coming. We were waiting. 2) be + V3 (passive) A lot of money is spent. People were hurt.
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

has, have had have + V3 (perfect)

do, does, did do + V1 (simple)

shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, could modal + V1

She has finished. Do you love me? You should try. We have eaten. I didnt hear you. I may visit my aunt.

be
is, am, are was, were 1. be + Ving (progressive) The bus is coming. We were waiting.

Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

be
is, am, are was, were 2. be + V3 (passive) Our mother was invited. Many promises were broken.

Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

have
has, have had have + V3 (perfect) You have broken your promise. Our friendship has survived.

Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

do
do, does did do + V1 (simple) I dont enjoy homework. Do you like school?

Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

modals
shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, could, ought modal + V1 (modal)

Miri can speak four languages. We must finish. Would you like some coffee?
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

This is the end of Lesson 1

 Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

by Rachel Bar Yosef

do
do, does did do + V1 (simple) I dont enjoy homework. Do you like school?

A special note about DO:

We say that do is the helping verb for the simple tenses, but if theyre simple, then so is making peace with our neighbors! Pay attention:

With PRESENT SIMPLE and PAST SIMPLE ONLY:

In present simple and past simple, there are 3 kinds of sentences: POSITIVE (+) Harry understands Amharic. NEGATIVE (-) Jill doesnt understand Amharic. QUESTION (?) Does Jill understand French? Whats going on here????

In ( + ), the verb really has 2 jobs:

1) MEANING (UNDERSTANDS -- ( 2) GRAMMAR (UNDERSTANDS), which includes: Time (understands, not understood; ) Number -- understands cant be (think of he/she/it, which are all ( Person -- understands cant be first person (I understands???) or second person (you understands????)

 ( ) + -- ) )HARRY DREAMS . . ( ) - ( ? )
. (Harry doesnt )dream (Harry doesnt )dream
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Now do you understand why the main verb must always be

Lets Practice....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

Shlomi loves computers. Before his father bought him a computer, he thought he would never be able to learn. He didnt ________ he was clever enough. But now hes a real professional! If Shlomi didnt _________ computers to begin with, why did his father ________ him a computer? He __________ to encourage him. He knew that computers can be a wonderful help with schoolwork.

Lets Practice....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s):

Shlomi loves computers. Before his father bought him a computer, he thought he would never be able to learn. He didnt _think__ he was clever enough. But now hes a real professional! If Shlomi didnt __like___ computers to begin with, why did his father ___buy__ him a computer? He _wanted___ to encourage him. He knew that computers can be a wonderful help with schoolwork.

Lets Practice....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my keys at home this morning. Where did you ____________ them? I ___________ them on the table. __________ you see them? Yes, but you _________ have to worry. I wont lock the door.

Lets Practice....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my keys at home this morning. Where did you ___leave____ them? I ___left____ them on the table. _Can or Do_ you see them? Yes, but you __dont__ have to worry. I wont lock the door.

BUT
Dont think BE/HAVE/DO can only be helping verbs )( .
Often they are main verbs )( .

be/have/do as main verbs:

You

are being stupid! Dan has had too many absences. What did you do last night?

In the following passage, write HV in the parentheses after a Helping Verb. If the word isnt a helping verb, DONT WRITE ANYTHING.
My parents never listen to me. Sometimes they want me to do ( ) something that I dont ( ) want to do ( ), or else they want me to not do ( ) what I do ( ) want. I have ( ) always been ( ) jealous of Moshe. His parents are ( ) so understanding! He doesnt ( ) have ( ) any problems with them. Theyre ( ) young, and patient, and they remember what it was ( ) like to be ( ) young. Moshe has ( ) never had ( ) any problems with his parents. Not like me. Moshe has ( ) all the luck, and I dont ( ) have ( ) any. And I never do ( ) anything right!

My parents never listen to me. Sometimes they want me to do ( ) something that I dont ( HV ) want to do ( ), or else they want me to not do ( ) what I do ( HV ) want. I have ( HV ) always been ( ) jealous of Moshe. His parents are ( ) so understanding! He doesnt ( HV ) have ( ) any problems with them. Theyre ( ) young, and patient, and they remember what it was ( ) like to be ( ) young. Moshe has ( HV ) never had ( ) any problems with his parents. Not like me. Moshe has ( ) all the luck, and I dont ( HV ) have ( ) any. And I never do ( ) anything right!

This is the end of Lesson 2

by Rachel Bar Yosef

LESSON 3 A Few Words About Modals and Semi-Modals

modals
shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, could, ought modal + V1 (modal)

Miri can speak four languages. We must finish. Would you like some coffee?
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS

You shouldnt--indeed, you cant--use can in the past or in the future tense. Use a form of be able to instead, or (in past tense), use could. Examples: I cant speak Russian. I was able to or could speak it when I was young. I will be able to speak it again after my trip to Moscow.

A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS

Another way to say must is have to (they both mean the same thing). In fact, in negative sentences (-), questions (?), and in the past or future tenses, you cant use must; you have to use have to. Example: I must hurry. I have to hurry. You dont have to hurry. She had to hurry so that she wouldnt be late.

Lets Practice....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): Shirli, must you play the radio so loud? What __________ you say? Do you _____ ____ play the radio so loud? No, I dont ______ _____. Do you _________ me to turn it down? Yes, I do, please, if you dont _________ me to lose my hearing.

Lets Practice....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): Shirli, must you play the radio so loud? What ___did____ you say? Do you __have to___ play the radio so loud? No, I dont __have to___. Do you __want___ me to turn it down? Yes, I do, please, if you dont _want____ me to lose my hearing.

Lets Practice....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): _________ you help me, please? I want a book about the Internet, but I ___________ find one. _________ you look among the computer books? Yes, I __________, but I ______________ find anything. Well, Im ____________ somebody else right now, but I _______ ____ ______ ___ help you in about ten minutes. ________ you come back in ten minutes? OK. And in the meantime, I __________ try again. Maybe I _____ ___ _____ ___ find it by then.

Lets Practice....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): ___Can___ you help me, please? I want a book about the Internet, but I ___cant___ find one. ___Did___ you look among the computer books? Yes, I ___did____, but I __couldnt____ find anything. Well, Im __helping___ somebody else right now, but I ___will be able to__ help you in about ten minutes. ___Can__ you come back in ten minutes? OK. And in the meantime, I ___will___ try again. Maybe I __will be able to__ find it by then.

Refresh Your Memory-Take another look at the table of helping verbs. Pay attention to the colors.

BE

HAVE

DO

MODALS

is, am, are, was, were 1) be + ing (progressive) The bus is coming. We were waiting. 2) be + V3 (passive) A lot of money is spent. People were hurt.
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

has, have had have + V3 (perfect)

do, does, did do + V1 (simple)

shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, could modal + V1

She has finished. Do you love me? You should try. We have eaten. I didnt hear you. I may visit my aunt.

Lets Review....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): 1. Moshe _________ drive (V1) more carefully. He _____________ drive (V1) so carelessly. 2. _________ you want (V1) anything to eat? Yes, thanks. I ___________ like (V1) a sandwich. 3. Bob ______ acting in movies and making lots of money. 4. __________ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat? No, I ________ remember (V1) seeing it. 5. Dan ______ wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money. 6. Some Americans _______ surprised (V3 - regular verb) when Bush ____ elected (V3 - regular verb) President. 7. These photographs ________ taken (V3 - irregular verb) at Niagara Falls.
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Lets Review....
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): 1. Moshe _should__ drive (V1) more carefully. He ___shouldnt_ drive (V1) so carelessly. 2. ___Do____ you want (V1) anything to eat? Yes, thanks. I __would____ like (V1) a sandwich. 3. Bob __is__ acting in movies and making lots of money. 4. ___Have___ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat? No, I __dont_ remember (V1) seeing it. 5. Dan _has__ wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money. 6. Some Americans _were__ surprised (V3 - regular verb) when Clinton _was_elected (V3 - regular verb) President. 7. These photographs __were__ taken (V3 - irregular verb) at Niagara Falls.
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Lets Review Some More....

Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): 1. Dont you ________ you _________ drunk enough beer? 2. People should __________ a dentist once a year. 3. I will ________ an umbrella, because it may __________. 4. Gabi has always ___________ to visit India. 5. Most of our friends had already _________ the party when we arrived. Why did they _________ so soon? 6. Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning. __________ you sleeping? 7. I was ___________ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot. 8. Poor Miri! Shes __________ her arm! Call a doctor!
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Lets Review Some More....

Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): 1. Dont you _think__ you __have___ drunk enough beer? 2. People should ___see____ a dentist once a year. 3. I will __take__ an umbrella, because it may __rain____. 4. Gabi has always __wanted___ to visit India. 5. Most of our friends had already __left___ the party when we arrived. Why did they __leave__ so soon? 6. Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning. __Were____ you sleeping? 7. I was __watching_ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot. 8. Poor Miri! Shes __broken__ her arm! Call a doctor!
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Lets Try a Test....

Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): 1. I dont _________ to think about it. 2. Anat _______ lost ten kilo. You ___________ see her! 3. Did you _____________ to take your keys? 4. I havent ________, and I _____ not planning to eat anything before dinner. 5. ________ you considered going into politics? 6. He is ______________ a great expert. 7. A lot of wine was __________ at the party last night. 8. We ___________ talking on the telephone when the lights went out.

Lets Try a Test....

Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): 1. I dont _want____ to think about it. 2. Anat __has__ lost ten kilo. You _should____ see her! 3. Did you __remember___ to take your keys? 4. I havent __eaten_, and I _am__ not planning to eat anything before dinner. 5. __Have__ you considered going into politics? 6. He is __considered__ a great expert. 7. A lot of wine was __drunk___ at the party last night. 8. We ___were____ talking on the telephone when the lights went out.

A Test....Part 2:
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): 9. You could _________ until the last minute, or you could ________ the work now and _________ it over with. 10. _________ you name ten countries in Africa? 11. I __________ sleep very well last night. 12. I have _________ my promise, and I _________ keep my word.

A Test....Part 2:
Use what youve learned to fill in the missing word(s): 9. You could __wait___ until the last minute, or you could ___do___ the work now and ___get___ it over with. 10. ___Can___ you name ten countries in Africa? 11. I __didnt__ sleep very well last night. 12. I have __given__ my promise, and I __will___ keep my word.

This is the end of Lesson 3

by Rachel Bar Yosef

LESSON 4

English verb phrases can be l o n g !

I couldnt have been expected to have known that.
! An 8-word verb!

Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Forming Yes/No Questions

Take the first element ) (of the verb and put it before the subject:)( I can believe it. Can you believe it? Ive been there. Have you been there?

Forming questions...still!
Follow the same rule even for a monster verb! He couldnt have been expected to understand. Could he have been expected to understand?
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

How do I translate "" when Im forming a yes-no question?

Rachel Bar Yosef,1997

To translate when forming a yes-no question, simply begin the question with the suitable helping verb.

Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

For example:

Are you serious?

Are you listening? ? Do you collect stamps? ?

Have you lost weight?

Will he succeed?

Can you convince me?

?
Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Lets Practice....
Complete the conversation: BENNY: Arik! I havent seen you for a long time! __________________________________________? ARIK: Of course I havent been hiding! Ive been very busy. BENNY: _______________________________________? ARIK: Yes, Im studying a lot. I want to do well on my exams. BENNY: ________________________________________? ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. Its really too much. Thats why Im always so tired. BENNY: ________________________________________? ARIK: Youre right. I guess I wasnt smart to take the job. But I need the money! BENNY: ________________________________________? ARIK: Yes, Ive been able to save a lot of money, although not as much as Id hoped to save!

Lets Practice....
Complete the conversation: BENNY: Arik! I havent seen you for a long time! _Have you been hiding?_____________________? ARIK: Of course I havent been hiding! Ive been very busy. BENNY: __Are you studying a lot?___________________? ARIK: Yes, Im studying a lot. I want to do well on my exams. BENNY: ___Do you still have that part-time job?________? ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. Its really too much. Thats why Im always so tired. BENNY: _Are you sure you were smart to take the job?___? ARIK: Youre right. I guess I wasnt smart to take the job. But I need the money! BENNY: __Have you been able to save any money?______? ARIK: Yes, Ive been able to save a lot of money, although not as much as Id hoped to save!

Lets Practice
Ask these questions in English:
?______________________________________________ ? _________________________________________________ ? _________________________________________________ ? _________________________________________________ ? _________________________________________________

Lets Practice
Ask these questions in English:
? _(Do you have to/Must you) make so much noise?_________ ? _Will I see you tonight?______________________________ ? _(Are we allowed to/ May we) use a dictionary?___________ ? _Are you crazy? Have you gone crazy?_________________ ? _Are you listening?_________________________________

Lets Practice
Ask these questions in English:
? _________________________________________________ ? _________________________________________________ ? _________________________________________________ ? _________________________________________________ ? _________________________________________________

Lets Practice
Ask these questions in English:
? _Have you ever visited Petra?_________________________ ? _Have you ever heard anything so ridiculous?____________ ? _Were you at the demonstration?______________________ ? _Have you seen my keys?____________________________ ? _Would you (advise me to/suggest that I) invite them?_____

WH-words
Learn these question words: who whom whose which what where when why

?????

WH-words
And these, too: how how much how many how often ][ how long (ago) ][() how + (how rich, how strong, how sick)

?????

How easy is it?

Its really easy!
(The

answer:) I want my money. (The next question:) Why do you want your money? (The answer:) Ive given Adam some money. (The next question:) How much money have you given him? (The answer:) Im planning to leave tomorrow. (The next question:) Why arent you planning to leave today?

Who and What as subjects

Where who or what refers to the subject )(, the Hebrew translation is ? If who or what refers to the subject, DONT use dodoes-did in the simple tenses; DONT change the word order: Answer: Tal loves Rami Kleinsteins music.

Question: Who loves Rami Kleinsteins music?

)(Stumpers
How old are you? ? What happened ? ? What did x do? ?X When were you born? ? What do you do for a living? ? How long will he be gone? ?

How good are you at this?

Ask the right questions. See how much youve learned. X: Hello, Im phoning about your advertisement. _____________________________________________? MOTI: Theyre not very old. Five years isnt really so old. Anyway, theyre in good shape. X: _____________________________________________? MOTI: Im not getting rid of them. Im offering them because Im moving to a new flat, where Im not allowed to keep them. X: _____________________________________________? MOTI: I dont understand it either. They dont bother anyone.

How good are you at this?

Ask the right questions. See how much youve learned. X: Hello, Im phoning about your advertisement. _How old are they?______________________________? MOTI: Theyre not very old. Five years isnt really so old. Anyway, theyre in good shape. X: _Why are you getting rid of them?_________________? MOTI: Im not getting rid of them. Im offering them because Im moving to a new flat, where Im not allowed to keep them. X: _Why arent you allowed to keep them?_____________? MOTI: I dont understand it either. They dont bother anyone.

Keep going...
X: ____________________________________________? MOTI: You can take them whenever its convenient. Im always home. X: ____________________________________________? MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony. X: I know the building. ___________________________? MOTI: My entrance is Number 2. X: ____________________________________________? MOTI: Oh, I dont want any money for them. All I care about is finding a good home for them! X: A good home! ________________________________? MOTI: Of course Im not selling a set of skis! Im giving away my beloved cats!

Keep going...
X: _When can I take them?________________________? MOTI: You can take them whenever its convenient. Im always home. X: _Where do you live?___________________________? MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony. X: I know the building. _Which entrance is yours?_____? MOTI: My entrance is Number 2. X: _How much money do you want for them?_________? MOTI: Oh, I dont want any money for them. All I care about is finding a good home for them! X: A good home! _Arent you selling a set of skis?_____? MOTI: Of course Im not selling a set of skis! Im giving away my beloved cats!

CONGRATULATIONS!
YOUR NAME has been awarded the M.V. (Master of Verbs)