Sn xut phn ln

2. Phn ln
Gm 2 loi : supephotphat n v supephotphat kp
c dng lm phn bn trc tip hoc phn trn

2.1 cng ngh sn xut

supephotphat n
Dng bt mu xm trng hoac sm
Thnh phn chnh Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O, CaSO4,SiO2.nH2O,
H3PO4
Cht lng c quyt nh bi P2O5 hu hiu (P2O5
dng tan trong nc :Ca(H2PO4)2, H3PO4
,Mg(H2PO4)2,CaHPO4, MgHPO4
Trong supephotphat n % P2O5 = 14-21%

 iu ch gm 2 giai on
G 1: 30-40 pht
CaH3PO4
CaF2

H2SO4

C5(PO4)2F
Ca 2SO4

Ca3PO4

HF

H3PO4 to thnh tip tc phn ng giai on 2. ti

u cho giai on 2 th nng H3PO4 vo khong 46%

 G 2:
Ca5(PO4)2F + H3PO4 + H2O Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O + HF

 Cc yu t nh hng
Nng H2SO4 :
Nu thp hn 63% TH CaSO4 kt tinh thnh tinh th lm tng
tc phn ng, nu qu thaand th sn phm sinh ra b m dn
n giam hm lng P2O5 hiu dng
Nu cao hn hn 63% TH CaSO4 kt ta nh lm gim tc
phn ng
Ph hp : khuy trn v nng khong 68-68,5%
Nhit phi m bo tc s phn ng cao v m sn phm
thp): 110-120C m bo duyn tr nhit anyf th nhit
ban u ca H2SO4 khong 60-70C .
Sau G 1 th H3PO4 to thnh phi c nng khong 46% P2O5
ti u giai on 2

 S quy trnh
(nh bn ph chn h vi

 Yu cu thnh phm : % P2O5 = 14-19% , m thp

hn 13-15%, axit photphoric t do Khng qu 5-5,5%
P2O5
Ngi ta tp ht v supephotphat n do, d vn cc
v dnh bt

2, Supephotphat kp
L loi phaanlaan m c c hm lng P2O5 khong
42-48% di dng Ca(H2PO4)2 v H3PO4
u im : hm lng cht v ch thp nn gim chi ph
ng gi vn chuyn

2.1 Cng ngh sn xut

supephotphat kp
CaH3PO4
CaF2
Ca3PO4
Fe2O3

H2SO4
Ca2SO4

C5(PO4)2F
HF
FeSO4

Al2O3
AlPO4
H3PO4 to thnh tip tc phn ng giai on 2. ti u cho giai
on 2 th nng H3PO4 vo khong 46% P2O5

 Trong cng nghip c 2 phng php ch yu : pp

bung v phng php dy chuyn
S ph chn h ci)

 Nhi thit b trn rt quan trng : 80-90 C (mun

vy nhit ban u axit l 50-70C) thi gian phn
ng khong 5-6 pht
Thi gian phn ng bung supephotphat khong 1 gi
hiu sut khoang 70%
Sau khi i ra bung supephotphat th sn phm c
mang i khong 25 ngy. Sau khi hiu suaatss ln
ti 77-80% sau c mang i nghin, to ht v ng
gi.

2.3 Sn xut phn ln bng phng

php nhit
Gm 2 pp : phn ln thy tinh v phn ln thy nhit

2.3.1 Phn ln thy tinh

Thnh phn ch yu: photphat , Ca , Mg
Nguyn liu ch yu : photphat thin nhin trn vi
khong MgO, CaO, SiO2 (secpentin, olevin, dolomit)
em nung nguyn liu nhit cao( 1400-1500 C )
trong l in
Phi liu chy ra lm lnh bng nc thu c c ht
bn sn phm ging nh thy tinh vn. em sy kh,
nghin bn sn phm thu c sn phm c hm lng
P2O5 tan trong axit citric (c cy tit ra).

 Trong qu trnh nung, Mg khng tham gia to tinh th

m to MgSiO3 ngn s to flo apatit lm gim nht
ca phi liu nng chy
PTHH
4CaF(PO4)3 + 3 SiO2 6Ca3(PO4)2 + 2CaSiO3 + SiF4
2CaF(PO4)3 + 2SiO2 +H2O 3Ca3(PO4)2 + CaSiO3 + 2HF

 Ca5F(PO4)3 tn ti 2 dng v . Dng v nh hnh

tan, cy d hp th nhng li hnh thnh nhit
cao(1180 C) nu lm lnh t t dng s khng tan v
kt tinh thnh dng khng tan trong mi trng axit
yu do khng th dung lm phn bn. Khi lm lnh
nhanh th s vn gi c dng , l yu t k thut
quan trng trong sn xut phn ln thy tinh.
Thnh phm: 19,5-22,5% P2O5 (trong 19-21 % P2O5
hu hiu), 9-14% MgO, 30% SiO2 , 7,5% % Al2O3 v 1,8%
F, saukhi nghin mn, c cht c tnh cht l hc rt tt.

2.3.2 Phn ln thy nhit

Sn xut phn ln thy nhit cnf c gi l sn xut
photphat kh Flo ( tch Flo ra khi mng tinh th apatit
bn chc bng nhit v hi nc thy nhit) thu
c nhng sn phm canxi photphat hi qu trong
chn nui v trng trt.
K thut : 1400-1500 C vi s c mt ca hi nc, c
phot phat kh c F hon ton v nhanh nht. Phn
ng u tin xy ra l s thay th c ion Flo bi ion
hidroxi
CaF(PO4)3 +H2O Ca5(OH)(PO4)3 + 2HF

 Sn phm cui cng l :

2Ca5(OH)(PO4)3 2Ca3(PO4)2 + 4CaOP2O5 + H2O
Ngi ta cho thm SiO2 vo phooislieej phn hy
hidro apatit Ca5(OH)(PO4)3
4Ca5(OH)(PO4)3 + SiO2 6Ca3(PO4)2 + CaSiO3 + H2O
PTTQ:
4CaF(PO4)3 + SiO2 +2H2O 6Ca3(PO4)2 + Ca2SiO4 + 2HF

 Nhit cao lm cc sn phm chy lng

Phi liu chy lng ra khi l c lm lnh bng vi
phun vi p lc 7atm to ht trn mng b tng lt
gch .
Bn sn phm c lm ro nc sy kh v nghin
Sn phm cha -canxi photphat tan tt trong axit
citric. T thuc vo thnh phn qung v lng SiO2 ( t
2-50% khi lng photphat) hoc a vi a vo
( khong 40 lng cha SiO2 cao ) m phn ln thy
nhit cha 20-39% P2O5 tng t 19-30% P2O5 tan trong
axit citric: 28-55%CaO: 2,7-48,7% SiO2, 0,01-0,3%F v