Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GSM Overview
Network Optimization Procedure
Network Performance Evaluation
Basic KPI and Monitoring
Traffic Statistics Index Analysis
General Analysis Method
High Call Drop Rate Analysis
High TCH Congestion Rate Analysis
High SDCCH Congestion Rate Analysis
Low Handover Success Rate Analysis
Network Problem Solutions
Coverage Problems
Interference Problems
Call Drop Problems
Handover Problems
Congestion Problems
Other Problems
By: Jc Quilates, Elabram Systems
GSM Overview
TACS GSM 900 DCS 1800
Uplink 890 - 905 MHz 890 - 915 MHz 1710 - 1785 MHz
Downlink 935 - 950 MHz 935 - 960 MHz 1805 - 1880 MHz
Duplex Distance 45 MHz 45 MHz 95 MHz
Carrier Separation 25 kHz 200 kHz 200 kHz
Number of Channels 15 Mhz / 25 kHz = 600 25 MHz / 200 kHz = 124 75 MHz / 200 kHz = 374
Channels defined in Switch 1, 2, .599, 600 1, 2, .123, 124 512 , 513 .884, 885
Access Method FDMA TDMA TDMA
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7
PLC (TACS)
PLVM (TACS)
MSTXPWRMAX(Huawei)
= 33 dBm (GSM900) = 30 dBm (DCS1800) = 0 (28 dBm) (TACS)
Yes
The mobile will synchronize to this carrier
and read the BCCH info like LAI, CGI
Yes
Yes
Is the Cell Barred from accessing ?
No
No
Is C1 >0 ?
Yes
Camp on this site !!!
GSM Radio Network Optimization
GSM Overview
Network Optimization Procedure
Network Performance Evaluation
Basic KPI and Monitoring
Traffic Statistics Index Analysis
General Analysis Method
High Call Drop Rate Analysis
High TCH Congestion Rate Analysis
High SDCCH Congestion Rate Analysis
Low Handover Success Rate Analysis
Network Problem Solutions
Coverage Problems
Interference Problems
Call Drop Problems
Handover Problems
Congestion Problems
Other Problems
By Jc Quilates, Elabram Systems
Network Optimization Procedure
Network Information
Acquisition
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Network Tuning
No Reach Network
Performance or
Not
Yes
Network Optimization Report
GSM Radio Network Optimization
GSM Overview
Network Optimization Procedure
Network Performance Evaluation
Basic KPI and Monitoring
Traffic Statistics Index Analysis
General Analysis Method
High Call Drop Rate Analysis
High TCH Congestion Rate Analysis
High SDCCH Congestion Rate Analysis
Low Handover Success Rate Analysis
Network Problem Solutions
Coverage Problems
Interference Problems
Call Drop Problems
Handover Problems
Congestion Problems
Other Problems
By Jc Quilates, Elabram Systems
Network Performance Evaluation
Before putting network optimization into practice, you should have an overall
understanding of the network performance. The traffic statistics data, DT (drive
test) data, and CQT (call quality test) data are necessary for network
performance acquisition.
Drive Test
- DT is used to evaluate the connectivity, coverage, call drop, and voice quality
for the main roads and transportation backbones in urban areas. The indexes for
the roads include connected ratio, call drop rate, coverage rate, voice quality, and
so on.
The SDCCH call drop rate indicates the probability of call drops when the MS occupies the
SDCCH. The SDCCH call drop rate is one of accessibility KPIs. This KPI reflects the seizure
condition of signaling channels. If the value of this KPI is high, user experience is adversely
affected.
The TCH congestion rate is the proportion of the number of TCH assignment
failures to the number of TCH seizure requests. If the TCH congestion rate is high,
the network service quality deteriorates. In this case, you can expand the capacity to
reduce the TCH congestion rate.
SDCCH congestion rate is one of the important counters that indicate accessibility in
circuit service. This counter provides the ratio of failed SDCCH seizures due to busy
SDCCH to the total requests for the SDCCH. SDCCH congestion rate indicates the
failed requests for the SDCCH for various reasons. SDCCH congestion rate also
indicates the status of the SDCCH resource utilization.
The parameters that have an impact on the coverage include Power Class, RACH
Min.Access Level, and RXMIN.
C1 = RxLev - RXMIN
and C1 > 0 for the mobile to camp on this BTS
RxLev = Signal strength received by the mobile
RXMIN = Minimum Signal level to be received by the mobile
from BTS (BCCH) before it could access the BTS
C1 = (RxLev - RXMIN)
Ex : C1 = ( -80 - (-100)
= -80 + 100
= 20
=> C1 > 0 so mobile will camp on this site
If Penalty Time(PT) = 0
C2 = C1 + CRO
If Penalty Time(PT) = 31
C2 = C1 CRO
Cell Layer
Must be set according to priority layer, the smaller the value and so the Higher the
priority.
Interference Problems
When interference exists in a network, the following symptoms may be found
in the traffic statistics:
The uplink interference is reflected in the traffic statistics for interference bands.
You can check whether interference exists based on the settings of interference
band thresholds and the actual application scenarios. If loose frequencies are
planned in an edge network, the frequency reuse density is low. In this case, if
interference band 2 is displayed in the traffic statistics, interference may occur.
For an urban area with high frequency reuse density, if interference band 4 or 5 is
displayed in the traffic statistics, interference may occur.
The number of failed SDCCH or TCH assignments is great.
The number of call drops is great or the call drop rate is high.
The success rate of handovers is low.
The parameters SACCH Multi-Frames and Radio Link Timeout are set to too
small values.
The parameter RXMIN is set to a too small value.
The parameter RACH Min.Access Level is set to a too small value.
The parameters Min DL Power on HO Candidate Cell and Min Access Level
Offset are inappropriately set.
The parameter TCH Traffic Busy Threshold is set to a too small value.
The parameter Call Re-establishment Forbidden is set to Yes.
The parameters related to Edge handover are inappropriately set.
The parameters related to power control are inappropriately set.
T200 and N200 are set to too small values.
Some neighboring cell relations are not configured.
The parameter MAIO is inappropriately set.
MAX TA are set to too small values.
Call Drop Problems
Traffic Measurement Counter Troubleshooting Procedure
PBGT HO Threshold 72 68
Min DL Power on HO
10 15
Candidate Cell
Call Drop Problems
Parameter Setting (SDCCH DROP)
The settings of some parameters on the BSC and MSC sides may affect the SDCCH
call drop rate. If the following situations occur, the SDCCH call drop rate may
increase:
Handover parameters:
SDCCH HO Allowed is set to Yes.
T3103 (this timer is set to wait for a Handover Complete message) is set to a too small value.
T3109 (this timer is set to wait for a Release Indication message) is set to a too small value.
T3111 (this timer specifies the connection release delay) is set to a too small value.
The length of timer T305/T308 is set to an invalid or too great value.
MAX TA are set to too small values.
Call Drop Problems
Traffic Measurement Counter Troubleshooting Procedure
LAC planning: The LAC setting is very important to the network performance. If the LAC is
too great, the signaling flow increases during the paging in the BTSs within the LA, and thus
the network load increases. If the LAC is too small, the number of MS location updating
increases, and thus the signaling flow of the system increases, which may lead to the SDCCH
congestion. Therefore, proper planning of LAC can reduce the SDCCH congestion. SDCCH
Congestion Caused by Improper Configuration of LAC.
SDCCH dynamic allocation: Enabling the SDCCH dynamic allocation function reduces the
SDCCH congestion, but also decreases the utilization of the TCH resources. To prevent this
problem, set the relevant counters according to the actual situations.
The setting of RXMIN also causes the SDCCH congestion. If the RXMIN is set too small,
the number of MSs that access the network increases. When the MS requests MOC or
location updating, the SDCCH congestion may occur.
Congestion Problems
The setting of RACH Min.Access Level may cause SDCCH congestion. If this
parameter is set too small, the interference signal access increases and excessive
SDCCH requests are initiated, thus leading to the SDCCH congestion. If the
parameter is set too great, call failures may occur though there are signals.
Therefore, set the parameter according to the actual BTS sensitivity, the lowest MS
access level and the interference.
The setting of MS MAX Retrans also causes the SDCCH congestion. To increase
the paging success rate, MS MAX Retrans is increased. The BSC may assign
multiple SDCCHs to a single MS. Thus, the SDCCH congestion rate increases.
Improper setting of Power also causes the SDCCH congestion. If the power of the
main BCCH is set normal but the power of the TCH on the non-main BCCH TRX is
set too small, a power difference band forms. When an MS requests the SDCCH
successfully in the power difference band, the TCH cannot be occupied and the time
of the SDCCH occupation increases, thus leading to congestion.
Congestion Problems