Active Transport

Cellular Biology
Active Transport
• Moves materials in and out of cell using energy
(ATP)
• Type:
▫ Sodium-potassium pump – an active transport
mechanism
Active Transport
• Description:
▫ Cells pump molecules through cell membrane
against a concentration ([ ]) gradient
▫ Molecules enter cell when the [ ] inside the cell is
greater than the outside
▫ Rely on carrier proteins which use ATP
Active Transport
• Example:
▫ Intestinal cells pump nutrients from gut
▫ Root cells pump in nutrients from soil
Bulk Transport
Cellular Biology
Bulk Transport
• Type:
▫ The movement of large quantities of materials
(proteins, starch) into or out of cell
▫ Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Endocytosis
• Type:
▫ Bring bulk materials into cell
• Description:
▫ Phagocytosis:
 “celling eating”
 Pseudopods (fingers) pinch and enclose around solid
particles forming a vesicle into the cytoplasm
 Example – white blood cells (macrophages) eat
bacteria this way
Endocytosis
▫ Pinocytosis:
 “cell drinking”
 Cell membrane engulfs a drop of extracellular fluid
forming a vesicle into the cytoplasm
 Example:
 Receptor-mediated pinocytosis – when cholesterol
molecules attach to receptor molecules on surface of
cell membrane
Exocytosis
• Type:
▫ Brings material out of the cell
• Description:
▫ Bulk materials moved out of cell
▫ Material is enclosed in a sac (secretory vesicle)
which fuses with the cell membrane and spills
contents into the extracellular fluid
Exocytosis
• Example:
▫ Digestive enzymes from intestinal cells
▫ Insulin produced in pancreas cells
▫ Proteins from ribosomes packaged by Golgi body