Chapter 8

ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate

Chemical compound that living things use to store energy
Cell’s energy “currency”
Chapter 8

When energy is released by ATP it turns to ADP.

Chapter 8
 Glucose has 90 the amount of energy as ATP
so glucose is too bulky for cellular activity.
 Car battery running a cell phone?
 No, but you can use your car battery to recharge
your cell phone.
 Like a car battery glucose recharges ADP
back into ATP during cellular respiration
 Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Chapter 9 - Respiration

Mitochondria

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

Secti
on 8- Chloroplast
2
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

ENERGY - 36ATP
Chapter 9

 Food serves to
 Provide building blocks for growth and
reproduction
 Raw materials for new molecules (DNA)
 ENERGY
Chapter 9

 Calorie – amount of energy needed to raise

one gram of water one degree celcius.
 Food calories are really kilocalories
 100 calories on label is 100 kilocalories (100000
calories)
 Cellular Respiration

 Cellular respiration is the process that releases

energy by breaking down food in the presence of
oxygen.

 C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O +36 ATP

 Cells use energy in smaller “bits”. Using all the

glucose at once would result in a lot of energy lost
as heat.

 Little bits are called ATP

Fermentation (releasing energy
without O2)
 Fermentation (like respiration)
releases energy from food.
However it does so when
oxygen is NOT present.

 Exercising very vigorously

causes oxygen to be used up
quickly. This results in lactic
acid fermentation.

 Not as much ATP is produced.

Respiration and Fermentation Totals
Glucose (C6H12O6)

 2 molecules of ATP produced

when oxygen is NOT present.
(fermentation)
fermentation respiration

 36 molecules of ATP produced Without O2 With O2

when oxygen is present

(cellular respiration). 2 ATP
Remember glucose has 90 Lactic acid
times as much energy???

36 ATP
 Cellular respiration is 38%
6 CO2
efficient. 6 H2O
cell

 62% lost as heat.

Energy and Exercise
Fermentation (no O2) Cellular respiration
 Lactic Acid fermentation can (with O2)
supply the cell with energy for 0 seconds 0
about 90 seconds of vigorous
activity. (sprinting = anaerobic)
 Lactic acid builds up causing glucose
muscles to feel sore.
 For exercise lasting over 90 Glucose/
seconds, continuous ATP must be 90 seconds glycogen
supplied. This is done by cellular
respiration. (jogging = aerobic)
 Muscles, glycogen
 20 minutes 20 minutes
 You can exercise longer in the
presence of oxygen. Food
molecules including fat, are used Fat molecules
for this energy

hours