GLOBAL MIGRATION

Learning Outcomes

 Identify the causes of migration

 Explain why states regulate migration

 Discuss the effects of global migration on the

economic well-being of states

 Definitions and Types

 Meaning of migration
 Internal vs international migration
 Categories:
 Temporary Labor Migrants
 Highly skilled and Business Migrants
 Irregular Migrants
 Refugees
 Asylum Seekers
 Forced Migration
 Family Members
 Return Migrants
Causes of Migration
 Increase in cross border flows with globalization: transnationalism
 Driven largely disparities in socio-economic levels between destination
and origin
 Enabling institutions are important: migrations systems, migration
industries
 Poverty and migration: migrants are predominantly middle income
 Historical Trends
 Colonialism
 Inter-war reduction

 Post-world war

 Firstphase (1945-1973)to North America, Western Europe,

Oceania
 Second phase to new centers in South Europe, Gulf
countries, Latin America, and Asia
 Migrants remain a small proportion of world population

 However, concentration in few destination countries is the

source of contention
 Urbanization
 Feminization
 Migration and Development

 Does migration assist or impede development?

 Brain Drain(college graduates)

 Benefits for destination country: flexible, lower labor cost

 Remittances to sending states

 Abuse of migrants/Human trafficking

 Integration(granting citizenship, using multiple languages in

state documents, training and counseling programs)

 Migration and the Nation-State

 Border Control
 Lack of protection for temporary migrants

 Migrants and the national identity

(Xenocentrism vs Ethnocentrism)
 Migration is unlikely to dissipate due to

globalization
 Conclusion :

 Global migration is uneven. Some migrants experience their

movement as a liberating process like a professional who
gain financial security. On the other hand, a victim of human
trafficking may view migration as disempowering and
dislocating.
 Global migration produces contradictory responses.

 Different forms of global interdependence will ensure that

global migration will continue to be a major issue in the
contemporary world