METEOROLOGY

VS.
CLIMATOLOGY
 Weather
• - Generally refers to the day–to–day temperature
and precipitation activity in the atmosphere. It
describes the interactions of air, water, and solar
energy in a specific period of time.
 Common weather phenomena
- Blizzards - Cold
- Cloud - Warm fronts
- Fog - Dust storms
- Rain
- Hail
- Snow
 Natural Disasters
Tornadoes
Hurricanes
Typhoons
Ice storms
 4 Meteorological Scales
 Microscale meteorology
 Mesoscale meteorology
 Synoptic scale meteorology
 Global scale meteorology
 Microscale Meteorology
• Microscale meteorology focuses on events that
range in size from few centimeters to a few
kilometers and with a life span of less than a day.
Experts on this scale study the process that takes
place between soil, vegetation, and surface water
near ground level.
 Mesoscale Meteorology
• Mesoscale meteorology studies phenomena
such as thunderstorms, gap winds, downslope
windstorms, squall line, and land-sea breezes
that range in size from a few kilometer to
roughly 1,000 kilometers.
 two important phenomena are
mesoscale convective complexes
(MCC) and mesoscale convective
systems (MCS) which are caused by
the process of fluid circulation called
convection.
 Mesoscale Convective System (MCS)

• Is a complex of thunderstorms that becomes

organized on a scale larger than the individual
thunderstorms but smaller than extratropical
cyclones and normally persist for several
hours or more.
 Mesoscale Convective Complexes (MCC)

• Is a unique kind of mesoscale

convective system which is defined by
characteristics observed in infrared
satellite imagery.
 Convection
•Results in a transfer of energy,
heat and moisture all of which are
basic building blocks of weather.
 Synoptic Scale meteorology
• Synoptic scale meteorologists are concerned
on phenomena such as extratropical cyclones
and their accompanying fronts and jet streams
that cover an area of several hundred of even
thousand of kilometers.
 Global scale meteorology
• Studies weather patterns related to the transport of
heat, moisture and wind from the tropics to the
poles. An important pattern under study is the
global atmospheric circulation that aids in the
distribution of thermal energy across the surface of
the earth.
 Early Signals of El Nino
1. Rise in surface pressure over in the Indian ocean, Indonesia, and Australia
2. Fall in air pressure over Tahiti and the rest of the central and eastern Pacific
Ocean
3. Trade winds in the south Pacific weaken or head East;
4. Warm air rises near Peru, causing rain in the northern Peruvian deserts; and
5. Warm water spreads from the west Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the East
Pacific. It takes the rain with it, causing extensive drought in the western Pacific
and rainfall in the normally dry eastern Pacific.