Hyperbola

Hyperbola – a set of points in a plane whose difference

of the distances from two fixed points is a constant.

𝑑 𝐹1 , 𝑃 − 𝑑 𝐹2 , 𝑃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = ±2𝑎

Q

𝑑 𝐹1 , 𝑄 − 𝑑 𝐹2 , 𝑄 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = ±2𝑎
Transverse axis – the line that contains the foci and goes
through the center of the hyperbola. Center
Center – the midpoint of the line
segment between the two foci.

Conjugate axis – the line that is

perpendicular to the transverse axis
and goes through the center of the
Conjugate axis
hyperbola.
 PROPERTIES OF THE HYPERBOLA
1. The points V1 and V2 are the vertices.
2. The points L1 and L2 are the ends of the
latus rectum.
3. The points F1 and F2 are the foci.
4. The equation of the asymptotes are
y=+(b/a)x , if the center of the parabola is at
the origin.
5. The foci can be found by determining the
values of c = √ a2 +b2 .
 x2 - y2 = 1 y2 - x2 = 1
a2 b2 a2 b2
Transverse axis x-axis y-axis
Conjugate axis y-axis x-axis
center (0,0) (0,0)
vertices (-a, 0), (a, 0) (0, -a), (0, a)
foci (-c, 0), (c, 0) (0, -c), (0, c)
Latus rectum 2b2 /a 2b2 /a
LR1 (-c, -LR/2), (-c,LR/2) (-LR/2, -c), (LR/2, c)
LR2 (c, -LR/2), (c, LR/2) (-LR/2, c), (LR/2, c)
asymptotes y= +(b/a)x y= +(a/b)x
 _x2 - y2 = 1 _y2 - x2 = 1
16 9 25 144
a,b,c 4,3,5 5,12,13
transverse axis x-axis y-axis
conjugate axis y-axis x-axis
center (0,0) (0,0)
vertices (-4,0), (4,0) (0,-5), (0,5)
foci (-5,0),(5,0) (0,-13),(0,13)
latus rectum 2(9)/4=9/2 2(144)/5=288/5
LR1 (-5,-9/4), (-5,9/4) (-144/5,-13),(144/5,-13)
LR2 (5,-9/4), (5,9/4) (-144/5,13), (144/5,13)
asymptotes y = + (3/4)x y = + (5/12)x
 seatwork _x2 - y2 = 1 _y2 - x2 = 1
6 8 1 4
a = 1 , b = 2 , c = √5
a,b,c √6 , √8=2 √2 , √14 a = 1 , b = 2 , c = √5
transverse axis x-axis y-axis
conjugate axis y-axis x-axis
center (0,0) (0,0)
vertices (-√6,0), (√6,0) (0,-1), (0,1)
foci (-√14,0),(√14,0) (0,-√5),(0, √5)
latus rectum 2(8)/√6=8√6/3 2(4)/1=8

LR1 (-√14,-4√6/3),(-√14,4√6/3) (-4,-√5),(4, √5)

LR2 (√14,-4√6/3),(√14,4√6/3) (4,-√5),(4, √5)
asymptotes y = + (2√2/√6)x y = + (1/2)x
assignment _x2 - y2 = 1 _y2 - x2 = 1
144 25 1 9
a =12 , b = 5 , c = 13 a = 1 , b = 3 , c = √10
transverse axis x-axis y-axis
conjugate axis y-axis x-axis
center (0,0) (0,0)
vertices (-12,0), (12,0) (0,-1), (0,1)
foci (-13,0),(13,0) (0, -√10),(0, √10)
Latus rectum 2(25)/12=25/6 2(9)/1=18

LR1 (-13,-25/12),(-13,25/12) (-9, -√10),(9, -√10)

LR2 (13,-25/12),(13,25/12) (-9, -√10),(9, √10)
asymptotes y = + (5/12)x y = + (1/3)x
 (x-h)2 - (y-k)2 = 1 (y-k)2 - (x-h)2 = 1
a2 b2 a2 b2
transverse axis // to the x-axis // to the y-axis
conjugate axis // to the y-axis // to the x-axis
center (h,k) (h,k)
foci (h-c, k), (h+c, k) (h, k+c), (h, k-c)
vertices (h-a, k), (h+a, k) (h, k+a), (h, k-a)
LR1 (h-c, k-LR/2), (h+LR/2, k-c),
(h-c, k+LR/2) (h-LR/2, k-c)
LR2 (h+c, k-LR/2), (h-R/2, k+c),
(h+c, k+LR/2) (h+LR/2, k+c)
asymptotes y-k= +(b/a)(x-h) y-k= +(a/b)(x-h)
 (x-1)2 - (y+2)2 = 1 (y+2)2 - ( x-3)2 = 1
1 3 4 5
a=1 b=√3 c = 2 a=2 b=√5 c=3
transverse axis // to the x-axis // to the y-axis
conjugate axis // to the y-axis // to the x-axis
center (1,-2) (3,-2)
vertices (0,-2),(2,-2) (3,-4),(3,0)
foci (-1,-2),(3,-2) (3,-5),(3,1)
latus rectum 2(3)/1=6 2(5)/2=5
LR1 (-1,-5),(-1,1) (1/2,-5),(11/2,-5)
LR2 (3,-5),(3,1) (1/2,1),(11/2,1)
asymptotes y+2=+√3(x-1) y+2=+(2/√5)(x-3)
y+2=+(2√5/5)(x-3)
Seatwork (x+4)2 - (y+3)2 = 1 (y-5)2 - ( x-2)2 = 1
4 5 16 9
a=2 b=√5 c=3 a=4 b=3 c=5
transverse axis // to the x-axis // to the y-axis
conjugate axis // to the y-axis // to the x-axis
center (-4,-3) (2,5)
vertices (-6,-3),(-2,-3) (2,1),(2,9)
foci (-7,-3),(-1,-3) (2,0),(2,10)
Latus rectum 2(5)/2=5 2(9)/4=9/2
LR1 (-7,-11/2),(-7,-1/2) (-1/4,0),(17/4,0)
LR2 (-1,-11/2),(-1,-1/2) (-1/4,10),(17/4,10)
asymptotes y+3=+(√5/2)(x+4) Y-5=+(4/3)(x-2)
assignment (x+4)2 - (y-3)2 = 1 (y-7)2 - ( x+4)2 = 1
1 8 25 144
a=1 b = 2√2 c=3 a=5 b=12 c=13
transverse axis // to the x-axis // to the y-axis
conjugate axis // to the y-axis // to the x-axis
center (-4,3) (-4,7)
vertices (-5,3),(-3,3) (-4,2),(-4,12)
foci (-7,3),(-1,3) (-4,-6),(-4,20)
Latus rectum 2(8)/1=16 2(144)/5=288/5
LR1 (-7,-5),(-7,11) (-164/5,-6),(124/5,-6)
LR2 (-1,-5),(-1,11) (-164/5,20),(124/5,20)
asymptotes y-3=+2√2(x+4) y-7=+(5/12)(x+4)
 GRAPHING HYPERBOLA
Identify the direction of opening, the coordinates of the
center, the vertices, and the foci. Find the equations of the
asymptotes and sketch the graph.
𝑥2 𝑦2 
− =1 Center: (0,0)
16 9    

Vertices of transverse axis: 

𝑎2 = 16 𝑎 = ±4 −4,0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4,0)
Foci
𝑏 2 = 9 𝑏 = ±3 0,3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0, −3) Equations of the Asymptotes
𝑏
2 2 2 2 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑏 =𝑐 −𝑎 9 = 𝑐 − 16
𝑎
𝑐 2 = 25 𝑐 = ±5 3
𝑦 − 0 = ± (𝑥 − 0)
−5,0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5,0) 4
3
𝑦=± 𝑥
4
Identify the direction of opening, the coordinates of the
center, the vertices, and the foci. Find the equations of the
asymptotes and sketch the graph.

𝑦2 𝑥2 
− =1 Center: (0,0)
4 16  
Vertices of transverse axis: 

𝑎2 = 4 𝑎 = ±2 0, −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,2) 

Foci
Equations of the Asymptotes
𝑏 2 = 16 𝑏 = ±4 −4,0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4,0) 𝑎
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 16 = 𝑐 2 − 4 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑏
𝑐 2 = 20 𝑐 = ±2 5 2
𝑦 − 0 = ± (𝑥 − 0)
0, −2 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,2 5) 4
1
𝑦=± 𝑥
2
A hyperbola has a focus at (−4,0) and vertices at −4,4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−4,2).
What is its equation? Graph the hyperbola.

−4 + (−4) 4 + 2
Center: , (−4,3) 
2 2  

𝑎 =4−3=1 𝑎2 = 1 
Find b: 𝑐 = 3 − 0 = 3 𝑐2 = 9
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 𝑏2 = 9 − 1 = 8 𝑏 = ±2 2
−4 − 2 2, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−4 + 2 2, 0)
Equation of the Hyperbola
−6.83,3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−1.17,3) (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2
2
− 2
=1
𝑎 𝑏
(𝑦 − 3)2 (𝑥 + 4)2
− =1
1 8
A hyperbola has a focus at (−4,0) and vertices at −4,4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−4,2).
What is its equation? Graph the hyperbola.

Equations of the Asymptotes

Center: (−4,3)  

𝑎=1 𝑏 = ±2 2 
𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑏
1
𝑦−3=± (𝑥 + 4)
2 2
2
𝑦−3=± (𝑥 + 4)
4
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and
the equations of the asymptotes using the following equation
of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 = 399
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 − 4(𝑥 2 + 18𝑥) = 399
10 2 18
= 5 5 = 25 =9 92 = 81
2 2
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25 − 4(𝑥 2 +18𝑥 + 81) = 399 + 25 − 324
(𝑦 + 5)2 −4(𝑥 + 9)2 = 100
(𝑦 + 5)2 4(𝑥 + 9)2
− =1
100 100
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2
− = 1 Opening up/down
100 25
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and the
equations of the asymptotes using the following equation of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2 Foci:
− =1
100 25 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 25 = 𝑐 2 − 100
Center: (−9, −5) 𝑐 2 = 125 𝑐 = 125 = 5 5
−9, −5 − 5 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9, −5 + 5 5)
Vertices:
−9, −16.18 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9,6.18)
𝑎2 = 100 𝑎 = 10
−9, −5 − 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9, −5 + 10)
−9, −15 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9,5)
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and the
equations of the asymptotes using the following equation of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2
− =1
100 25
Equations of the Asymptotes
Center: (−9, −5)
𝑎 = 10 𝑏=5
𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑏
10
𝑦 − (−5) = ± (𝑥 − (−9))
5
𝑦 + 5 = ±2 (𝑥 + 9)