The Process within

Definition
en·do·gen·ic ˌendōˈjenik/
Adjective GEOLOGY

Formed, located or
occurring beneath the
surface of the earth.
What is Endogenic
Process?
o Endogenic Processes are geological processes
that occur beneath the surface of the Earth.
o It is associated with energy originating in the
interior of the solid earth.
o The ground we live on is moving all the time.
The Forces within the earth that cause the
ground to move are called ENDOGENIC
FORCES.
How does Endogenic Process
work?
o When the ground moves, Rock layers at the
surface of the earth are broken, twisted and
shaken.

o Land is destroyed in many places and created in

other places.

o When the land is shaped by Endogenic Forces,

we call this ENDOGENIC PROCESSES.
The Main Endogenic
Processes
o The Main Endogenic Processes are FOLDING &
FAULTING or Tectonic Movements.

o They take place mainly along the plate

boundaries, which are the zones that are not
stable.

o Endogenic processes cause many major

landform features.
FOLDING
o When two forces push towards each other from
opposite sides, the rock layers will bend into
folds.

o The process by which folds are formed are

due to compressional forces known as folding.

o There are large-scale and small-scale folds.

Large- scale folds are found mainly along
destructive plate boundaries.
ILLUSTRATION:
FOLDING
ILLUSTRATION:
FOLDING
 FAULTING
o Faulting is the fracturing and o
displacement of more brittle
rock strata along a fault plane
either caused by tension or o
compression.
o A break in rock along which a o
vertical or horizontal rock
movement has occurred is
called a fault.
The process of forming a fault is
faulting.
The line of fault which appears on
land surface is known as fault line.
These lines are often lines of
weakness which allow molten rock
to rise up onto the earth surface
when there is active volcanic
activity nearby.
TYPES O F FAU L TI NG

There are three types of

f a u l t w h i ch a r e c a u s e d b y
d i f f e r e n t e n d o g e n ic f o r c e s: F a u l t i ng f o r m s t w o m a j o r
l a n d f o r ms - b l o c k
o Normal fault (Convergence) m o u n t a i ns a n d r i f t v a l l e ys.
o Reverse fault (Divergence)
o Tear fault (Transform)
ILLUSTRATION:
FAULTING
NORMAL FAULT
ILLUSTRATION:
FAULTING
REVERSE FAULT
ILLUSTRATION:
FAULTING
TEAR FAULT
OTHER ENDOGENIC
PROCESSES
(SUBSEQUENT)
These are Endogenic Processes that are
subsequent to the main ones.
o Volcanism (Volcanic Activity)
o Metamorphism
o Earthquake (Seismic Activity)
 VOLCANISM o When these lines of weakness
develop downward in the crust
o VOLCANISM or
and reach the magma, they
magmatism (also known as
will release the pressure in the
volcanic activity or igneous
magma.
activity)
o This allows magma to rise up
o Magma beneath the crust
along the lines of weakness
is under very great
and intrude into the crust.
pressure. When folding
Some magma may even reach
and faulting occur, cracks
the earth's surface and some
or fractures which are lines
don’t.
of weakness are created.
ILLUSTRATION:
VOLCANISM
There are two
types of
Volcanism:
Intrusive
volcanism and
Extrusive
volcanism.
RESULTS OF VOLCANISM
IGNEOUS ROCKS
METAMORPHISM
Metamorphism is an endogenic process
which occurs when there is pressure and
heat applied to geologic structures which
leads to the formation of Metamorphic Rocks.
ILLUSTRATION:
METAMORPHISM
RESULTS OF
METAMORPHISM
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
GRADING METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
EARTHQUAKES
o An Earthquake or (Seismic Activity) is a sudden
shaking or vibration in the earth’s crust.
o When plates suddenly move past each other,
the built-up strain is released along the fault,
and the rock fractures.
o An earthquake also can be triggered by molten
rock moving up into the chamber of a volcano
before eruption.
ILLUSTRATION:
EARTHQUAKE
SUMMARY
oEndogenic Processes are Processes that is
formed or occurring beneath the surface of
the Earth.
o The Main Endogenic Processes are
Folding and Faulting (or tectonic
movements).
o The Subsequent Endogenic Processes are
Volcanism, Metamorphism, and
Earthquakes.
SUMMARY

oEndogenic processes cause many major

landform features.
o Endogenic processes have been
responsible for shaping the earth’s
geologic structures and the formation of
many of the most important mineral
resources.