Peka 2 – Endothermic and Exothermic

Reaction
Aim : To study Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction
Hypothesis : Different type of chemicals produce different
changes in temperature in the reaction with water.
Variables :
(a) Manipulated Variable : Type of chemicals
(b) Responding Variable : Changes in temperature/increase or
decrease in temperature.
(c) Fixed Variable : Volume of water/Quantity of chemical
substances.
Material and apparatus : Sodium hydroxide crystals,
ammonium chloride powder, distilled water, test tube,
thermometer and spatula.
  
Procedure :

Sodium hydroxide /ammonium chloride

1) 5 of distilled water was poured into a test tube.

2) The initial temperature of distilled water was recorded.
3) One spatula of Sodium hydroxide crystals was added into
the test tube.
4) The mixture was stirred until Sodium hydroxide
dissolved.
5) Then the final temperature was recorded into the
table.
6) The experiment was repeated by using ammonium
chloride powder.
Result :
Type of Initial Final Change in Outer wall of
chemical temperature temperature temperature test tube
of substance of substance ()
( ()
Sodium An Hot
Sodium
hydroxide Hot
hydroxide
crystals and increase of
crystals
distilledand
water
distilled water ____
Ammonium A decrease Cold
chloride
Ammonium
powder
chloridewith 0f___ Cold
distilled water
powder with
distilled water
Discussion :
1) An exothermic reaction occurs when temperature
increase because heat is released to the surroundings.
2) An endothermic reaction occurs when temperature
decrease because heat is absorb from the surroundings.
3) Which of the above reaction involve
(a) heat loss?
Dissolving sodium hydroxide in water
(b) heat gain?
Dissolving Ammonium chloride in water
4) Is the hypothesis accepted or rejected?
Accepted.
Conclusion :
Dissolving sodium hydroxide in water is an
exothermic reaction whereas dissolving ammonium
chloride in water is an endothermic reaction.