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K 2
I= K 1
=constant
For impedance relay, one coil is energized by current and the other is
energized by voltage.
Relay is on the verge of operation when, F0 = Fr
K1I12 = K2I22
K 2
I1/I2 = K = constant
1
Also,
Induction Relay
Watt-Hour Meter Structure
Upper electromagnet’s primary winding is energized by CT.
The secondary winding of it is carried over to the lower
electromagnet.
The current I1 produces flux ‘φ1’ which induces a current I2 in the
secondary that flows through the lower electromagnet producing
another flux ‘φ2’.
‘φ1’ and ‘φ2’ are dispersed in phase and produces net force/torque
on the disc.
The disc rotates, the moving contact touches a pair of fixed
contacts and the trip circuit gets energized.
Watt-hour Meter Structure Induction Disc Relay
Induction-Cup Structure
Hollow cylindrical cup instead of aluminium disc is used as
the rotor.
Structure is similar to single phase induction motor, the
rotor iron of which is separated.
The cup acts like rotor conductors.
Two, four, or more electromagnets are energized by relay
coils and are stationary.
Eddy current is introduced in the cup and force develops due
to its interaction with the flux.
The cup rotates between the electromagnets and the
stationary iron.
Induction-Cup Relay(Contd.)
A spindle attached to the cup closes its contact and signals the trip
circuit.
Advantages:
1. Produces better torque than `
shaded pole and Watt-hour meter
structure.
2. Has very high speed of operation and
may have an operating time less
than 0.1 sec.
Disadvantages:
It is vibration-prone and torque varies
with rotor position.
Non-directional Overcurrent Relay
Directional Power Relay
Ditectional IDMT Overcurrent Relay
Working principle of directional overcurrent
Relay
Power flows in proper direction during normal operation and the
relay is inoperative, i.e the secondary winding of the directional
element is open and non-directional is inoperative too.
When current w.r.t voltage or, power flows in reverse direction,
torque prduced because of the interaction between eddy-current
and flux of voltage and current coil.
As the disc rotates, it closes (1-1’) contacts and the secondary
winding of the lower electromagnet has a closed path.
As current already was there in the primary winding of the upper
magnet of directional element and secondary became closed
because of the action of directional element producing flux, the two
fluxes now interact to produce a driving torque to rotate the disc.
Thus contacts of trip circuit get closed and it opens the circuit
breaker to isolate the faulty section.