ELECTROTECHNIQUE 1

LEB 20503

 Analyze series - parallel AC circuits

using circuit techniques.

1
Ahmad Zawawi Jamaluddin
Marine Electrical & Electronics Technology
SERIES - PARALLEL
AC CIRCUITS
(CHAPTER 2)
16.1 Introduction
In general, when working with series-parallel AC
networks, consider the following approach:

1. Redraw the network employing block impedances to

combine obvious series and parallel elements, which
will reduce the network to one that clearly reveals the
fundamental structure of the system.
2. Study the problem and make a brief sketch of the
overall approach you plan to use. Doing this may
result in time- and energy-saving shortcuts. In some
cases a lengthy, drawn-out analysis may not be
necessary. A single application of a fundamental law
of circuit analysis may result in the desired solution.
16.1 Introduction

3. After the overall approach has been determined,

consider each branch involved in your method
independently before tying them together in series-
parallel combinations. In most cases, work back from
the obvious series and parallel combinations to the
source to determine the total impedance of the
network. The source current can then be determined,
and the path back to specific unknowns can be
defined. As you progress back to the source,
continually define those unknowns that have not been
lost in the reduction process. It will save time when
you have to work back through the network to find
specific quantities.
16.1 Introduction

4. When you have arrived at a solution check to see that

it is reasonable by considering the magnitudes of the
energy source and the elements in the circuit. If not,
either solve the network using another approach, or
check over your work very carefully.
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.1
a. Calculate ZT.
b. Determine IS.
c. Calculate VR and VC.
d. Find IC.
e. Compute the power delivered.
f. Find Fp of the network.
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.1 - Solution
a. Redraw the circuit with
block impedances.
Z1  R0  1 0 

ZC  Z L
Z 2  ZC || Z L 
ZC  Z L
(2  90)(3 90)

 j 2  j3
(60) 60
 
j1 1 90
 6  90 
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.1 – Solution (cont’d)
a. The total impedances, ZT

Z1  1 0 

Z 2  6  90 

ZT  Z1  Z2
 (1 0)  (6  90)
 1  j6
ZT  6.08  80.54 
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.1 – Solution (cont’d)
b. Determine IS.

E
IS 
ZT
1200 V

6.08  80.54 

I S  19.74 80.54 A
ZT  6.08  80.54 
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.1 – Solution (cont’d)
c. Calculate VR and VC.

Ohm’s Law:

VR  I S Z1
 (19.7480.54)(10)

VR  19.7480.54 V

VC  I S Z2
 (19.7480.54)(6  90)
VC  118 .44  9.46 V
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.1 – Solution (cont’d)
d. Find IC.

VC is known.

VC
IC 
ZC
118.44  9.46 V

2  90

I C  59.22 80.54 A
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.1 – Solution (cont’d)
e. Compute the power delivered.
2
PT  I S R
 19.74 1
2

PT  389.67 W

f. Find FP of the network

ZT has a negative phase angle
Fp  cos T  cos 80.54
 I S leads E
Fp  0.164 leading  capacitive network
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.2
a. If I is 50 30 A , calculate I1 using the current divider rule.
b. Repeat part (a) for I2.
c. Verify Kirchhoff’s current law at one node.
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.2 - Solution
a. Redraw the circuit with
block impedances.
Z1  R  jX L
 3  j4 50 30 A
 5  53.13 
Z1  5  53.13 

Z2   jX C
  j8
 8  90  50 30 A
Z 2  8  90 
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.2 – Solution (cont’d)
a. Calculate I1 using CDR

Z2  I
I1 
Z1  Z2
(8  90)(50 30)

( j8)  (3  j 4)
50 30 A
400  60

3  j4
400  60

5  53.13

I1  80  6.87 A
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.2 – Solution (cont’d)
b. Calculate I2 using CDR

Z1  I
I2 
Z1  Z2
(553.13)(50 30)

5  53.13 50 30 A
250 83.13

5  53.13

I 2  50136.26 A
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.2 – Solution (cont’d)
c. Verify KCL at one node

I  50 30 A
I1  80  6.87 A

I 2  50136.26 A

I  I1  I 2
(50 30)  (80  6.87)  (50 136.26)
 (79.43  j 9.57)  (36.12  j 34.57)
 43.31  j 25
(50 30)  50 30 (checks!)
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.8
a. Calculate the total impedance ZT.
b. Compute I.
c. Find the total power factor.
d. Calculate I1 and I2.
e. Find the average power delivered to the circuit.
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.8 - Solution
a. Redraw the circuit with
block impedances.
Z1  R1
 4  0 

Z2  R2  jX C
 9  j7
 11 .40  37.87 

Z3  R3  jX L
 8  j6
 10  36.87 
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.8 – Solution (cont’d)
a. Calculate ZT1

Z 2  Z3
ZT 1  Z2 || Z3 
Z 2  Z3
(11 .40  37.87)(10 36.87)

(9  j 7)  (8  j 6)
Z2  9  j 7
(114   1.00)
  11 .40  37.87 
17  j1
114   1.00 Z3  8  j 6

17.03  3.37  10  36.87 
 6.69 2.37 
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.8 – Solution (cont’d)
a. Calculate ZT

Z1  4  0 

ZT 1  6.69 2.37 

ZT  Z1  ZT 1
 (4 0)  (6.69 2.37)
 (4  j 0)  (6.68  j 0.28)
 10.68  j 0.28
ZT  10.68 1.5 
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.8 – Solution (cont’d)
b. Compute I.

E
I
ZT
100 0 V

10.68 1.5 
ZT  10.68 1.5 
I  9.36  1.5 A

c. Power factor Fp  cos T  cos1.5

Fp  1
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.8 – Solution (cont’d)
d. I1 using CDR

Z3  I
I1 
Z 2  Z3
(1036.87)(9.36  1.5)

(9  j 7)  (8  j 6)
93.6 35.37
 Z2  9  j 7
17  j1
 11 .40  37.87 
93.6 35.37
 Z3  8  j 6
17.03  3.37
 10  36.87 
I1  5.538.74 A
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.8 – Solution (cont’d)
d. I2 using CDR

Z2  I
I2 
Z 2  Z3
(11 .40  37.87)(9.36  1.5)

(9  j 7)  (8  j 6)
106.7  39.37 Z2  9  j 7

17.03  3.37  11 .40  37.87 
I 2  6.27  36 A Z3  8  j 6
 10  36.87 
16.2 Illustrative Examples
Example 16.8 – Solution (cont’d)
e. Average power delivered
to the circuit

PT  EI cos T
 (100)(9.36)(1)
 936 W
PT  936 W
Fp  1