Construction Method of River

and Flood Control

By: Justine Ejay C. Moscosa
 Flood control

• Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the

detrimental effects of flood waters. Flood relief methods are
used to reduce the effects of flood waters or high water levels.
 Causes of floods

• Floods are caused by many factors or a combination of any of these

generally prolonged heavy rainfall (locally concentrated or
throughout a catchment area), highly accelerated snowmelt, severe
winds over water, unusual high tides, tsunamis, or failure of dams,
levees, retention ponds, or other structures that retained the water.

• Flooding can be exacerbated by increased amounts of impervious

surface or by other natural hazards such as wildfires, which reduce
the supply of vegetation that can absorb rainfall.
Methods of flood management
 Dams

• Many dams and their associated reservoirs are

designed completely or partially to aid in flood
protection and control.

• Many large dams have flood-control reservations in

which the level of a reservoir must be kept below a
certain elevation before the onset of the
rainy/summer melt season to allow a certain
amount of space in which floodwaters can fill. 
 Diversion canals

• Floods can be controlled by redirecting

excess water to purpose-built canals or
floodways, which in turn divert the
water to temporary holding ponds or
other bodies of water where there is a
lower risk or impact to flooding.

Manggahan Floodway in Pasig City

 Floodplains and groundwater replenishment

• Excess water can be used for 

groundwater replenishment by diversion onto
land that can absorb the water. This technique
can reduce the impact of later droughts by using
the ground as a natural reservoir.
 River defences

• In many countries, rivers are prone to

floods and are often carefully
managed. Defenses such as levees, 
bunds, reservoirs, and weirs are used
to prevent rivers from bursting their
banks.
 River defences

 Levee
• A levee, dike, dyke, embankment, floodbank or
stopbank is an elongated naturally occurring
ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall that
regulates water levels. It is usually earthen and
often parallel to the course of a river in its
floodplain or along low-lying coastlines.
 River defences

 Bunds
• an embankment or causeway.
 River defences

 Reservoirs
• A reservoir is, most commonly, an enlarged
natural or artificial lake, pond or impoundment
created using a dam or lock to store water.
 River defences

 Weirs
• A weir or low head dam is a
barrier across the width of a river
that alters the flow characteristics
of water and usually results in a
change in the height of the river
level.
 Coastal Defences

• Coastal flooding has been addressed

with coastal defences, such as sea
walls, beach nourishment, and barrier
islands.
 Coastal Defences

 Sea Walls
• A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal
defense constructed where the sea, and
associated coastal processes, impact directly
upon the landforms of the coast.
• The purpose of a sea wall is to protect areas
of human habitation, conservation and leisure
activities from the action of tides, waves, or
tsunamis.
 Coastal Defences

 Beach Nourishment
• Beach nourishment is the supply of
sand to the shore to increase the
recreational value and/or to secure the
beach against shore erosion by feeding
sand on the beach.
 Coastal Defences

 Barrier Islands
• Barrier islands are coastal landforms and a
type of dune system that are exceptionally flat
or lumpy areas of sand that form by wave and
tidal action parallel to the mainland coast.
 Self-closing flood barrier

• The self-closing flood barrier (SCFB) is a

flood defense system designed to protect
people and property from inland waterway
floods caused by heavy rainfall, gales or
rapid melting snow.
 Self-closing flood barrier

• The self-closing flood barrier (SCFB) is a

flood defense system designed to protect
people and property from inland waterway
floods caused by heavy rainfall, gales or
rapid melting snow.
Thank You 