Do Now: Inverse Functions

What is a function?

What is meant by the domain?

What is meant by the range?

LO- Mid Points and Gradients
Ks5
IB Syllabus Link
Learner Attribute Focus: Exchange rates and price and income
elasticity, demand and supply curves
To be able to analyze geometric
problems involving linear
(economics); graphical analysis in
equations and graphs. experimental work (sciences)

IB Command words and key

language:
Mid point, Coordinates, Gradient,
TOK Link: Cartesian plane, Parallel,
Descartes showed that geometric
perpendicular.
problems could be solved
algebraically and vice versa. What
does this tell us about mathematical
representation and mathematical
knowledge? International Mindedness:
Gradients of mountain roads,
gradients of access ramps.

Want to know the latest?

Follow us… Twitter @GEMS_WSO | Facebook GEMSWSO
Distance between two points
Test your understanding

- Use this to determine your starting point.

Round to two d.p.

Test your understanding

- Use this to determine your starting point.

Midpoints
Test your understanding

- Use this to determine your starting point.

Test your understanding

- Use this to determine your starting point.

Extension question
Do Now
(Consolidate)

Think about
what skills are
required to
answer this
question.
Discuss with
your table.

Look back in
your book to
help you.

What could
you do to get
the first
mark? Where
are you going
from there?
What do you think this is?

How many different areas of mathematics can you

link it to?
What do you think this is?

How many different areas of mathematics can you

link it to?
How many different areas of mathematics can you link it to?
Considering yesterday’s lesson what do you think we are linking it to?
Considering yesterday’s lesson what do you think we are linking it to?

So what would you need to know?

What is the gradient of the
longest run?
LO- Gradients and Equations
Ks5
IB Syllabus Link
Learner Attribute Focus: Exchange rates and price and income
elasticity, demand and supply curves
To be able to analyze geometric
problems involving linear
(economics); graphical analysis in
equations and graphs. experimental work (sciences)

IB Command words and key

language:
Mid point, Coordinates, Gradient,
Cartesian plane, Parallel,
perpendicular.
TOK Link:
Descartes showed that geometric
problems could be solved
algebraically and vice versa. What International Mindedness:
does this tell us about mathematical Gradients of mountain roads,
representation and mathematical
gradients of access ramps.
knowledge?

Want to know the latest?

Follow us… Twitter @GEMS_WSO | Facebook GEMSWSO
Gradients
Recap of gradient
 
The steepness of a line is known as the gradient.
It tells us what changes by as increases by 1.

  Theequation of a straight
line is of the form:
Gradient
?
1 
The gradient is .
is the ‘y-intercept’.
Gradient using the Equation
 We can get the gradient of a line using just its equation.
Rearrange into the form (i.e. make the subject; the gradient is .

Examples Test Your Understanding

?
?
Gradient using the Equation
 We can get the gradient of a line using just its equation.
Rearrange into the form (i.e. make the subject; the gradient is .

 
1
?
Use test your 2
understanding to
chose your starting ?
point:
3

4 ?
 y
Suppose we just had two 4 (𝟑 , 𝟒 )
 

points on the line and

3
wanted to determine the
gradient, but didn’t want 2   hasincreased
to draw a grid. by 6.
1

x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-1

(  −𝟏 , −𝟐 ) -2

  has increased by 4.
-3

 So what -4doeschange by for   𝟔

𝒎= =𝟏
? .𝟓
each unit increase in ? 𝟒
 Gradient

What classic errors or misconceptions need to

be highlighted to avoid in them in the future.
Test your understanding

- Use this to determine your starting point.

Test your skill

- Use this to determine your starting point.

Think about the ‘test your skills’… where should you start?
 Big Question

What is the gradient of the longest run?

How will we model this question? What are the key measurements?
 Desmos

Plot these pairs on desmos and tell me what you notice about the relationship
between the lines:

https://www.desmos.com/calculator
Test your skills..
Parallel gradients are…

Perpendicular gradients…
https://dso.kognity.com/schoolstaff/app/ibdp-mathematics-applications-and-interpretation-
sl/book/functions/straight-lines/the-big-picture/?
source=Table%20of%20contents
Test Skills..
Another way

( 𝑥1 , 𝑦 1 )
(  𝑥 , 𝑦 )
  the previous questions, we’ve fixed a particular point on the line (let’s call
For
this . But we’d still get an equation in terms of and , representing all the points
that lie on the line.*

Can we use our approach before to find a more general equation for the line?

 
?

!  The equation of a straight line with

gradient and goes through is
Test Your Understanding
 A line passes through and . Determine the equation of the line in the form ,
where are integers.

 
Using the point :

?
Exercise 3: Independence – you choose your questions
1 Find
  the equation of the line with the
3  Find the equation of the line that goes
specified gradient which goes through the
through the following points, leaving
specified point, leaving your answer in the
form . your equation in the form .
a ?
b ? a ?
c ? b ?
d ? c ?
e ? d ?
Do the same, but leave your ?
f
equations in
the form where are integers. (I advise
2 using the other formula) 4  𝑦  Determine the
equation of this
line.
a ? 4  ?
b ?
c ?
𝑥 
d ? 9 
e ?
Exercise 3
5 A
  line passes through the points and .
a) Find the equation of the line in the form , where
are integers.
b) Hence determine the coordinate of the point
?
where the line crosses the -axis.
?

6 The line passes through the points and and

intercepts the -axis at the point . The line passes
through and . Determine the equation of the line in
the form .

?
A line passes through for some constant . Determine
7 the gradient of the line.

?
LO- To be able to find the equation of parallel and perpendicular
lines.
Recap
Determine the domain, range and type of function/mapping, use Desmos to
sketch the graph.
1 2 3
Function Function Function
Domain Domain Domain
Range Domain
Range ? ? Range ?
Type One-to-one Type One-to-one Range
Type One-to-one
Type One-to-one
4 Function 5 6 Function
Function
Domain
Domain Domain
Range Range ?
Range ?
? Type Many-to-one
Type One-to-one Type Many-to-one
Type Many-to-one
7 Function 8 9 Function
Function s.t.

Domain Domain
Domain
Range
Range ? Range
? Type Many-to-one Range ?
Not a function/many-
Type Many-to-one Type to-many
Type Not a function/many-
to-many
LO- To be able to find the equation of parallel and perpendicular
lines.
Ks5
IB Syllabus Link
Learner Attribute Focus: Exchange rates and price and income
elasticity, demand and supply curves
To be able to analyze geometric
problems involving linear
(economics); graphical analysis in
equations and graphs. experimental work (sciences)

IB Command words and key

language:
Mid point, Coordinates, Gradient,
TOK Link: Cartesian plane, Parallel,
Descartes showed that geometric
perpendicular.
problems could be solved
algebraically and vice versa. What
does this tell us about mathematical
representation and mathematical
knowledge? International Mindedness:
Gradients of mountain roads,
gradients of access ramps.

Want to know the latest?

Follow us… Twitter @GEMS_WSO | Facebook GEMSWSO
?
?
To be able to find the equation of a parallel or perpendicular line

1   line is goes through the point (9,10) and is perpendicular to another line with
A
equation . What is the equation of the line? More
? examples if
needed.
A line goes through the points and . A second line is perpendicular to and
2 passes through point B. Where does cross the x-axis?

?
Are the following lines parallel, perpendicular, or neither?
3

Neither. Gradients are and . But , not -1, so not perpendicular.

?
Test Your Application
1   line is goes through the
A 2  Determine the point .
point (4,7) and is  𝑦
perpendicular to another line
with equation . What is the
equation of the line? Put your
answer in the form , where 𝐴
 
are integers. 𝑦  =
− 1
2 𝑥+
4

?
 𝑥
 Equation of other line:

?
 Use the test your understanding to determine starting question: j

1 Are
  the following lines parallel, perpendicular 4  
or neither? Find the equation of the line which
Parallel ? passes through B, and is perpendicular to
Neither
Perpendicular
? the line passing through both A and B.

? ?
A line is parallel to and goes through the Line has the equation . Line goes
2 point . What is its equation? through the points and . Are the lines
5
parallel, perpendicular, or neither?
?
A line goes through the indicated point and is so perpendicular.
3 perpendicular to another line . Determine the
equation of in each case. ?
?
6
?
 𝑙

+5
?

3𝑥
 𝑦 =
?
 𝑥
? Determine
  the equation of the line .
?
Exercise 5 (On provided sheet)

7  𝑦 9 [AQA
  IGCSEFM June 2012 Paper 1 Q11]
is a kite.
 𝑦 =
−2
𝑥+  𝑙
4

 𝑥
Determine
  the equation of the line .
Known point on :

So equation of : ?

   a) Work out the equation of .

8
Find the equation of the line passing
through and is perpendicular to the ? of .
b) Work out the coordinates
line passing through and , giving Intersection of and
your answer in the form , where are
integers.

?
?
Exercise 5
N Suppose
  is the origin, and .
Prove that is a kite.
(Hint: you need to prove two things as part of this.)

a) Prove that is perpendicular to :

perpendicular.

b) Prove that where is the point of intersection of the two ‘diagonals’

and , i.e. the quadrilateral has a line of symmetry.

Equation of :
Equation of
?
and thus the kite has a line of symmetry.
Useful Websites are in
the following slides
 Helpful videos

https://corbettmaths.com/contents/

Search gradient but all these videos

will help this topic.
 Kognity
https://dso.kognity.com/schoolstaff/app/ibdp-mathematics-applications-and-interpretation-sl/
book/functions/straight-lines/the-big-picture/?
source=Table%20of%20contents
 
Putting in the form or
Sometimes a question might ask you to put your equation in a particular form.

 …Leave your answer in the form , where are integers.

 
1 We want whole numbers not fractions,

𝑦= ? 𝑥 − 2 so what should we do to both sides of

2? the equation?

 I tend to put everything on the side

that makes positive, but it doesn’t
hugely matter.

 …Leave your answer in the form , where are integers.

 
2
𝑦= 𝑥 +4
3?
 Checking to see if a point lies on a line
A point lies on a line if its coordinates satisfy the equation of the
line.

Does (3, -2) lie on the line with the equation 5x – 2y = 20?
Checking to see if a point lies on a line
 Checking to see if lines intersect
 A point lies on a line if its coordinates satisfy the equation of the
line.

Does the line meet the line ?

Exercise 6 – Mixed Exercises (On provided sheet)

1  Line passes through the points and . 4  a) Find the gradient of the line with
Line has the equation . Do the lines equation .
intersect?
but . Since , the lines are not parallel ?
and thus must intersect. b) Prove that and
? are perpendicular.
is the point and is the point .
a) Find the coordinates of the midpoint
2 of . ?
A line passes through the points and .
Find the equation of the line in the form:
b) Find the distance to 2 dp. 5 a)
b) where are integers.
?
Line has the equation and line the ?
?
equation . Find the coordinates of the Find the coordinates of the points where
point at which they intersect. crosses:
3 c) The -axis.
d) The -axis. ?
6

? ?
?
Exercise 6 – Mixed Exercises (On provided sheet)

7 [Edexcel] 8  𝑦

5 

𝑥 
4 

Determine
  the equation of this line,
putting your answer in the form ,
 is a square. and are points on the -axis. is where are integers.
a point on the -axis. is a straight line. The
equation of the line that passes through
the points and is . Find the length of ?
Point : . Point :
Equation of :
Therefore

?
Exercise 6 – Mixed Exercises (On provided sheet)

9   triangle consists of the points , and . is a right angle.

A
Determine the equation of the line passing through
and , leaving your answer in the form , where are
integers.

Gradient of line passing through :

Equation of :

Therefore:

Equation of :
?
 
To be able to apply to model real life