RAGHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AUTONOMOUS)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

Project members:- Project guide:

G. LOKESH HARINATH (163J1A0208) Dr. G. JOGA RAO, Ph.D
G. MOUNIKA (163J1A0205) Associate Prof & HOD
P. NAVYA (163J1A0210)
CH. MADAN RAMU NAIDU (163J1A0203)
CH. SAI KUMAR (173J5A0230)

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 MODELING AND DESIGN OF
SOLAR PV SYSTEM USING
MATLAB/SIMULINK

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OUTLINES
• Abstract
• Working of solar PV cell
• Types of solar panels
• Advantages and disadvantages of the types of solar
panels
• Equivalent solar circuit construction
• MATLAB model of solar PV cell And their outputs
• SIMULINK model of solar PV cell and their
outputs
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ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on a MATLAB/SIMULINK model of a photovoltaic
cell. This model is based on mathematical equations and is described
through an equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, a diode, a
series resistor and a shunt resistor. The developed model allows the
prediction of PV cell behavior under different physical and environmental
parameters. This program can also be used to extract the physical parameters
for a given solar PV module as a function of temperature and solar radiation.
Finally, experimental verifications are given to illustrate the feasibility and
effectiveness of the proposed topology and control method.

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 What is solar cell?
A solar cell (also known as a photovoltaic cell or PV cell) is defined as an
electrical device that converts light energy into electrical energy through the
photovoltaic effect. A solar cell is basically a p-n junction diode.

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 WORKING OF SOLAR PV CELL
In p-type semi conductor the fermi level is closer to the valency band
where as in N-type semiconductor the fermi level is closer to the
conduction band

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 Why Is silicon used in solar cell?

• Si comes from sand which is the most abundant

material on earth. If one want to commission a solar
power plant of 500 MW. Then tons of Si is required
which is feasible. This can not be thought with other
semi conducting materials as they have very limited
amount in earth crust.
• Si has a band gap of 1.1 which is reasonably good to
tap AM 1.5 solar spectrum which falls on earth.
• Si is non toxic.
• Crystalline Silicon is a very stable material.

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 TYPES OF PV PANELS
Most of the solar panel options currently available fit in one of three
types: 
• monocrystalline,
•  polycrystalline (also known as multi-crystalline)
•  Amorphous silicon solar layer

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 Monocrystalline solar panels

If you see a solar panel with black cells, it’s

most likely a monocrystalline panel. These cells
appear black because of how light interacts with
the pure silicon crystal.

While the solar cells themselves are black,

monocrystalline solar panels have a variety of
colors for their back sheets and frames. The
back sheet of the solar panel will most often be
black, silver or white, while the metal frames
are typically black or silver.

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 Polycrystalline solar panels
Unlike monocrystalline solar cells, polycrystalline
solar cells tend to have a bluish hue to them due to
the light reflecting off the silicon fragments in the
cell in a different way than it reflects off a pure
monocrystalline silicon wafer. 

Similarly to monocrystalline, polycrystalline panels

have different colors for back sheets and frames.
Most often, the frames of polycrystalline panels are
silver, and the back sheets are either silver or white.

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 Thin-film solar panels
As their name suggests, thin-film panels are
often slimmer than other panels.
There are adhesive thin-film solar panels that lie
as-close-as-possible to the surface of a roof, but
there are more durable thin-film panels that
have frames up to 50 millimeters thick.  
As far as color goes, thin-film solar panels can
come in both blue and black hues, depending on
what they’re made from. 
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 Advantages and Disadvantages of the
types of solar panels
Solar panel type Advantages Disadvantages

•High efficiency/performance
Monocrystalline •Higher costs
•Aesthetics

Polycrystalline •Low cost •Lower

efficiency/performance

•Portable and flexible •Lowest

Thin-film •Lightweight efficiency/performance
•Aesthetics

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 TYPES OF PV SYSTEMS
Based on the electric energy production, PV modules can be arranged into arrays
to increase electric output. Solar PV systems are generally classified based on
their functional and operational requirements, their component configurations. It
can be classified as:

1. Grid-Connected Solar PV System

2. Stand-Alone Solar PV System

3. PV-Hybrid Systems

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 Grid-Connected Solar PV System

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 Stand-Alone Solar PV System

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 PV-Hybrid Systems

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 Equivalent solar circuit construction

• In solar cells we obtain PV current because the charges flows in

semiconductor flows in the opposite direction
• PV cell acts as a diode ,so a diode is connected to the current source
• An external resistance is connected so as to maintain some voltage
through out the path
• There is an internal resistance inside the semiconductor of solar PV cell
which is in series with the load resistance and hence said to be as series
resistance.
• If any recombination of electrons and holes there would be resistance in
shunt to the load resistance.
Equivalent circuit solar cell
 Equations obtained from the Equivalent solar circuit

  𝑞( 𝑣 𝑙 + 𝑅 𝑠 𝐼 𝑙 )
 
𝐼 𝑑 =𝐼 𝑂 (𝑒
𝑞 𝑣𝑑
𝛾 𝐾𝑇
−1)
(
𝐼 𝑙 = 𝐼 𝑃h − 𝐼 𝑂 𝑒 𝛾 𝐾𝑇
−1 )
  𝛾 𝐾𝑇 𝐼 𝑝h − 𝐼 𝑙
𝐼 𝑃h − 𝐼 𝑑 =𝐼 𝐿
  𝑉 𝑙=
𝑞
ln
(
𝐼𝑜
+1 − 𝐼 𝑠 𝑅 𝑠
)
𝑞 𝑣𝑑
 
𝐼 𝑃h − 𝐼 𝑂 𝑒 ( 𝛾 𝐾𝑇 )
−1 =𝐼 𝑙

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 Solar panel construction

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MATLAB MODEL OF SOLAR PV CELL AND THEIR
OUTPUTS

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 SIMULINK MODEL OF SOLAR PV CELL AND THEIR OUTPUTS

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 PV curve VI curve

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 THANK YOU
Sir/Madam
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