FUNDAMETAL OF MATERIAL

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

AMIHAN JIM KINNETH

AROLA, NUR MOHAMMAD
AVENA, CARLO
 I. ENGINNERING II. STRUCTURE OF
MATERIAL MATERIAL
 CLASSIFICATION OF  ATOMIC STRUCTURE
MATERIAL  STRUCTURE OF MATERIAL
AND CERAMIC
 TYPES AND PROPERTIES
 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
OF MATERIAL
 NON-CRYSTALLINE
MATERIAL
 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS
 DEFECTS AND DISLOCATION
 INTERFICIAL EFFECT
 VOLUME DEFECT
 INTRODUCTION
What is material science?
 A branch of science that focuses on materials; interdisciplinary field composed of physics
and chemistry.
 relationships of material properties to its composition and structure

What is material scientist?

 a person who use his combined knowledge of physics, chemistry and metallurgy to exploit
property- structure combination and practical use

Definition of material of engineering

 Material of engineering refers to selecting the correct materials for the
application in which engineered part is being used
 CLASSESS OF MATERIALS

 Metals
 Polymers
 Ceramics
 Composites
 Semiconductors
 Biomaterials
 What are materials?

What do we mean when we say “materials”?

1. Metals 2. Ceramics 3. Polymers 4. Composites

- aluminum - clay - polyvinyl chloride - wood
- copper - silica glass (PVC) - carbon fiber resins
- steel (iron alloy) - alumina - Teflon
- nickel - quartz - various plastics - concrete
- titanium - glue (adhesives)
- Kevlar

semiconductors (computer chips, etc.) = ceramics, composites

nanomaterials = ceramics, metals, polymers, composites
 Metal
 In chemistry, a metal is defined as an element with a valence of 1,2 or 3.
 All metals posses metallic properties such as luster, opacity, malleability,
ductility and electrical conductivity.
 Typical examples of metallic materials are iron, copper, aluminum, zinc
etc., and their alloys.
 Properties:
Electrically conductive (free electrons)
Thermally conductive
High strength – large capacity to carry load over x-section area (stress)
Ductile – endure large amounts of deformation before breaking.
Magnetic – ferromagnetism, paramagnetic
Medium melting point
 Polymers
Polymers are organic substances and derivatives of
carbon and hydrogen.
They are known as plastics
Most plastics are light in weight and are soft as
compared to metals.
They posses high corrosion resistance and can be
molded into various shapes by application of heat and
pressure.
Typical examples of polymers are polyesters,
phenolics, polyethylene, nylon and rubber.
 Ceramics

A ceramic can be defined as a combination of one or

more metals with a non-metallic element.
Metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides and silicates
are considered as ceramics.
These are characterized by high hardness, abrasion
resistance, brittleness and chemical inertness, and are
poor conductors of electricity.
Examples of ceramics include refractories, glasses,
abrasives, and cements.
 Composites

A composites is a combination of two or more

materials that have properties different from its
constitutes.
Typical example of composites are wood, clad metals,
fibre glass, reinforced plastics, cemented carbides, etc.
Composites as class of engineering materials provide
almost an unlimited potential for high strength,
stiffness, and corrosion resistance over the ‘pure’
material systems of metals, ceramics and polymers.
 Semiconductors
have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical
conductors and insulators. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of these
materials are extremely sensitive to the presence of minute concentrations of
impurity atoms, which concentrations may be controlled over very small
spatial regions.
◦ computer chips
◦ memory storage devices
◦ solar cells
◦ image screens
 Biomaterials
are employed in components implanted into the human
body for replacement of diseased or damaged body
parts. These materials must not produce toxic substances
and must be compatible with body tissues (i.e., must not
cause adverse biological reactions). All of the above
materials—metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and
semiconductors—may be used as biomaterials
Properties of materials

Mechanical properties of materials

Strength, Toughness, Hardness, Ductility,
Elasticity, Fatigue and Creep

Physical properties
Density, Specific heat, Melting and boiling point,
Thermal expansion and conductivity,
Electrical and magnetic properties

Chemical properties
Oxidation, Corrosion, Flammability, Toxicity, …