Mixtures and

Substance
 Mixtures

a combination of two or more substances

that do not combine chemically, but remain
the same individual substances
can be separated by physical means.
Two types:
a) Heterogeneous
b) Homogeneous
 Heterogeneous Mixture
 “Hetero” means different
 consists of visibly different
substances

Example
• Pakbet
(mixture of different vegetables, meat and
seasonings)
 Homogeneous Mixture
or Solution
 “Homo” means the same
 has the same appearance and
composition throughout
 maintain one phase
Example:
Carbonated Drink (Coca- Cola)
 Solutions have 2 parts:

Solvent Solute
 the substance in the  the substance in the
larger amount that smallest amount and the
dissolves the solute one that dissolves in the
 Water ( universal solvent
solvent)
Example of Solution

Vinegar
Liquid
 5% acetic acid
Liquid
 95% water
Example of Solution
Carbonated
Drinks
Gas
 carbon dioxide
Liquid
 water
Example of Solution
Air
 78%: Nitrogen Gas
Gas
 22%: oxygen,
carbon dioxide,
other gases
 Solubility
maximum amount of solute
that dissolves in a given
amount of solvent at an specific
temperature.
Factors That Affect the
Rate at Which
Substances Dissolve
A.Particle Size
small particles will dissolve easily than larger
ones
B. Stirring
stirring distributes solute through the solution
causing the solute more rapidly.
C. Increase in Temperature
Increasing temperature speeds up dissolution
D. Concentration of the Solutions
Solute dissolves faster in a saturated solution
while solute dissolves slower in unsaturated solution
 Concentration of
Solutions
amount of solute dissolved in a given
amount of solvent.
A.Dilute and Concentrated Solutions
expressing the relative amount of solute present.
Dilute Solutions contains small amount of dissolved
solute
Concentrated Solutions contains large amount of
dissolved solute

a. 100ml of water and Dilute

20grams of salt
b. 100ml of water and Concentrated
50grams of salt
B. Unsaturated and Saturated
Solutions
expressing the amount of solute
and solvent in a solution
Saturated Solution amount of
solute and solvent are in balance.
Unsaturated less amount of solute
than a saturated solution
 Saturated
• Only 36 grams of sodium chloride can be dissolved
in a 100 grams of water at 20 degree Celsius
• Only 204 grams of sugar can be dissolve in 100
grams of water at 20 degree Celsius

Unsaturated
• 15 grams of sodium chloride can be dissolved in a
100 grams of water at 20 degree Celsius
• 123 grams of sugar can be dissolve in 100 grams
of water at 20 degree Celsius
Substance
 matter that has a fixed (constant)
composition and unique properties
 can’t be separated by physical
mean
1)Element
2)Compound
Types of Substance
1)Element
only 1 type of atom
Can’t be decomposed
ordinary chemical means
Periodic Table of
Elements
 Types of Substance
2) Compound
2 or more CHEMICALLY
combined elements (not easily
separated from each other)
Can’t be decomposed by
ordinary chemical means
Example of Compounds
Water
 2 molecules of H
 a molecule of O
Example of Compounds
Carbon Dioxide
 A molecule of C
 2 molecules of O
Example of Compounds
Ferrous Oxide
 a molecules of Fe
 a molecule of O
Example of Compounds
Sodium Chloride
 a molecule of Na
 a molecule of Cl
Summary!
Matter

Can it be separated by
Yes physical means? No
Mixture Substance
Yes No
Does the mixture Can it be
consists of visibly decomposed by
different
substances? ordinary chemical
means?
Yes No No Yes
Heterogeneous Homogeneous Element Compound
Brainstorm!
How should we handle
mixtures and substances at
home to avoid injuries?
 Mixture
Preparation
(Tinimbang ngunit kulang!)
Prepare a Mixture!
Follow the instructions and prepare what is
instructed.
• Prepare a mixture of sand and water weighing 50
grams.
• Prepare a mixture of stone and soil weighing 120
grams.
• Prepare a mixture of vinegar and water weighing
10 grams.
• Prepare a mixture of vinegar and sugar weighing
15 grams.
***QUIZ***
Instructions:
Write HR if the mixture is
heterogeneous and HM if it is
homogeneous.

1.Vinegar
2.Halo-halo
3.Mixture Water and Sugar
4. Buko Salad
Instructions:
Write E if the substance is an
element and C if it is compound .

1.Rust
2.Nitrogen
3.Potassium
4. Water
5. Carbon Monoxide
***END***