Learning Theories in

Instructional Design

Nurul Afini binti Che Zaiwai (17Be010161)

 Cognitivism

 Cognitivist: Jean Piaget, Bloom,

Bruner, and David Ausubel.
 Emphasis on the learners and their
mental process on how the learners
organize their knowledge.
 Also known as cognitive-information
processing learning theory.
 According to CIP -> a human is
conceived to be a processor of
information in much the same way a
computer is.
Information
Three basic components of
Processing Model 
memory : sensory memory,
short-term memory, and
long-term memory
 When learning occurs,
information is input from
the environment, processed
and stored in memory, and
output in the form of a
learned capability.
 Information
Processing Model of
 The sensory input associated
with vision (visual), Human Learning
hearing (auditory), touching
(tactile/kinaesthetic).
 Short-term memory (STM),
functions as a temporary
working memory.
 Long-term memory (LTM)
represents the permanent
storehouse of information.
 The examples and applications of
Cognitivism learning theory

 Classifying or chunking  Analogies

information  Imagery/ providing pictures
 Linking concepts  Mnemonics
 Providing structure
 Discussions

 Problem solving
The practice of Cognitivism learning
theory approach in teaching and learning

a. Inquiry learning
> Investigating an issue or
formulating & testing a hypothesis.
> Focus on help students develop
their high-order thinking skills.
b. Discovery learning
> Students exploring and
manipulating objects, or performing
> Encourage students to discover
principles and important
relationships.

C. Problem-based learning
> Students find solutions to
solve an issue or real-life problem.
> Encourage students to think
critically.
Strength & Weakness
Strengths
 Improves comprehension
 Develops problem-solving
skills
 Promotes long-term memory
 Improves confidence
Weaknesses
 The learner learns a way to
accomplish a task, but it may
not be the best way, or suited
to the learner or the situation.
For example, logging onto the
internet on one computer may not
be the same as logging in on
another account.