CASAP

The Beginning of an Enchanting

Literary Journey
ADRIAN G. CAPILI, LPT
CASAP Marikina

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What is literature?

• Literature is defined as written (spoken) works,

especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic
merit. (Google)

• Literature is defined as writings having excellence of

form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent
or universal interest. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

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What is literature?
• Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of
written works. More restrictively, literature is writing
that is considered to be an art form, or any single
writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value,
often due to deploying language in ways that differ from
ordinary usage. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura
(derived itself from littera: letter or handwriting) was
used to refer to all written accounts, though
contemporary definitions extend the term to include
texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature).
(Wikipedia)
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What is literature?

• It is the enduring expression of a significant human

experience in words well-chosen and arranged.

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2 Major Classifications
of Literature

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2 Major Literary Classifications
Prose- It is one of the two major classifications of
literature which is written in the pattern of ordinary
spoken language and within the common flow of
conversation. It is derived from the Latin word prosa
which means ‘straightforward’.

Poetry- a major classification of literature in which

special intensity is given to the expression of feelings
and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm

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Types of Literature
under Prose

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Fiction
o Short Story
o Novel o Folktale
o Myth o Fairytale
o Legend o Fable
o Parable

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Nonfiction
o Biography
o Autobiography
o Diary
o Journal
o Letter

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Types of Literature
under Poetry

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Narrative Poetry
o Epic
o Ballad
o Metrical Romance
o Metrical Tale

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Lyric Poetry PETRARCHAN SONNET SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET

 Also known as the Italian  Also known as the English

o Ode sonnet sonnet

o Elegy  Has 2 stanzas which contain

one octave and one sestet
 Has 4 stanzas which contain
three quatrains and one
o Sonnet respectively couplet

o Song  Employs the rhyme scheme  Employs the rhyme scheme

ABBAABBA CDECDE (or ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
CDCDCD)

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Dramatic Poetry
o Comedy
o Tragedy
o Farce
o Melodrama

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7 Literary Standards

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Permanence
An important feature of great literature is that it
endures. Classic literature such as Dickens is still
enjoyed by readers today, generations after it was
originally written and in a completely different world to
the one it was intended for. This is extremely important
because if a work of literature is not enjoyed 20 years
after publication, it will simply be forgotten.

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Universality
This is similar to endurance in the fact that literature
must appeal to a range of people across different age
groups, nationalities, cultures and beliefs.

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Artistry
Literature should be well written and appeal to our
creative sides with beautifully crafted phrases and
sentences. Sentences such as these are often
memorized and can become famous phrases. This is a
quality which appeals to our sense of beauty.

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Style
The writer of literature will usually have a unique view
of the world and will put thoughts to us in a way we
have never considered. It may be thoughts about the
world or it may simply be thoughts about the actual
words used. Words may be used in a creative and
unusual way that is entertaining and interested.

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Intellectual Value
Literary work will usually inform us about our past, our
present or the world around us. It may not be in the
form of facts and figures but it will help us understand
our lives and realize truths about humanity and life in
general. Literature should mentally stimulate us and
enrich our thoughts.

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Suggestiveness
Literature should carry many associations that lead
beyond the surface meaning. Underlying suggestions
usually carry an enormous amount of emotional power,
often because it is not directly mentioned but hinted at
through associations that can often be more powerful.
The reader is left to establish what the author is
suggesting and this captures the reader's imagination by
making think about what they are reading and engaging
them into the story.

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Spiritual Value
Great works of literature are often thought to have an
underlying moral message that can potentially make us
better people. Moral values are often written between
the lines and can help us become better people.

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Literary Models

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3 Literary Models
The study of literature appeals in different aspects and
importance. Some of the noted ones include:

1. Cultural Model- literature aims to understand and

appreciate cultures and ideologies different from one’s own
time and space.
2. Language Model- literature aims to promote language
development like vocabulary and structure.
3. Personal Growth Model- literature aims to help one
achieve lasting pleasure and deep satisfaction in reading.

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Functions of
Literature

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Functions of Literature
o Entertainment
o Socio-political o Linguistic
o Ideological o Cultural
o Moral o Educational
o Historical

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Why is literature
Important?

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