Passive Voice

Ms.
 What is Passive Voice?
Passive Voice adalah suatu bentuk kalimat dimana
subjek kalimat menerima aksi, bukan melakukan
aksi.

Tidak seperti active voice yang fokus terhadap pihak

yang melakukan aksi (doer of action), bentuk ini
lebih berfokus kepada pihak atau objek yang
menerima hasil dari suatu aksi tersebut (receiver of
action). 2
 My parents plant some flowers
(Pelaku aksi)
Active
Orang tua saya menanam beberapa bunga
Some flowers are planted by my parents
(Penerima aksi)
Passive
Beberapa bunga ditanam orang tua saya

NOTE:
Umumnya, kalimat aktif yang bisa ditransformasi menjadi kalimat pasif berbentuk
kalimat aktif yang mengandung transitive verbs (kata kerja yang memerlukan objek
langsung) seperti make, bring, buy, write dan sebagainya. Sebaliknya, kalimat pasif
yang mengandung intransitive verbs (kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan objek
langsung) seperti cry, swim, go, arrive, dan die tidak bisa diubah menjadi kalimat
pasif.

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The General Formula of
Passive Voice
 Simple Present Tense
Active Subject + Verb 1+ s/es + Object
She eats a burger.
Passive Subject + to be (is, am, are) + Verb 3 + by +
the doer
A burger is eaten by Her.

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 Present Continuous Tense

Active Subject + to be (is, am, are) + Verb + ing + Object

He is studying Chemistry.
Passive Subject + to be (is, am, are) + being + Verb 3 + by +
the doer
Chemistry is being studied by Him.

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 Simple Past Tense
Active Subject + Verb 2 + Object
They played basketball last night.
Passive Subject + to be (was, were) + Verb 3 + by +
the doer
Basketball was played by them last night.

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 Past Continuous Tense
Active Subject + to be (was, were) + Verb + ing + Object
The cat was chasing the mouse.
Passive Subject + to be (was, were) + being + Verb 3 + by
+ the doer
The mouse was being chased by the cat.

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 Simple Future Tense
Active Subject + Will + Verb 1 + Object
I will sign the document.
Passive Subject + Will + be + Verb 3 + by + the doer
The document will be signed by me.
Active Subject + to be (is, am, are) + going to + Verb 1 + Object
Patrick is going to build a new house.
Passive Subject + to be (is, am, are) + going to + be + Verb 3 + by
+ the doer
A new house is going to be built by Patrick.
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 Present Perfect Tense
Active Subject + has/have + Verb 3 + Object
My mother has made delicious cookies.
Passive Subject + has/have + been + Verb 3 + by + the
doer
Delicious cookies have been made by my
mother.

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 Past Perfect Tense
Active Subject + had + Verb 3 + Object
My uncle had fixed the car .
Passive Subject + had + been + Verb 3 + by + the doer
The car had been fixed by my uncle.

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 Summary of the Formula
Subject + to be (am/is/are) + past participle (pp)/verb 3
Tense Rumus Passive Voice Example of Passive Voice
Simple Present am/is/are + verb 3 is created

Present Continuous am/is/are being + verb 3 is being created

Simple Past was/were + verb 3 was created

Past Continuous was/were being + verb 3 was being created

Present Perfect has/have been + verb 3 has been created

Past Perfect had been + verb 3 had been created
Simple Future will be + verb 3 will be created

Future Continuous am/is/are going to be + verb 3 is going to be created

Future Perfect will have been + verb 3 will have been created

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 The Usage of Passive Voice with Example
My money has been stolen.
a) Ketika pelaku aksi (doer of action) tidak diketahui Dalam contoh passive voice ini, pembicara tidak mengetahui siapa
yang mencuri dompetnya.

b) Ketika pelaku aksi (doer of action) sudah jelas dan tidak perlu Wheat is grown in Karawang.
disebutkan Dalam contoh ini, sudah sangat jelas bahwa petani adalah pelaku
  aksi atau orang yang menanam gandum.
Mistakes were made.
c) Ketika tidak ingin memberitahukan siapa pelaku aksi (doer of
Dalam contoh ini, pembicara tidak mau memberitahu siapa yang
action)
melakukan kesalahan.

Transjakarta is used as an alternative means of transportation

d) Ketika pelaku aksi (doer of action) adalah semua orang to avoid traffic jam.
(people in general) Dalam contoh ini, pelaku aksi adalah semua orang karena
transjakarta dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat luas.

Mr. Han caught Ari cheating on the test. Ari was given
punishment immediately.
e) Ketika pelaku aksi telah disebutkan pada kalimat sebelumnya
Dalam contoh passive voice ini, Mr. Han sebagai pelaku aksi
(apabila terdapat di suatu paragraf)
sudah disebutkan sebelumnya sehingga tidak perlu ditambahkan
pada kalimat kedua.
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Namun, sebenarnya kita dapat memasukkan pelaku aksi jika informasi
tersebut sangat penting atau dalam kondisi sebagai berikut :

a) Ketika terdapat informasi baru (kalimat
kedua).
b) Ketika mengetahui nama jelas pelaku aksi
atau pelaku aksi adalah orang terkenal.
c) Ketika identitas pelaku aksi sangat
mengejutkan atau tidak dikira-kira.
Bottled water comes from mountain water. It is
produced by water company.
Siti Nurbaya was written by Marah Roesli.
 
It is hard to believe that this beautiful jazz
melody was composed by an eight-year-old.

NOTE:
Perlu diingat bahwa kalimat pasif dianggap lebih formal daripada kalimat aktif. Oleh
karena itu, kalimat pasif umumnya digunakan dalam penulisan seperti penulisan ilmiah,
laporan teknis, dan artikel koran. Jarang digunakan pada percakapan sehari-hari.
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 Thank you!
Presented by
Ms. Renanda N. Bilianti, S. Pd

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