ENGINEERING SURVEYS

INTRODUCTION
CE 1201 Engineering Surveying (COURSE OUT LINE)
• Objective To enable students to understand theory and practice of
land surveying. To develop skills to use modern survey instruments.
• Content Introduction to land surveying, definitions of basic surveying
terms, branches and their application. Instruments used.
• Techniques: Distance measurement techniques, Theodolite and its
Types, Traversing and Triangulation, Tachometry, Plane Table
Surveying.
• Modern Methods in Surveying: Principles of EDMI Operation, EDM
Characteristics, Total Stations, Field procedures for Total Stations in
Topographic Surveys, Construction layout using Total Stations.
• Leveling and Contouring: Reduction of levels, adjustments of levels,
precise leveling. Methods and applications of contouring.
• Surveying Drafting and Computations: Maps and Plans, Plotting,
Contour Maps, Profiles, Cross- section, Computations of area and
volumes by graphical analysis and use of surveying software.
• Computation of areas and volumes by various methods.
• Field Work: Horizontal and Vertical control, Construction Surveys,
Railways, Highways, Pipelines and other infrastructures. Layout of
buildings and structure.
Books Recommended
• 1.Wolf P.R. & Ghilani C. D. Elementary Surveying – An introduction to
Geomatics, 11Pth P Edition, Prentice Hall, USA, 2004.
• 2.Kavanagh, B. Surveying principles and Application, Prentice Hall
(Latest Edition)
• 3.Irvine, W. Surveying for Construction, McGraw Hill (Latest Edition
• 4.Davis, R.E. Surveying Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill (Latest Edition)
• 5.Russell, P.W. and Brinker, C. , Elementary Surveying, Harper
Collins(Latest Edition)
• 6.James M. Anderson and Edward M. Mikhail, Introduction to Surveying,
International Student Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company
Chain surveying is considered to be
the simplest method of surveying in
which measurements are taken in the
field and other supplementary works
like plotting calculations are carried
out in office. The measurements in
chain surveying are linear- angular
measurements are not considered.
• Moreover, it provides fairly accurate result provided
that the work is conducted carefully.
• Chain surveying is suitable for small areas with few
details. Tools and equipments required include chain,
tape, ranging rod, arrows and, sometimes, a cross
staff.
• In this type of surveying, survey stations (main
stations, tie or subsidiary stations) shall be specified
carefully otherwise the outcome of the surveying
process may not be accurate.
Applicability of Chain Survey
Obviously, chain surveying cannot be used in all cases. It can be used if
the area under consideration meets the following conditions:
• The area shall be fairly small.
• The ground is moderately levelled.
• The area needs to be open.
• The ground has few and simple details.
Chain Surveying
Chain Survey Tools
• Chain
• Tape
• Ranging-Rod
• Arrows
• Cross staff
Ranging Rods Pegs for Chain Surveying
Chain Survey Procedures
• Firstly, inspect the area to be surveyed and prepare key plan. This
stage is termed as reconnaissance phase.
• Then, mark stations using suitable means such as fixing ranging poles,
driving pegs, and digging and fixing a stone.
• After that, specify the way for passing the main line which should go
through the center of the field.
• Fix ranging road on stations
• Then, the chaining can begin.
• Make ranging wherever necessary.
• Measure the change and offset and record them.