EECI 2232

ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1B
EECI 2232 Engineering Surveying 1B 60hrs, 1.25 units

• EECI 2232 Engineering Survey IB

• Topographical surveys: definition and scope; specification and accuracy levels; types
and selection of instruments; control; presentation and interpretation of
topographical surveys; application. Principle and techniques for setting out surveys;
accuracy requirements and sources of errors; provision of controls for setting out;
setting out for planning and development of infrastructure and construction of
engineering structures; processing and analysis of setting out data. Introduction to
Modern surveying techniques and equipments: EDM and total stations; satellite
positioning; RADAR and LIDAR imaging; Fundamentals of satellite orbits and orbital
motion. Descriptions of the various systems for positioning with satellites; GPS,
GLONASS, Galileo, and GNSS. Methods for positioning with satellites; single point,
static relative, real-time kinematic, and differential positioning techniques. Areas of
application of satellite positioning systems. Practical field observations.
Introduction
• Surveying to a majority of Engineers, is the process of measuring
lengths, height differences and angles on site either for the
preparation of large scale plans or in order that engineering works can
be located in their correct positions on the ground.
• The correct term for this is Engineering Surveying and it falls under
the general title of Land Surveying.
The Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors
Categories
• General Practice
• Building Surveying
• Quantity Surveying
• Agriculture and land agency
• Minerals Surveying
• Planning and Development
• Land Surveying
Building Surveying
• The building Surveyor offers a specialist service on all matters relating
to construction; for example, the restoration of old buildings and the
construction of new building maintenance, the administration and
control of contracts, building law and regulations. Building Surveyors
carry out structural surveys and provide services to the general public,
commerce and industry and public authorities
Quantity Surveying (QS)
• The quantity Surveyor Is an expert in the financial, contractual and
communication aspects of the construction industry and is the
impartial link between the client, the architect, the engineer and the
builder. The Quantity Surveyor controls the cost of constructing a
building, a road or a complex engineering installation, for example,
from the design stage to final completion of the contract. The QS is
responsible for the contractual negotiation, for monitoring the
progress of construction and agreeing the final account.
What is FIG?

• FIG was founded in 1878 in Paris and was known as the

Fédération Internationale des Géomètres.
• This has become anglicized to the International Federation of
Surveyors.
• It is a UN-recognized non-government organization (NGO),
representing more than 120 countries throughout the world,
and its aim is to ensure that the disciplines of surveying and
all who practice them meet the needs of the markets and
communities that they serve.
FIG’S Definition of a surveyor
The FIG definition of a surveyor is:
• A professional person with the academic qualifications and
technical expertise to practice the science of measurement;
to assemble and assess land and geographic related
information; to use that information for the purpose of
planning and implementing the efficient administration of
the land, the sea and structures thereon; and to instigate the
advancement and development of such practices
Land Surveying
“Land Surveying” means the science and technique of acquiring,
creating, processing, managing, presenting, and dissemination of geo-
referenced spatial data above, on or below
the earth’s surface for purposes of land administration, spatial
planning, infrastructure development and maintenance, exploration
and mining and location based services and
includes geodetic surveying, aerial mapping, photogrammetry, remote
sensing, cadastral surveying, topographic mapping, digital mapping,
infrastructure survey, hydrographic surveying, mining survey,
cartography and spatial addressing.
Land Surveying
Categories
• Geodetic Surveying
• Topographical Surveying
• Photogrammetry
• Hydrographic Surveying
• Cadastral Surveying
• Engineering Surveying
Hydrographic surveys Role
• Measurement of tides
• Determination of bed depths
• Determination of scour, silting, and irregularities of the sea bed
• Determination of shore lines
• Establishment of the mean-sea level
• Preparation of navigation charts
• Measurements of discharge of rivers and streams.
• Determination of direction of currents to locate sewer fall
• Providing help in planning of projects like bridges, dams , reservoirs,
and harbours.
Cadastral Surveying
• Cadastral Surveying is the sub-field of Surveying that specializes in
the establishment and re-establishment of Real Property boundaries.
It is an important component of the legal creation of properties. A
cadastral surveyor must apply both the spatial-measurement
principles of general surveying and legal principles such as respect of
neighboring titles.
Scope of Engineering Surveying
• The term engineering surveying is a general expression for any survey
work carried out in connection with the construction of particular
engineering features, for example, roads, railways, pipelines, dams,
power stations, airports and so on. Its main purposes are as follows:
• To produce up-to date plans of the areas in which engineering
projects are built.
• To determine the necessary areas and volumes of land and materials
that may be required during construction.
Cont.
• To ensure that the construction is built in its correct relative and
absolute position on the ground.
• To record the final as-built position of construction including any
amendments.
• To provide permanent control points from which particularly
important projects can be surveyed, for example, monitoring the
faces of dams to check for any movement.
 Principles of Engineering Surveying
Logical step by step
1. Carry out a reconnaissance
2. Construct the points
3. Take field measurements
4. Calculate the positions of control points. Check both elevation and
plan position(coordinates)
5. If a plan is to be produced, additional field measurements are taken
to locate the existing features in the area. This is known as detail
surveying.
Cont.
• 6) If control points are to be used for setting out work , calculations
are undertaken to obtain relative angles and distances required to
establish the exact position of the engineering feature from control
points and the setting out is then undertaken.
• Additional drawings may be produced from field measurements if
cross sections , longitudinal sections or other plan information is
required. Further calculations may be carried out to obtain area,
volume or other information.
Scale
• All Engineering plans and drawing are produce at particular scales,
for example, 1:500,1:100 and so on
• A scale of 1:50 indicates that a line AB has Horizontal plan
length/horizontal ground length=1/50
• So if the line AB as measured on the plan = 16.2mm ,then horizontal
ground length AB=16.2x50=810 mm