Menstrual Cycle

Regala, Bianca Ysabelle M.

BSN II-B
RLE GROUP IV
Ovary
 An organ found in the female reproductive system that
produces an ovum. When released, this travels down
the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become
fertilized by a sperm or not.
Endometrium
 The layer of tissue lining the inside of the
uterus, consist of functional layer which is
subject to hormonal changes and is shed during
menstruation and a thin basal layer which feeds
the overlying functional layer.
What is Menstrual Cycle?
 Refers to the regular changes in the activities of
the ovaries and the endometrium that make
reproduction possible.
 The menstrual cycle contains 2 interconnected and
synchronized processes.
Ovarian Cycle
Uterine Cycle
OVARIAN CYCLE
 Centers the development
of the ovarian follicle and
the ovulation.
UTERINE CYCLE
 Also known as
Endometrial Cycle
 Centers the functional
endometrium that
thickens and shed as a
response to ovarian
activity.
Menstruation
 Menarche is the first menstrual period that happens at
early adolescence as part of the puberty age.
 After the menarche, menstrual cycle occurs on a
monthly basis, until she reaches menopausal period
where the ovarian function declines and stops the
period.
 Menstruation only pausing when a woman gets
pregnant.
Puberty

Menarche Menopause
MONTHLY MENSTRUAL CYCLE
 Usually varies at 20-35 days with an average of
28 days.
 Day one of the cycle begins at the first day of
menstruation.
OVULATION
 The process where the oocyte release from the
ovary usually occurs in the 14th day of the cycle
or 14 days before the first day of menstruation.

 2 Phases:
Pre-Ovulatory Phase
Post-Ovulatory Phase
Pre-Ovulatory Phase Post-Ovulatory Phase
 The first 14 days of the  14 days after ovulation.
cycle
15th-28th day of the
cycle
1st-14th day of the cycle
Post-ovulatory Pre-ovulatory Phase
Phase

Release of oocyte
Ovarian Follicular
 1st day of menstruation
 1st and 2nd week of the cycle

Hypothalamus
Gonadotropin – After puberty,
Releasing Hormone (GnRH) released
in pulses.

Determines
Follicle Stimulation Hormone
amount of FSH
(FSH)
and LH
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Menstrual Phase

Endometrial Lining
(Functional Layer)

Menstrual Perion
Proliferative Phase
The estrogen level is high

 Thickening of Endometrium
 Growth of Endometrial Glands
 Emergence of Spiral Arteries
Secretory Phase

 Spiral arteries grow longer

 Uterine glands secretes
more mucus
 After Day 15 the window
for fertilizationstarts to
close

Cervical mucus
thickens less
hospitable for sperm