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Hydrostatics by Calculus
Hydrostatics by Calculus
FURTHER APPLICATIONS
OF INTEGRATION
FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION
8.3
Applications to
Physics and Engineering
P gd
1000 kg/m 9.8 m/s 2 m
3 2
19, 600 Pa
19.6 kPa
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
P gd d
HYDROSTATIC FORCE AND PRESSURE
The height is 20 m.
The width is 50 m at the top and 30 m at the bottom.
HYDROSTATIC F AND P Example 1
We choose
xi* [xi–1, xi].
HYDROSTATIC F AND P Example 1
Hence,
wi 2(15 a )
2(15 8 xi )
1
2
*
46 xi *
HYDROSTATIC F AND P Example 1
Ai wi x (46 xi ) x
*
Fi Pi Ai
1000 gxi (46 xi ) x
* *
HYDROSTATIC F AND P Example 1
3 0
HYDROSTATIC F AND P Example 2
x2 + y2 = 9
HYDROSTATIC F AND P Example 2
Ai 2 9 ( yi ) y
* 2
HYDROSTATIC F AND P Example 2
di 62.5(7 yi )*
di Ai 62.5(7 yi* )2 9 ( yi * ) 2 y
HYDROSTATIC F AND P Example 2
Thus,
3
F 875 9 y dy
2
3
875 (3)
1
2
2
7875
2
12,370 lb
MOMENTS AND CENTERS OF MASS
m1d1 m2 d 2
LAW OF THE LEVER
d1 = x – x 1
d2 = x 1 – x
CENTERS OF MASS Equation 3
m1 ( x x1 ) m2 ( x2 x )
m1 x m2 x m1 x1 m2 x2
m1 x1 m2 x2
x
m1 m2
MOMENTS OF MASS
m1 x1 m2 x2
x
m1 m2
m x m x
i i i i
x i 1
n
i 1
m
m
i 1
i
Since mx M y and my M x ,
the center of mass ( x , y ) is the point
where a single particle of mass m would
have the same moments as the system.
MOMENTS & CENTERS OF MASS Example 3
My29 M x 15
x y 1
m 15 m 15
MOMENTS & CENTERS OF MASS Example 3
Therefore,
M y ( Ri ) f ( xi )x xi
xi f ( xi )x
CENTROIDS
M x ( Ri ) f ( xi )x 1
2 f ( xi )
f ( xi )
2
1
2 x
CENTROIDS
f ( x)
b
2
1
dx
a 2
CENTROIDS
mx M y and my M x
CENTROIDS
m A
b
f ( x) dx
a
CENTROIDS
b b
Thus, My xf ( x) dx xf ( x) dx
x a
b
a
b
m f ( x) dx
a f ( x) dx
a
M x f ( x) dx f ( x) dx
b 2 b 2
1 1
a 2 a 2
y b
b
m f ( x) dx
a f ( x) dx
a
1 b1
y 2 f ( x) dx
2
A a
CENTERS OF MASS Example 4
A r
1 1 r
2
1 2 2 r x dx
2 2
2 r r
r
2 2 2 x
3
0 r x dx r 2
r
2 2 2
r x
r 3 0
2 2r 3 4r
2
r 3 3
CENTERS OF MASS Example 4
2
cos x dx sin x 0
2
A
0
1
CENTROIDS Example 5
1
2 8
CENTROIDS Example 5
1 b
x x f ( x) g ( x) dx
A a
1 b1
y 2 f ( x) g ( x) dx
A a
2 2
CENTROIDS Example 6
Therefore,
1 1
A 0
1 11
A
2
x x f ( x ) g ( x) dx y 0 2 f ( x) g ( x) dx
2
1 1 1 11 2
1 2 ( x x 4 ) dx
1 x( x x ) dx
2
6
0
0
6 1
1 x x
3 5
6 ( x x ) dx
2 3 3
0 3 5 0
4 1 2
x x 13
6 5
3 4 0 2
CENTROIDS Example 6
1 2
The centroid is: ,
2 5
CENTROIDS
2 x f ( x) g ( x) dx
b
2 ( xA) (Formulas 9)
(2 x ) A
Ad
d 2 x is the distance traveled by the centroid
during one rotation about the y-axis.
THEOREM OF PAPPUS Example 7
V Ad
(2 R)( r ) 2
2 r R
2 2
THEOREM OF PAPPUS