Operation theatre

Team work – Chain of team work

Operation is successful but patient is death

because poor sterilization
 Team work
Two team
Sterile team – Surgeon, Assistant
Surgeon, Scrub
Unsterile team – Anaesthetist, Circulating
Nurse, Technician ( perfusionist,
Biomedical Engineering)
 Zones
Four Zones
 Zone (1) – Unrestricted Zone
- From ward to runner room
 Zone (2) – Semi-restricted Zone
- Runner room to changing room
 Zone (3) - Restricted Zone
- After changing room to operation room
 Zone (4) – Disposal Zone
- Instruments and equipment are cleaned
and biohazardous waste is disposed
 OT Attire (Dress)

• Need changing dress with head to toe for

reduce self protection
 OT Requirements
 Operation room for General Surgery ( for
Two Team)
20 ‘ 20‘’ 10‘ = 400
Operation room for Special Surgery (for
Three Team)
20 ‘ 30‘’ 10‘ = 600
 Big enough for free circulation
 Two openings
- Towards scrub area
- Towards sterile area
 Openings fitted with swing doors.
 Marble or polished stone flooring
 Glaze tiled walls
 No false ceiling
 Well ventilated
 Air circulation by positive pressure through High efficiency
particulate air filter ( HEPA) system (0.3ú)
 As per US Public Health services minimum requirement for OR
air are 25 changes hour , positive pressure compared with
corridors temperature between 18& 24º C humidity of 50 to
55%
 Operation table to be kept away from the entrance and head
end should be close to the sterile area
O.T WITH HEPA FILTER
 Instruments and Equipments
Operation table – comfortable position
Anaesthetic Machine & Gas Line
Tralley – patient tralley, Mayo’s, square,
over bag tralley
Celling Light – mobile light ( shadow less
and heat resistance)
Suction
Cautery – monopolar and bipolar (ESU)
BP Apparatus
Drip stamp
X- ray Box
Sterilizer – Boiler, Autoclave (Steam), Hot Air Oven
S.S Stool – mobile stool, fit stool, step stool
Instruments (critical instruments)
Instruments tray and pin
Equipments – cheatle forceps, BK, Jar, Long-tray,
Large.bowl
Ventilator, Defribulator, monitor
Infusion syringe
Soiled basin – kick basin
Mackintosh- table cover
Wall clock
White board
 Cup board
Extension box
Arm board
Sand bag, pillows
 Plastic container
 Anaesthetic Equipments – blade, ET.
Tube, guide (steel let), magay forceps,
gelly, syringe,stretho , ryle’s tube,
orropharyngeal airway, tape
Linen
 ST – surgical towel ( 30 30, 45 45, 60 60)
 Bed sheet
 Draw sheet
 Table sheet
 Split towel
 Skin towel
 Gown
 Turkish
 Abdominal pad or sponge
 Hand towel
 Blanket
 Legging
 Cautery Bag
 Camera Bag
 Dressing
Dip; syringe
Free needle
Drip set, blood set, scalp vein set
 I.V cannula ( various sizes)
 Plaster tape
 Cotton
 Gauze
 Bandage – roller, elastic , triangle bandage, T-
Bandage,
POP
 Solutions
Spinal Needle & Epidural Needle
Disp; Glove
 Surgical Glove ( Various Sizes)
 Surgical Powder, Ointment, TEO
 Surgical Blade
Sutures
 Needle ( free)
 Drainage tube
Catheter – urinary, suction, epidural, nasal
Urine bag
Ryle’s tube
 Liquid Paraflim
Glycerine
Sofratulle
3-ways ( stop cock)
 Extension