Department of Mechanical Engineering,

CECOS University of It and Emerging Sciences

Title: A Stable Multivibrator For Daily Useful Applications

Group Members
Dawood Khan CU-284-2018
Muhammad Ukasha CU-293-2018
Khizer Shakeel CU-295-2018

Supervisor: Enggr. Osama

Subject: Fundamentals Of Electronics (LAB)
what is multivibrator?
The name mutivibrator designates a group of the circuits widely applied for switching as shift registers or temporary
memories and as square were timing oscillator or clocks. These circuits are basically closed loop feedback circuits
operating with the feedback.

Types of multivibrators
There are three general types of multivibrators, which are:

The a stable or free running mutivibrator which has no stable states. It continuously switched between two limits without
application of an external signal it is a square wave oscillator.
The monostable or one shot multivibrator: it has one only stable state. It can be switched from stable state to the other, it
then returns to the first stable state after a time delay.
The bistable or flip flop. It has two stable states and can be triggered from one stable state to the other by external signal.
Uses of multivibrators
Some of the uses of multivibrators are:

They are used as a Frequency dividers

Used as a saw tooth generators
They are used as wave and pulse generators
They are used as standard frequency source
They are used in radar and tv circuits
They are also used as a memory elements in compute
What is meant by Astable multivibrator ?

The a stable or free running multivibrator continuously switching from one state to the other and back to the first state.
In other words it switches between two limits without application of an external signal. It is a square of rectangular
wave oscillator.
It is also called free running relaxation oscillator.It has no stable state but only has two half stable states between which
it oscillating.
In this circuit none of the two transistors reach at stable state.When one transistor is ON the other transistor is OFF and
in this way they continuously switch to and fro at a rate depending on RC time constant in circuit.In this way it oscillates
and generates pulses.Besides this two outputs of 180º are available.
It has two also two energy storing capacitors.
What is meant by One shot Or Mono State Multivibrator?

It has only one stable state. It can be switched from stable state to a quasi stable state by an
external signal, it then returns to the stable state after a time delay.
It is also known as single shot or one shot multivibrator. Other names of monostable
multivibrator are delay multivibrator and unimultivibrator.
It has one absolutely stable state and one quasi stable state.
It can be switched to quasi stable state by an external trigger but it returns to the stable
condition after delay time which is determined by the components of circuit.It supplies a
single out put pulse of desired duration for every input trigger pulse.
It has one capacitor as energy storing element.
Circuit design
 Applications a stable multivibrator
The a stable or free running multivibrator is used as a square wave frequency generator
As a timing oscillator or clock of a computer system.

It is also used for a flashing lights, switching and power supply circuits.

Bistable multivibrator applications

The bistable multivibrator or Flip Flop is of great importance in
digital operation in computers, digital communications.
It is also used for reversing to the supply to a given circuit or
change supply to two circuit at regular intervals.
Applications of mono stable multivibrator
The monostable multivibrator is used as delay and timing
circuits.
It is also used for temporary memories.
It is often used to trigger another pulse generator.
It is used for regenerating old and worn out pulses.
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