Power Plant Engineering

Snehal Pankaj Rai

Mechanical Engineering
Gramin Polytechnic Vishnupuri, Nanded
Content of todays lecture
● CANDU Reactor
● Heavy Water
● Fission reaction
● Working of CANDU Reactor
● Advantages of CANDU Reactor
● Disadvantages of CANDU Reactor
● Applications of CANDU Reactor

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CANDU Reactor
● CANDU stands for CANADA DEUTRIUM URANIUM.
● It is canadian – invented , heavy water reactor.
● It is a type of nuclear reactor thst uses natural uranium as fuel , heavy water as coolant as well as
moderator , which are kept sperate.
● Deteurium is primary element in heavy water, and uranium as fuel in these reactor , so the reactor
named so.
● ABOUT 21

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CANDU Reactor
● About 21% of the electricity produced by nuclear energy.
● A candu reactor requried about 460 to 592 metric tonnes of heavy water.
● There are 30 CANDU reactors in operation globally.
● As well, India developed the desgin and built 16 reactors that based on the CANDU desgin

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Location of CANDU Reactor
● As it is named after a country name Canada , so about 20 nuclear reactor of the CANDU desgin is
present in Canada.
● Other nations were these reactor is present are Argentia, China, South korea, Pakistan, and
Romania.
● In India the CANDU desgin reactor are present in 7 places:

1) Kaiga, karnatak - 880MW

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Location of CANDU Reactor
1. Kakrapur, Gujarat -1140MW
2. Kundakulam, Tamil Nadu – 2000MW
3. Madras, Tamil Nadu – 440MW
4. Narora, Uttar Pradesh – 440MW
5. Rajsthan – 1180MW
6. Trapura, Mahrashtra - 1400MW

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Heavy Water
● Heavy water is the common name of deuterium oxide.
● It is smiliar to ordinary water, except the hydrogen atom in each water molecules is replaced by
heavy hydrogen or deuterium.
● Heavy water is about 10% heavier than ordinary water.
● Deuterium is stable but rare isotopes of hydrogen containing one neutron and one proton in its
nucleus.

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Components of CANDU Reactor
1. fuel bundle
2. Reactor core
3. Adujster rods
4. Heavy water pressure reservior
5. Steam generation
6. Light water pump
7. Heavy water pump
8. Fuelling Machines

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Components of CANDU Reactor
1. Heavy water moderator
2. Pressure tubes
3. Steam going to steam turbines
4. Cold water returning from turbine
5. Containment bulding made of reniforced concrete.

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Working princple of CANDU Reactor
● In these reactor, neutrons emitted in the fission reaction are slowed down by the heavy water
which is used as moderator as well as coolant but kept seperately.
● Reactor is steel cylinder with horizontal axis and concentred by pressure tubes through which
heavy water is passed.
● The water absorbs the heat energy genrated by fission which is transferred to ordinary water
through the heat exchanger

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Working of CANDU Reactor
● The steam fall on turbine to convert KE into mechanical energy.
● As the turbine shaft is coupled to generator shaft and generator shaft is kept in magnetic field,
when the generator shaft is rotating the electricity is generated.

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Advantages of CANDU Reactor
● Enriched fuel is not requried .
● Less time is needed to construct the reactor.
● Heavy water is needed is used as moderator which has low fuel consumption.
● Moderator is kept at low temperature which increases its effectiveness in slowing down neutron.
● Cost of reactor vessels is less. Due to low working pressure be built.

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Disadvantages of CANDU Reactor
● Cost of heavy water is extermly high.
● Very high standard of design, manufacture , inspection and maintenance are requried.
● There are lekage problems.
● Power density is considerable low.

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Applications
● CANDU reactor is used for generating electric power.
● These reactors are more econamical to those nations which do not produce enriched uranium as
the enrichment of uranuim is very coslty.

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Summary
● CANDU reactor
● Heavy water
● Fission reaction
● Components of CANDU Reactor
● Working of CANDU Reactor
● Advantages of CANDU Reactor
● Disadvanrages of CANDU Reactor
● Applications of CANDU Reactor

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THANK YOU

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