PROBABILITY OF

SINGLE EVENTS
Prepared by: Teacher Heidemae Tabor
 LESSON PROPER

02 04

ABOUT THE SEATWORK

TOPIC

01 03

INVESTIGATION
EXAMPLES
 01
INVESTIGATION
 TOSSING A COIN 10 times
1. Are we certain whether the outcome is a “head” or a “tail” before a coin is
tossed?

2. Toss a coin 10 times. Record the outcome of each toss in the following
table.
Outcome Tally Number of Fraction of
“heads” or “tails” obtaining a
for 10 tosses “head” or a “tail”
Head
Tail
 TOSSING A COIN 10 times
2. Toss a coin 10 times. Record the outcome of each toss in the following
table.
Outcome Tally Number of Fraction of
“heads” or obtaining a
“tails” for 10 “head” or a
tosses “tail”

Head

Tail
 TOSSING A COIN 10 times
2. Toss a coin 10 times. Record the outcome of each toss in the following
table.

Outcome Tally Number of “heads” Fraction of

or “tails” for 10 obtaining a “head”
tosses or a “tail”
Head |||||| 6
Head |||||| 6
Tail |||| 4

Tail |||| 4
 TOSSING A COIN 20 times
2. Toss a coin 20 times. Record the outcome of each toss in the following
table.
Outcome Tally Number of Fraction of
“heads” or obtaining a
“tails” for “head” or a
10 tosses “tail”

Head

Tail
 TOSSING A COIN 20 times
2. Toss a coin 20 times. Record the outcome of each toss in the following
table.
Outcome Tally Number of “heads” Fraction of obtaining
or “tails” for 10 a “head” or a “tail”
tosses
Head |||||||||| 10
Tail |||||||||| 10
Tail |||||||||| 10
 COMPARISON
Outcome for 10 tosses Tally Number of “heads” or Fraction of obtaining a
“tails” for 10 tosses “head” or a “tail”
Head |||||| 6
Head |||||| 6
Tail |||| 4
Tail |||| 4

Outcome for 20 Tally Number of “heads” or Fraction of obtaining

tosses “tails” for 10 tosses a “head” or a “tail”
Head |||||||||| 10
Head |||||||||| 10
Tail |||||||||| 10

Tail |||||||||| 10
 02
ABOUT THE TOPIC
When a coin is tossed, if the chance of obtaining a “head” is the same as
the chance of obtaining a “tail”, we say that the coin is fair or unbiased.
When a coin is tossed, if the chance of obtaining a “head” is the same as
the chance of obtaining a “tail”, we say that the coin is fair or unbiased.

This means that for a fair coin, there are two equally likely outcomes, i.e.
obtaining a “head” and obtaining a “tail”.
When a coin is tossed, if the chance of obtaining a “head” is the same as
the chance of obtaining a “tail”, we say that the coin is fair or unbiased.

This means that for a fair coin, there are two equally likely outcomes, i.e.
obtaining a “head” and obtaining a “tail”.

 Thus,the chance of obtaining a “head” is 1 out of 2. We say that the

probability of obtaining a “head” is .
In general, in a probability experiment with m equally likely outcomes, if
k of these outcomes favor the occurrence of an event E, then the
probability, P(E), of the event happening is given by:
In general, in a probability experiment with m equally likely outcomes, if
k of these outcomes favor the occurrence of an event E, then the
probability, P(E), of the event happening is given by:

 
P(E ) = =
In general, in a probability experiment with m equally likely outcomes, if
k of these outcomes favor the occurrence of an event E, then the
probability, P(E), of the event happening is given by:

 
P(E ) = =

This is known as theoretical probability, the probability that is obtained

based on mathematical theory.
 03
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
i. a “7”
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
i. a “7”
 
SOLUTION:
P (E ) =
E = drawing a “7”
Total number of possible outcomes (m) = 12
Number of favorable outcomes = 1
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
i. a “7”
 
SOLUTION:
P (E ) =
E = drawing a “7”
Total number of possible outcomes (m) = 12
Number of favorable outcomes = 1

 
P (drawing a “7”) =
EXAMPLE 2
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
ii. an even number
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
ii. an even number
 
SOLUTION:
P (E ) =
E = drawing an even number
Total number of possible outcomes (m) = 12
Number of favorable outcomes =(2,4,6,8,10,12) = 6
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
ii. an even number
 
SOLUTION:
P (E ) =
E = drawing an even number
Total number of possible outcomes (m) = 12
Number of favorable outcomes =(2,4,6,8,10,12) = 6

 
P (drawing an even number) =
EXAMPLE 3
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
iii. a prime number
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
iii. a prime number
 
SOLUTION:
P (E ) =
E = drawing a prime number
Total number of possible outcomes (m) = 12
Number of favorable outcomes =(2,3,5,7,11) = 5
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
iii. a prime number
 
SOLUTION:
P (E ) =
E = drawing a prime number
Total number of possible outcomes (m) = 12
Number of favorable outcomes =(2,3,5,7,11) = 5

 
P (drawing a prime number) =
EXAMPLE 4
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
iii. a negative number
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
iii. a negative number
 
SOLUTION:
P (E ) =
E = drawing a negative number
Total number of possible outcomes (m) = 12
Number of favorable outcomes = 0
 PROBABILITY INVOLVING NUMBER CARDS

A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12 cards numbered 1,2,3,

…,12. Find the probability of drawing
iii. a negative number
 
SOLUTION:
P (E ) =
E = drawing a negative number
Total number of possible outcomes (m) = 12
Number of favorable outcomes = 0

 
P (drawing a negative number) =
 04
SEATWORK
HAVE A GREAT DAY! 
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