CALCULUS 1 WITH ANALYTIC

GEOMETRY

BSED - 2
LEARNING TARGETS
1. I can Determine the derivative of
transcendental functions

2. I can solve problems on implicit differentiation

What is transcendental function

Transcendental functions are function that are not

algebraic and hence, cannot be expressed as a solution
of a polynomial equation.
 Illustrative examples
Find the derivative of the following
trigonometric functions
 
 
1. 4.
   
2. 5.
   
3. 6.
 
Solution in Ex. 2.
 
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
 
′ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
𝑐𝑜 𝑠 𝑥
 
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )  
=
¿ 2
𝑐𝑜 𝑠 𝑥
   
= = se
  
Solution in ex. 3.
 
′ ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −1 ) 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +1 ) − ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +1 ) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 1)
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
( 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 1 )
 
=

2 2 2 2
 
𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑥
¿ 2
(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −1 )
 
=
 
Solution in ex. 4.
 
1
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
 
′ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 ( 1 ) −(1)𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
𝑐𝑜 𝑠 𝑥
 
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ( 0 ) −1 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )  
=
¿ 2
𝑐𝑜 𝑠 𝑥
   
= = sectanx
  
Solution in ex. 5.
  𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
 
′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) −(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 𝑥  
=
 
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
¿ 2
 
=
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 𝑥
 
=  
=x
  
Solution in ex. 6.
 
1
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
 
′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 (1 ) −(1) 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ( 0 ) −1( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
 
 
=-
¿ 2
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 𝑥
 
 
= =
Implicit Differentiation
Illustrative example: This is not a function,
but it would still be nice
x2  y 2  1 to be able to find the
slope.

d 2 d 2 d
x  y  1
dx dx dx

dy
2x  2 y 0 dy 2 x
dx 
dx 2 y
dy
2y  2 x dy x
dx 
dx y

2 y  x 2  sin y This can’t be solved for y.

d d 2 d
2y  x  sin y dy 2x
dx dx dx 
dx 2  cos y

dy dy
2  2 x  cos y
dx dx

dy dy
2  cos y  2x
dx dx

dy
 2  cos y   2 x
dx 
Find dy/dx if: y  4 y  x  3x
3 2 5 4

dy dy
3y 2
 8y  5 x 4  12 x 3
dx dx

dy
dx
 
3 y 2  8 y  5 x 4  12 x 3

dy 5 x 4  12 x 3

dx 
3y  8y
2

Find dy/dx if: sin y 2  cos x 2  cos y 2  sin x 2 Chain
Rule

 dy  2 dy 
cos y  2 y   sin x (2 x)   sin y  2 y   cos x 2 (2 x)
2 2

 dx   dx 

2 dy 2 dy dy x cos x 2  sin x 2 
2 y cos y  2 y sin y  2 x cos x 2  2 x sin x 2 
dx dx dx y  cos y 2  sin y 2 
dy
dx
 
2 y cos y 2  2 y sin y 2  2 x cos x 2  2 x sin x 2

dy 2 x cos x 2  2 x sin x 2

dx  2 y cos y 2  2 y sin y 2 
Find dy/dx if:
3 x 2  5 xy 2  4 y 3  8
Product
Rule! dy 2 dy
6 x  5 y  10 xy  12 y
2
0
dx dx

dy
dx
 
10 xy  12 y 2  6 x  5 y 2

dy  6x  5 y2


dx 10 xy  12 y 2 
 Find the equations of the lines tangent and normal to the curve
x 2  xyat y 2  7. ( 1, 2)

We need the slope. Since we can’t solve for y, we use implicit

dy
differentiation to solve for .
dx
x 2  xy  y 2  7 Note product rule. dy y  2 x

 dy  dy dx 2 y  x
2x   x  y  2 y 0
 dx  dx
dy
2x  x  y  2 y
dy
0 2  2  1 22 4
dx dx m  
2  2   1 4 1 5
dy
 2 y  x  y  2x
dx 
Find the equations of the lines tangent and normal to the curve
x 2  xyat y 2  7. ( 1, 2) Normal line is
perpendicular
4 to tangent
m tangent: normal:
5
4 5
y  2   x  1 y  2    x  1
5 4

4 4 5 5
y2 x y2   x
5 5 4 4

4 14 5 3
y  x y   x
5 5 4 4

Find derivative at (1, 1)
Product Rule is easier
than quotient rule, so

y x
2 3 let’s cross multiply!

x
y x
3 2

dy y3  6x2
y  x  xy  x
2 3 3 3


dx 2 y  3 xy 2 
dy 2 dy
2 y  3 x  3xy
2
 y 3  3x 2 dy (1)3  6(1) 2
dx dx 

dx 2(1)  3(1)(1) 2 
dy
dx
 
2 y  3 xy 2  y 3  6 x 2
dy  5
 5
dx  1
IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

AND RELATED RATES

EXAMPLE 1: Consider a right triangle which is
changing shape in the following way.
The horizontal leg is increasing at the rate of
5 in./min. and the vertical leg is decreasing at the rate of
6 in./min.
At what rate is the hypotenuse changing when the
horizontal leg is 12 in. and the vertical leg is 9 in. ?
Draw a right triangle with legs labeled x and y
and hypotenuse labeled z, and assume each edge
is a function of time t.

GIVEN:    dx/dt=5 in./min. 
and  dy/dt=−6 in./min.

FIND:    dz/dt when x=12 in.

and y = 9 in.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to get the equation
 
+ =
Now differentiate this equation with respect to time t getting
 
2x+2y=2z

 
x +y =z         (DE)
Now let x=12 and y=9 and solve for z using the
Pythagorean Theorem
 
+=   ⟶    =225   ⟶   z=15
 
x +y =z  

(12)(5)+(9)(−6)=(15)
 
 
 
6 = 15   

 
= =  in/min.