CHAPTER 4

INVERTER

(DC/AC Converter)
 INVERTER

Function:
Inverters are circuits that convert dc to ac. More precisely, inverters
transfer power
    from a dc source to an ac load.
Applications:
Inverters are used in applications such as:
-adjustable-speed ac motor drives, https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=yEPe7RDtkgo
-uninterruptible
power supplies (UPS),
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bj5KpFR_LPU
-and running ac appliances from an automobile battery,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3zWsywavjY
-Distributed
generation, microgrid, smartgrid,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzjBXlL7pgQ
HALF-BRIDGE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

• Switching function s1(t) and s2(t)

• S1 & S2: complementary switches
uL

s1  t   s2  t   1
U   Ud 
uL  t    d  1  
 s t    s2  t 
 2   2 
 HALF-BRIDGE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

Waveforms
   

uL
 HALF-BRIDGE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

Output Voltage (RMS Value) :

     2
1 Ud  Ud
Uz     dt 
 0 2  2
 0.5U d

Fourier analysis of output voltage:


2U d
uz   sin nt
n 1, 3, 5,... n
 HALF-BRIDGE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

Fundamental component :
n =1     

2U d
U z1   0.45U d
2

Total harmonic distortion coefficient :

U
n  2 , 3..
2
n
U z2  U z21
THD   100%   100%
U1 U z1
 FULL-BRIDGE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

   
u10

uL uL
u20

s1  s4  1
s2  s3  1
u L  u10  u20   s1  s3   U d
 FULL-BRIDGE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

Square wave full-bridge inverter:

   

is

iS1 io

vo

@ Daniel W.Hart
 FULL-BRIDGE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

Output Voltage (RMS Value) :


    1

2
Uz  U d dt  U d
 0

Fourier analysis of output voltage:


4U d
uz   sin nt
n 1, 3, 5,... n
THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

n
 THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

Complementary switches:
s1  s4  1
s3  s6  1
s5  s2  1

Line-to-line output voltages:

u12  u10  u20   s1  s3   U d
u23  u20  u30   s3  s5   U d
Phase output voltages:
u31  u30  u10   s5  s1   U d
u u U
u1n  12 31   2s1  s3  s5   d
3 3
u u U
u2n  23 12   2s3  s5  s1   d
3 3
u u U
u3n  31 23   2s5  s1  s3   d
3 3
 THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER
Six-step inverter

   
 THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

Six-step inverter

   
 THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

Output Voltage (RMS Value) :

2
Uz  Ud
3

Fundamental component :
n =1 
2
U z (1)  Ud

 PWM CONTROL METHOD

Pulse Width Modulation : Sin PWM

2.1. SINPWM
 PWM CONTROL METHOD

Pulse Width Modulation : Sin PWM

2.1. SINPWM

U m (1)  MU d
PWM CONTROL METHOD
 PWM CONTROL METHOD

Triangular Carrier Generator

 PWM CONTROL METHOD

Sine Wave Reference Generator

 PWM CONTROL METHOD

3-phase SinPWM
3-PHASE SINPWM
3-PHASE SINPWM
 3-PHASE SINPWM

Ud
U m (1) M
2