ENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECT OF
PHYSICAL
CHANGES IN
MATTER
CHAPTER 2
 WE CAN MAKE
THINGS BEAUTIFUL
BY CHANGING IT
PHYSICALLY.
Have you been to Paete Laguna?
This place is a favorite spot for both local and foreign tourists. It is
recognized as the Carving Capital of the Philippines because of it’s
people’s passion for art of carving. Wood, ice, fruits and vegetables
are carved into useful and beautiful decorative pieces that are the
people’s foremost source of livelihood.
We have learned that materials can physically change
in size and shape through tearing, cutting bending and
pounding. They can also change to another phase
through different processes like melting, freezing,
evaporation and condensation. These physical
changes affect us and the environment in various
ways.
 BENEFITS OF THE
PHYSICAL CHANGE IN
THE ENVIRONMENT
The fact that matter can be cut, shaped, and
formed into various designs gives multiples
benefits to us. Here are some of the benefits:
1. CONSTRUCTION WORK

Architects and engineers create designs

from construction materials, and these
designs come to form through skillful
hands of carpenters and other construction
workers.
2. FURNITURE INDUSTRY

Wood and other material such as

ceramics, iron, cement, plastic, rubber,
bamboo, rattan or a combination of these
materials can be formed into comfortable
or fashionable benches, chairs, desks,
tables, cabinets, beds and other furniture
that we need.
2. DECORATIVE DESIGNS

Decorative Designs come in many

forms-from the smallest items that we can
find on top of our tables to the gigantic
billboards and other huge decorations that
we can see in museums, national parks, and
other public places.
4. CLOTHING AND FASHION

Designers cut and sew clothing

materials to create clothes for all types of
people, from different walks of life.
5. JEWELRY AND OTHER
ACCESORIES

Jewelers create beautiful accessories

from beads, gems and other similar
materials that can be transformed into
works of art.
6. TOYS FOR CHILDREN

Wood, plastic, rubber or clothing

materials can be made into toys for
children.
HARMFUL EFFECTS
OF PHYSICAL
CHANGE
 If there are beneficial effects, there are
also harmful effects that maybe derived
from physical changes in matter. On a
grand scale, the following effects may be
experienced when mountains hills, and
other land forms change physically.
 SOIL
EROSIO
N Soil erosion is a
gradual process that
occurs when the
impact of water or
wind detaches and
removes soil particles,
causing the soil to
deteriorate
LANDSLIDES
A landslide is the
movement
of rock, earth,
or debris down
a sloped section of
land. Landslides are
caused
by rain, earthquakes, 
volcanoes, or other
factors that make the
slope unstable. 
FLOODING
Flooding is an
overflowing of water
onto land that is
normally dry. Floods
can happen during
heavy rains, when
ocean waves come on
shore, when snow
melts quickly, or when
dams or levees break.  
 LOSS OF
ANIMAL
HABITAT
Habitat destruction
(also termed
habitat loss and
habitat reduction)
is the process by
which a natural
habitat becomes
incapable of
supporting its
SILTING OF
RIVER BEDS
Siltation is the flow of
silt and sediment into
the river. The particles
become suspended in
the river and
accumulate on the
riverbed. Siltation
causes problems for
fish, mussels and other
aquatic organisms.
SEATWORK #1
Useful or Harmful?
Direction: Read the following statements carefully. Draw a happy face
when the change is useful to the environment and sad face if harmful.
1. cutting a piece of cloth to be made into face mask
2. making compost from fruit and vegetables peelings
3. kaingin or burning of forest
4. cutting of wood/lumber into chair
5. changing wood into charcoal for cooking
6. throwing of dead bodies of animals in the river
7. throwing of waste in the bodies of water
8. excessive use of chemical fertilizer
9. recycling plastic cups as display materials
10. making old tires into flowerpots
 ACTIVITY 3 :
WHAT ARE THE CHANGES
IN THE MATERIALS THAT
ARE USEFUL AND
HARMFUL TO THE
ENVIRONMENT?
II. Picture Analysis
Direction: Study the pictures below and
identify 5 useful and 5 harmful effects
to the environment that might result
from cutting down trees.
Useful result to the
environment
Example: Lumber
into chair
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Harmful result to the
environment
Example: soil
erosion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
 PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF
SOLID, LIQUID,
AND GAS
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is
not affected by gravity so the mass of an object
stays the same even if it is on the moon that has
less gravity. Volume is the space that an object
occupies. So if I put a book on mv chair, I can say
that it occupies that space just like the objects
around the room.
Matter is around us. They are the things that
we can touch and even the things we cannot
see. The three states of matter: solid, liquid,
and gas are different from each other. They
have physical properties that make them
unique from each other. So, read on to
understand each state
When we talk of something physical, we refer to the trait that can be
observed by the senses. Let us compare the physical properties of solid,
liquid, and gas.
 SOLIDS
Look at how molecules of
solid look like. The
molecules are close together
and may vibrate in place.
Solids have other properties:

1.They have definite shape and volume but

cannot be compressed.
2. Do not diffuse or scatter.
3. Do not flow or have no viscosity.
 LIQUIDS

Liquids share some similar

properties with solids and
gases. Liquids take these
properties:
 LIQUID PROPERTIES

1.Take the shape of their container that have definite volume. f

can be compressed.
2. Have viscosity. Some liquids flow fast while others flow slowly.
This is how the molecules in a liquid behave. The molecules are
not as compact as solid.
3. The spaces between them make them easy to flow.
4. Diffuse into another liquid slowly.
5. When heated liquids evaporate and change to gas. When
cooled, liquids change to solid and freeze.
 GASES

Gases also take the shape of

their container. These are
how the molecules are
arranged.
Properties of gases include:

1. It take the shape of their container

and fill their container. The volume is
equal to the size of their containers. It
can be compressed.
2. It diffuses fast.
3. It has very low viscosity.
 ACTIVITY 4:
PHASES OF MATTER
SEPTEMBER 3, 2021
Check the properties each matter possesses.
Compare the molecules in each matter below.